• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.206-209
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• 2023

Asthma is a chronic and allergic inflammation in the lung, mainly caused by house dust mites (HDM). Recent studies have reported Der p 38 and Der f 38 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, respectively) as crucial allergens of HDMs. This study investigates the different allergic effects of Der p 38 and Der f 38 in an asthma-like mouse model. Lung infiltration of neutrophils was induced by intranasal administration of Der p 38 and Der f 38, with stronger infiltration being observed after exposure to Der p 38. Intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of Der p 38 induced the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils in the lung, which was similar to the effect subsequent to Der f 38 administration. Although the number of mast cells was increased, no significant difference was obtained between the effects of both allergens. In TLR4 knockout BALB/c mice, Der p 38 and Der f 38 had no effect on the infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. Additionally, allergenicity induced by Der p 38 and Der f 38 in the basophils of Der p38+/Der f 38+ asthmatic subjects was similar, although Der f 38 presented stronger allergenicity in basophils of Der p38+/Der f 38+ allergic patients than Der p 38. These findings contribute to understanding the role of similar allergen components derived from different species in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.8.1-8.8
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• 2015

Objectives Bedding in childcare centers (CCCs) can hold house dust mite (HDM) allergens. This study examined whether HDM allergen levels can be reduced through the distribution of an educational newsletter on bedding control to parents of CCC children in Korea. Methods All 38 CCCs were measured for Der 1 (sum of Der f 1 and Der p 1) concentrations on classroom floors and bedding before the intervention. Educational newsletters on children's bedding control were sent to 21 CCCs by mail, and teachers were asked to distribute the newsletters to the parents of the children (intervention group). The remaining 17 CCCs were not sent newsletters (control group). The measurement of Der 1 concentrations in 38 CCCs was repeated after the intervention. Dust samples were collected with a vacuum cleaner and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results The Der 1 concentrations on the bedding were significantly higher than those on the floors in 38 CCCs at baseline (p < 0.05). Although changes of the Der 1 concentrations for the control group (n=17) were not significant, Der 1 concentrations for the intervention group (n=21) decreased significantly from 2077.9 ng/g dust to 963.5 ng/g dust on the floors and from 3683.9 ng/g dust to 610.4 ng/g dust on bedding (p < 0.05). Conclusions The distribution of educational newsletters on bedding control to parents may be an effective means of controlling HDMs in CCCs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2006

The Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) is one of the six reactor concepts selected within the framework of the Generation IV initiative and is the reference concept for the Commissariat $\grave{a}$ l'Energie Atomique $(CEA^1)$. Two reactor unit sizes have been considered: 600 MWth and 2400 MWth. As far as thermal-hydraulics is concerned, reactor decay heat removal (DHR) proves to be a major issue. The CEA has conducted exploratory design studies to address this issue and a reference solution for the 600MWth reactor has been recommended.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine house dust mite concentrations in living rooms and bedding materials in atopic case-control groups. Methods: Fifty four homes with children suffering atopic diseases as cases and fifty one homes without atopic diseases as controls were selected after diagnosis at three elementary schools in Ulsan City. Dust samples were collected from the living rooms and bedding materials in each home during summer and winter with a vacuum cleaner and analyzed for house dust mites using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Environmental factors and family history were surveyed during sampling. Results: Both species of house dust mite Dermatophagoides farina (Der f 1) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) were found in all homes. Derf1 concentrations were much higher than Der P1 concentrations, both in atopic homes (1518.9 vs. 27.0 ng/g. dust, respectively) and non-atopic homes (810.8 vs. 44.3 ng/g. dust, respectively). Der f 1 concentrations were significantly higher in the atopic group than in the non-atopic group (atopic: 1518.9 ng/g.dust, non-atopic: 810.8 ng/g.dust, p = 0.035). However, total house dust mite Der p 1 concentrations were significantly higher in the non-atopic group than in the atopic group (atopic: 27.0 ng/g.dust, non-atopic: 44.3 ng/g.dust, p = 0.035). Multiple regression implied that mothers with family history of atopic diseases (OR = 4.79, 95% CI = 1.81-12.69), Der f 1 concentrations (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.07-2.81), and air freshener use (OR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.72-12.34) had significant associations with atopic children. Conclusion: House dust mite Der f 1 concentrations were associated with atopic children. This study suggests that parents should reduce house dust mite Der f 1 concentrations through environmental controls.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2006

Various indirect power cycle options for a helium cooled gas cooled fast reactor (GFR) with particular focus on a supercritical $CO_2(SCO_2)$ indirect cycle are investigated as an alternative to a helium cooled direct cycle GFR. The balance of plant (BOP) options include helium-nitrogen Brayton cycle, supercritical water Rankine cycle, and $SCO_2$ recompression Brayton power cycle in three versions: (1) basic design with turbine inlet temperature of $550^{\circ}C$, (2) advanced design with turbine inlet temperature of $650^{\circ}C$ and (3) advanced design with the same turbine inlet temperature and reduced compressor inlet temperature. The indirect $SCO_2$ recompression cycle is found attractive since in addition to easier BOP maintenance it allows significant reduction of core outlet temperature, making design of the primary system easier while achieving very attractive efficiencies comparable to or slightly lower than, the efficiency of the reference GFR direct cycle design. In addition, the indirect cycle arrangement allows significant reduction of the GFR &proximate-containment& and the BOP for the $SCO_2$ cycle is very compact. Both these factors will lead to reduced capital cost.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2494-2504
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• 2014

P38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase is an important anti-inflammatory drug target, which can be activated by responding to various stimuli such as stress and immune response. Based on the conformation of the conserved DFG loop (in or out), binding inhibitors are termed as type-I and II. Type-I inhibitors are ATP competitive, whereas type-II inhibitors bind in DFG-out conformation of allosteric pocket. It remains unclear that how these allosteric inhibitors stabilize the DFG-out conformation and interact. Organosilicon compounds provide unusual opportunity to enhance potency and diversity of drug molecules due to their low toxicity. However, very few examples have been reported to utilize this property. In this regard, we performed docking of an inhibitor (BIRB) and its silicon analog (Si-BIRB) in an allosteric binding pocket of p38. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the dynamic behavior of the simulated complexes. The difference in the biological activity and mechanism of action of the simulated inhibitors could be explained based on the molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) binding free energy per residue decomposition. MM/GBSA showed that biological activities were related with calculated binding free energy of inhibitors. Analyses of the per-residue decomposed energy indicated that van der Waals and non-polar interactions were predominant in the ligand-protein interactions. Further, crucial residues identified for hydrogen bond, salt bridge and hydrophobic interactions were Tyr35, Lys53, Glu71, Leu74, Leu75, Ile84, Met109, Leu167, Asp168 and Phe169. Our results indicate that stronger hydrophobic interaction of Si-BIRB with the binding site residues could be responsible for its greater binding affinity compared with BIRB.

• Mycobiology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

A total of 374 Pythium isolates were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soils of maize plants grown in 100 different agricultural fields in nine provinces at El-Minia Governorate, Egypt. Five Pythium spp. of P. deliense, P. graminicola, P. irregulare, P. oligandrum and P. splendens were obtained P. deliense and P. oligandrum were predominant in all of the locations with 48.1% and 41.4% of total counts, respectively. P. graminicola, P. irregulare and P. splendens were not isolated in 4, 2 and 4 provinces out of 9 provinces with 5.3%, 3.5%, and 1.6% of isolation percentage from total counts, respectively. Number of Pythium isolates in each were 34, 31, 34, 33, 34, 96, 37, 37 and 38 out of 374, for locations of El-Edwa, Maghagha, Beni-Mazar, Matai, Samalout, El-Minia city, Abou-Querquas, Mallawi and Der Mawas, respectively. Pre- and post-emergence pathogenicity tests indicated that only P. deliense was highly pathogenic to germinating grains and seedlings of maize whereas P. oligandrum was non-pathogenic.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2015

Acetic acid와 SO₂의 상호작용에 의해 생성되는 안정한 복합체를 알아보기 위해 MP2, B3LYP 방법으로 6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ basis set을 사용하여 계산하였다. Syn-acetic acid와 SO₂는 세 종류의 안정한 두 자리 복합체를 형성하였으며 anti-acetic acid도 SO₂와 세 복합체를 보였으나 이들 중 둘은 한자리 복합체로 syn-acetic acid에 비해 안정성이 떨어진다. 가장 안정한 복합체는 SO₂의 S와 syn-acetic acid의 C=O가 상호작용하여 S⋯O=C 결합과 SO₂의 O와 acetic acid의 O-H가 상호작용하여 O⋯H-O 결합을 갖는 두 자리 복합체, C1, C3이다. 이중 C1이 가장 큰 결합에너지 −7.38 kcal/mol을 갖는다. 이 복합체의 안정성은 S⋯O와 O⋯H 거리가 van der Waals 반지름의 합보다 훨씬 짧다는 것으로도 알 수 있다. Vibrational frequencies의 변화에서도 이 원자들의 상호작용을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1972

Benzidine dihydrochloride crystallizes in the triclinic system. The space group is $P_1$. The unit cell dimensions are; a = 4.38${\pm}$0.01, b = 5.76${\pm}$0.01, c = 12.82${\pm}$0.02${\AA}$, $\alpha$ = 101.5${\pm}$0.2, $\beta$ = 99.5${\pm}$0.2, $\gamma$ = 99.5${\pm}$0.2$^{\circ}$; with one molecule per unit cell. The crystal structure has been solved by two dimensional Patterson and by trial and error methods, and refined by means of two dimensional differential synthesis. The bond distances are C-C(*) = 1.40${\pm}$0.02, C-C = 1.52${\pm}$0.02, C-N = 1.51${\pm}$0.03 and N-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$Cl = 3.21${\pm}$0.03${\AA}$. The structure consists of hydrogen bonded molecular layers, extending to the (100) plane, and the hydrogen bonding scheme is similar to that of p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride. The adhesion between hydrogen bonded molecular layers is due to van der Waals forces.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1997

폐흡충 감염시 일어나는 비만세포 (mastcell)의 반응이 감염경로에 따라 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 비호적숙주인 마우스에 폐흡충의 피낭유충 10개를 피하 또는 경구 감염시킨 후 감염 시기별로 진피 내에 동원되는 비만세포의 숫적 변동 및 탈과립률 (%)을 경시적으로 관찰하였다. 피하로 감염시킨 마우스는 감염 1주 ($38.3/\textrm{mm}^2$)부터 진피 내 비만세포의 수가 PBS주입군 (대조군) (범위: $19.4-25.1/\textrm{mm}^2$)에 비해 유의한 수준 (P<0.05)으로 증가하기 시작하여 전 실험기간 동안 증가하였다. 이때 비만세포는 충체의 낭 (cyst)주위의 피하층에도 집중적으로 침윤되어 있었다. 경구로 감염시킨 마우스 는 감염 2주 ($33.5/\textrm{mm}^2$)부터 진피 내 비만세포의 수가 비감염군 (대조군)(범위: $17.4-22.3/\textrm{mm}^2$)에 비 해 유의 한 수준 (p<0.05)으로 증가하기 시작하여 전 실험 기간인 감염 6주 ($38.4/\textrm{mm}^2$)까지 높게 운지 되었다. 진피 내에 동원된 비만세포의 평균 탈과림률 (%)은 피하 감염 및 경구 감염군 모두 감염 2주부 터 6주까지 60%이상을 보인 반면 PBS주입군 (대조군)및 비감염군 (대조군)에 있어서는 전 실험기간 동안 10%정도의 탈과립률이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 폐흡충을 마우스에 감염시켰을 때 일어 나는 진피 내 비만세포 반응은 감염경로와는 상관없이 충체에서 분비되는 배설-분비 항원의 자극과 깊은 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다.