• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.393-406
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• 2016

In the sixth grade mathematics, drawing of development figures of the triangular prism and the quadrangular prism is recommended in terms of the creativity. In this sense, the teacher has the need to check in advance all the possible development figures of the triangular prism and the quadrangular prism before teaching on them. However, previous studies that currently give all the possible development figures of the triangular prism and the quadrangular prism are hard to find. For this reason, in this paper, as a study of teaching materials for the professional development of elementary school teachers, the method of finding all the possible development figures of the triangular prism and all the possible development figures of the quadrangular prism without omissions and overlaps and the number of each of development figures which can be obtained by that method are discussed. Here lengths of the three sides of base planes of the triangular prism are different each other and lengths of the four sides of base planes of the quadrangular prism are different each other. This discussion is needed in terms of a study of teaching materials in order to prepare for predictable questions to ask the number of the possible development figures of the triangular prism and the number of the possible development figures of the quadrangular prism in classes. In addition, through this discussion, this paper presents the development figures of the triangular prism and the development figures of the quadrangular prism without omissions and overlaps. And teachers can take advantage of them for determining the correctness of the development figures drew by students and guiding students to draw the development figures creatively in actual classes.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this article is to study students' responses to non-routine problems which are presented by using solely numerals or symbolic figures. Such figures have no mathematical meaning but just symbolical meaning. Most students understand geometric figures more concrete objects than numerals because geometric figures such as circles and squares can be visualized by the manipulatives in real life. And since students need not consider (unvisible) any operational structure of numerals when they deal with (visible) figures, problems proposed using figures are considered relatively easier to them than those proposed using numerals. Under this assumption, we analyze students' problem solving processes of numeral problems and figural problems, and then find out when students' difficulties arise in the problem solving process and how they response when they feel difficulties. From this experiment, we will suggest several comments which would be considered in the development and application of both numerical and figural problems.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.355-379
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• 2021

In this article, we investigated plane figures introduced in elementary school mathematics in the perspective of traditional classification, and also analyzed plane figures focused on the invariance of plane figures out of traditional classification. In the view of traditional classification, how to treat trapezoids was a key argument. In the current mathematics curriculum of the elementary school mathematics, the concept of sliding, flipping, and turning are introduced as part of development activities of spatial sense, but it is rare to apply them directly to figures. For example, how are squares and rectangles different in terms of symmetry? One of the main purposes of geometry learning is the classification of figures. Thus, the activity of classifying plane figures from a symmetrical point of view has sufficiently educational significance from Klein's point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.349-361
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop bodice basic patterns fitted on different body types of adult women. To meet this purpose, first, human bodies were measured using tight fitting technique and classified based on the shapes of upper trunk. The subjects were 214 women $20{\sim}39$ years of age. For the measurement of female upper trunk, tight fitting technique was utilized. The development of figures of upper trunks were obtained from women. These development of figures were then digitized and analysed using the PAD system. A total of 155 measurements were taken from each of the development of figures. then, 32 measurements were selected for the further analysis. As complimentary data, 22 direct body measurements using an anthropometric method and 23 body measurements using a photographic method from the side view pictures of the participants were also obtained. The results and discussions of this study are as follows: Using the body measurements from the development of figures, a factor analysis and a cluster analysis were conducted. As a result, the body types were classified into 5 different types, which differ in terms of bust volumes, shoulder slopes, shoulder tilts, back silhouettes, body axises. The prominent characteristics of each type are as follows: The first type has a large bust volume. The second type has a right figure. The third type has a rounded back silhouette. The fourth type has a back silhouette of scapular coming backward. Finally the fifth type has a shoulder tilted forward.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 1996

Generally fairytales are recognized as very effective educational materials. However, some of them includes negative prejudices on stepparents, especially stepmother. These contents are very harmful to development and adjustment of children in remarried families. Moreover, not so many studies have been done that even the results were insufficient to not only practical but also academical needs. Therefore this study purposed to investigate the parent -and stepparent- figures perceived by children with the knowledge about the related fairytales. Specific research problems are as follows; 1. How many children do know the contents of the 4 related fairytales such as Snow Whit, Sindellera, Kongjui Patjui and Changwha Honglyun? 2. What are the parent -figures perceived by the children with the knowledge about the 4 traditional fairytales? 3. What are the stepparent- figures of the subjects? 4. Is the children's sex the statistically significant variable in their parent -and stepparent- figures? 5. Is the children's age the statistically significant variable in their parent -and stepparent- figures? 6. Is the their parents' educational level the statistically significant variable in their parent -and stepparent- figures? 175 boys and girls of age -9 and- 11 were selected from 2 primary schools in Seoul. All of them were from normal families. As the steadyselling books, 18 fairytales were chosen by 7 booksellers of large scale bookstores in Seoul. And then by 10 teachers and 10 literay persons, 4 Korean and foreign traditional fairytales were seleced at last. The questionaire of 5 subareas was developed and used as the research tools, in which include 40 items. SPSS/pc program were used for data analysis for frequency, percentile, mean, and t-test. The followings are the findings with cronbach α=.80 and .94 parent -and stepparent- figures respectively. 1)The contents of the 4 tradional fairytales were read already or wellknown, even if the children who didn't. 2)The subjects showed very positive their own parent-figures such as sweet, lovely, reliable, and true or good person. 3)The subjects showed very negative stepparent-figures in contrast. 4)They showed significant sex difference(p<0.5) in their own parent-figures. And girls were more positive than boys who were a little more positive(on insignifficant level) than girls in stepmother-figures. 5)All the subjects had positive parent-figures and negative stepparent-figures. 6)Their parents education level was no significant variable in the prediction of their parent -and stepparent- figures.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2000

In this study, we analyze space alternation, which is shown pre-development and post-development in the reconstruction apartment. We point out problems in terms of the city and dwelling environment, and in looking for drawing up a plan for improvement as well. As a result of our research, we offer some important observations and conclusions. Ourdoor space of the site after the reconstruction caused inconvenience to the residents due to the plan for high-storeys, high-density, And the building shape and arrangement provide changeable conditions form line figures to variable figures due to courtyard patterns. The courtyard space changes into a parking area ; therefore the outdoor site gives worse circumstances.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-168
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• 2007

This study compared the figures of viscera (臟腑圖) in the seventh volume titled "Body" of Sancaituhui (三才圖會), the illustrated Encyclopedia published in the Ming Dynasty (明代), and the figures of viscera in Leijingtuyi (類經圖翼). One hundred and six volume Sancaituhui was compiled by Wang Qi (王圻) and his son Wang Siyi (王思義) in the Ming Dynasty. It was first published in 1607 and republished in 1609. Sancaituhui is somewhat different from other existing medical books in terms of form and content. Thus, this study examined the difference. Another comprehensive medical book, Leijingtuyi, was written by Zhang Jing-yue (張景岳) in 1624. Both Sancaituhui and Leijingtuyi were published in China before Terrenz's Taixirenshenshuogai (泰西人身說槪), the book which first introduced Western anatomy. Therefore, this study accessed the two medical books to examine the development of figures of viscera before the instruction of Western medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 2014

This study attempts to adapt and develop Korean prehistoric petroglyphs into textile design for children. For this purpose, literature review was conducted to understand the plasticity and symbolism expressed in Korean prehistoric petroglyphs. Also this study conducted textile design development as follows: First, the figures and faces in petroglyphs were selected because children can easily recognize them. Second, two groups of different ages (7-9 and 10-13) were allowed to freely draw the selected motifs. Third, some of the motifs created by the children were selected that show children's individuality and also keep the features of the original motifs. The children's motifs were developed into textile design using Texpro and Photoshop. Then digital textile printing and 3D mapping program were used to make pajamas (5 types), umbrellas (3 types), and simulate bedding sets (2 types) for children. This research's results are as follows: First, petroglyphs are symbolic language of human's oldest art form, and related to religious and mythical belief. Korean petroglyphs have plasticity showing the development steps in technique and expression, with various shapes such as animals, human figures, faces, masks and abstract figures. Third, children showed their interests in various human figures and faces of the petroglyphs, and it was easy to draw those motifs in their own way. Fourth, 10 design motifs were selected from the children's work and used to create textiles considering materials and colors for children. Total 10 items were made and presented. This study confirmed the usefulness of applying prehistoric petroglyphs to children's textiles designs. These designs may grow as a kind of cultural product for children who know about and like petroglyphs. They can be a niche market items too, made to order for children with individuality and who favor originality.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2008

"Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" is published in 1613 in Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty, and reprinted many times in Korea, China and Japan. After publication of Donguibogam, Donguibogam became a base of Korean Medical development. Until now, Korean Oriental medical doctors make the most use of Donguibogam in clinical medicine. Donguibogam Sinhyeongjangbudo(身形藏府圖) represents Heojun(許浚)'s medical view, but there were not enough research about it. In oriental medical development, Taoism and Medicine interact each other and develop into higher grade. We searched Taoistic human body figures and medical ones which appeared before Donguibogam. We compared Donguibogam Sinhyeongjangbudo(身形藏府圖) with other figures and revealed the special features of it. Donguibogam Sinhyeongjangbudo is one of medical human body figures, but it has Taoistic features. Heojun(許浚) located Sinhyeongjangbudo at the opening of Donguibogam, and represented his medical point of view. Heojun laid emphasis on Taoistic training more than medical care in Donguibogam, and this thought is expressed in introduction of Donguibogam. Donguibogam Sinhyeongjangbudo shows Heojun(許浚)'s exact view.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

We present a new method for an automated markerless system to describe, analyze, and classify human gait motion. The automated system consists of three stages: I) detection and extraction of the moving human body and its contour from image sequences, ii) extraction of gait figures by the joint angles and body points, and iii) analysis of motion parameters and feature extraction for classifying human gait. A sequential set of 2D stick figures is used to represent the human gait motion, and the features based on motion parameters are determined from the sequence of extracted gait figures. Then, a k-nearest neighbor classifier is used to classify the gait patterns. In experiments, this provides an alternative estimate of biomechanical parameters on a large population of subjects, suggesting that the estimate of variance by marker-based techniques appeared generous. This is a very effective and well-defined representation method for analyzing the gait motion. As such, the markerless approach confirms uniqueness of the gait as earlier studies and encourages further development along these lines.