• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.18
• /
• pp.137-157
• /
• 2002

The clauses of bill of lading(B/L) consist of the terms of contract for the carriage of goods by sea because of clauses of B/L by the mutual agreement of contracting parties. There are some exempted cause of deviation clause in B/L for specific reasons. Then deviation clauses are influenced by Rules of international carriage of goods by sea, because the international rules become the governing law of contract for the carriage of goods by sea. The problem of deviation clauses in B/L is stipulated as follows. "It shall be prerequisite to the Merchant' claim for damages on account of deviation that the merchant's insurance shall first have been cancelled on account of alleged deviation. No deviation shall oust the right to limit liability or damages, and the Carrier shall always be entitled to the full benefit of all privileges, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading and incorporated tariffs." This stipulation should be adjusted according to the confirmed cases, otherwise it will be invalid according to the Hague Rules and Hamburg rules. The sphere of a reasonable deviation in the deviation clause should be interpreted in the connection with the designed voyage and the commercial object of contract for the carriage of goods by sea and the deviation become valid unless the policy, the general object of international rules or the true intention of contracting parties has violated.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 1998

As a satellite positioning system, GPS is designed to provide the information on three dimensional position, velocity, and time all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to obtain what day has the best accuracy and what time has the best accuracy of measuring of forteen-twenty mimutes for effective using of MAGELLAN G.P.S NAV DLX-10 system. The result of measurement maximum deviation value from November, 1997 to March, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 And the result of measurement maximum deviation value during fourteen minutes of April 29, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 1' .9. The result of measurement maximum deviation value during twenty minutes of May 6, 1998 that latitude deviation is 4' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 and that is provid 3' .25, 4' .1 to May 13, 1998. So, we expect efficient use of horizontal position for navigation.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.138-144
• /
• 2010

Background: Tracheal deviations are encountered frequently in head and neck tumors especially in thyroid cancer. Dyspnea and stridor are symptom calling for surgery. The method of evaluation in tracheal deviation is not well established yet. This paper is aimed to suggest objective tools to evaluate tracheal deviation in relation to cervical vertebra. Material and Method: Ten cases of thyroid cancers were recruited retrospectively. Tracheal inner shadow and shape of cervical vertebra were reconstructed three dimensionally using 3D-doctor to compare position of trachea in relation to vertebral body. Extent of deviation was scored in relation to both lateral borders of vertebral body. Angles between trachea and spinous process were measured in axial CT and compared between study group and control group. Results: Deviation scores were statistically significant between study group (mean=1.1) and control group (mean=0) (p=0.0008). Deviation angles at maximal tumor size in study group (mean=160.3 Degrees) and deviation angles of control group (mean=177.1 Degrees) were statistically significant (p=0.0007). Angles at maximal deviation of three dimensional images ages in study group (mean=162.6 Degrees) and deviation angles of control group (mean=177.1 Degrees) were statistically significant (p=0.0089). Conclusion: Tracheal deviation can be evaluated using scoring of three dimensional images and measuring angle between trachea and vertebral spine.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.117-134
• /
• 2010

Background & Objectives: Recently, problems such as in-school violence of teenagers, gang fight, habitual drinking, smoking, running away from home and group isolation can be regarded as the most fundamental causes of teenagers' deviation. It is said that such fundamental causes are originated from their home, the base for the psychological and behavioral development. Methods: In this study, the data for 3,188 students studying in the 3rd grade at middle school, which have been obtained from the second year survey for the panel of the 2nd grade students in 2004 by to Korea Youth Panel Survey, have been used for the analysis of the study. Results: According to the result of the study, there seems to be no difference between two genders for differences of average values. Regarding the analysis of correlation coefficients between such related variables as domestic violence, self-control, self-worth, self-trust and family relationship (sociability), and teenagers' deviation, When variables increase, teenagers' deviation decreases. Regarding the relationship between domestic violence and teenagers' deviation, physical violence is more related than lingual violence. The relationship between self-control and teenagers' deviation is the highest. By studying the deviation of teenagers exposed to domestic violence and carrying out the regression analysis, physical violence influences, teenagers' deviation was greater. As self-control, self-worth and family relationship(sociability) increase, teenagers' deviation decreases. Regarding the analytic results of this study, the experience of domestic violence seems to influence teenagers' deviation greatly. Among various types of domestic violence, physical violence is analyzed to influence teenagers' deviation greatly. Self-control, self-worth and family relationship(sociability) increase, teenagers' deviation decreases. Conclusions: In order to prevent teenagers' deviation and decrease the second conviction rate, it is necessary to provide a method of decreasing the domestic violence. It is necessary for schools and local communities to provide social support for teenagers.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
• /
• no.50
• /
• pp.65-100
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of deviation in urban music festival through the theories and a case study. A deviation help contemporary people in the routine of daily life to give a lot of energy. Such a deviation is strongly experienced from the festival. So it is important to study the patterns of deviation in urban festival. For this purpose, the relation between deviation and festival is examined first. And then the patterns of deviation in festival are drawn from the preceding research and case studies. The patterns of deviation in festival are identified as spatio-temporal deviation, active deviation, and situational deviation. Spatio-temporal deviation is divided into non-dailiness, space separation, and space appropriation. Active deviation is divided into make-over and expression. Situational deviation is divided into overturning and new meeting. This patterns of deviation applies to case study of ACC world music festival held in Gwangju metropolitan city with a content analysis methodology. The research finding is that Spatio-temporal deviation is most evident in ACC world music festival, on the other hand active deviation and situational deviation are weak or no evident. It is expected that various deviant elements presented in this study will be used strategically in festival planning to help strengthen the festivity of modern urban festivals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1999

In order to secure accuracy and effectiveness of the electromagnetic compass as information sensor for ship's head up bearing with gyro compass, magnetic compass and electromagnetic compass on the sea and on the dock in land.The results obtained were as follows;1. Between the Northeast and the southsouthwest the deviation on ship's head up bearing on electromagnetic compass got easterly deviation with max. $53^{\cire}$on the East and between the Southwest and the Northnortheast westerly deviation with max. $34^{\cire}$ on the Northwest, of which values were not able to be corrected due to the angle excess of deviation adjustment.2. The varies of deviation seemed to have a tendency to increase easterly deviation on the Northeast and the East, easterly deviation after westerly deviation between the South and the Northwest, small one on the North and the Southeast.3. The varies of deviation of ship were larger than the one of around the dock, were extreme on the bow of forecastle deck and were stable on the ship's center line of compass deck at the dock in land.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2011

Tension and self-control are explanatory factors in adolescent delinquency, and internet addiction and anonymity are regarded as factors underlying cyber deviation. The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships between these factors and cyber deviation. Participants were 485 middle and high school students in the Jeonbuk region. The results showed that tension and self-control were predictors of cyber deviation and that internet addiction was a mediating variable for both the predictors. Anonymity was found to have a mediating role, but only in respect of the tension-cyber deviation pathway. These findings suggested a number of implications. Firstly, the educational programs on cyber deviation should be different from the existing deviation prevention programs. Secondly, measures to prevent internet addiction are needed for the effective prevention of cyber deviation. Lastly, the finding of a relationship between anonymity and cyber deviation indicates the need to adopt a long-term perspective drawing on values education techniques to develop a code of cyber space ethics for "netizens".

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2006

The augmentation in social deviation of adolescence is one of the issues that modern society should resolve. Deviation behavior of adolescents is often expressed as clothing behavior being against the social or school rules. Therefore, to understand the social deviation and clothing behavior of adolescents, the study investigated the relationship with the level of social deviation, clothing interest, the attitude toward clothing, and clothing deviation. Survey was utilized to collect the data and subjects were 411 female high school students. Principal component analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. While the level of social deviation of female high school students had no statistically significant influence on the fashion-oriented attitude, clothing interest of them had an effect on the fashion-oriented attitude, suggesting that adolescents, having a high interest in clothing, thought the fashion-oriented attitude as an important clothing attribute. The level of social deviation of subjects had a statistically significant influence on the behavior of clothing deviation. The less the subjects took an interest in clothing and the lower the level of social deviation was, the more they thought the status-oriented clothing attitude as an important clothing attribute. Also, the result revealed a similar tendency in the modesty-oriented clothing attitude to that in the status-oriented clothing attitude.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2002

Purpose. This study was tried to compare the effect of the change in postural deviation caused by the pain side Subjects and Methods. Inpatients and outpatients (n=71) were selected from I hospital who have a musculoskeletal low back pain and shoulder pain without any history of the central nervous system (CNS) lesions, orthopaedic problems of the both lower extremities, or the vestibular and the visual default. For the control group, normal and healthy subjects (n=30) were selected without any history of weight bearing disorders. the weight bearing was rated by the computerized force plate. Results. 1) Postural deviation was not significant difference between patients and control group(p<0.01). But postural deviation in patients was more pronounced than control group. 2) There was significant difference of postural deviation between in patients according to the pain side(p<0.01). When the pain side was on the left side, postural deviation tended to the right. When the pain side was on the right side and vertebral body, postural deviation tended to the left. 3) There was no significant difference of postural deviation between regional pain in shoulder and regional pain in low back(p<0.01). Discussions and Conclusion. As a result, the pain, for sure, affected the good posture and its keeping process directly or/and indirectly. Therefore, as the postural deviation increases, the additional energy consumption increased by the works of the muscles to keep the good posture. Preponderated postural deviation, furthermore, could load too much to the musculoskeletal system, leading to increase the pain. The postural deviation, a result of the pain, can cause a secondary deformity of the distal area as a compensatory reaction, and this compensation actually become a cause of the musculoskeletal symptom back in a cycle. Therefore, the appropriate treatment of the musculoskeletal problem and the education of the posture correction should be given to decrease the pain, preventing the secondary deformities, and increasing muscle energy efficiency of the posture remaining muscles.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.288-292
• /
• 2018

Objectives. To investigate the common causes of persistent septal deviation in revision septoplasty and to report the surgical techniques and results to correct them. Methods. A total of 100 consecutive patients (86 males) who had revision septoplasty due to persistent septal deviation from 2008 and 2014 were included in the study. Their mean age was 35.6 years and the mean follow-up duration was 9.1 months. Presenting symptoms, sites of persistent septal deviation, techniques used to correct the deviation, and surgical results were reviewed. Results. The mean interval between primary and revision surgery was 6.2 years. Forty-eight patients received revision septoplasty and 52 received revision septoplasty combined with rhinoplasty. Nasal obstruction was the most presenting symptom in almost all patients. The most common site of persistent septal deviation was middle septum (58%) followed by caudal septum (31%). Correcting techniques included further chondrotomy and excision of deviated portion in 76% and caudal batten graft in 39%. Rhinoscopic and endoscopic exams showed straight septum in 97% and 92 patients had subjective symptom improvement postoperatively. Conclusion. Middle septum and caudal septum were common sites of persistent deviation. Proper chondrotomy with excision of deviated middle septum and correction of the caudal deviation with batten graft are key maneuvers to treat persistent deviation.