• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.421-428
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• 2010

This study investigated on enzyme production in the digestive organs of the native termite (Reticulitermes speratus) in Milyang, Korea. Four types of major cellulases [EG (endo-1,4-${\beta}$-glucanase), BGL (${\beta}$-glucosidase), CBH (cellobiohydrolase) and BXL (${\beta}$-1,4-xylosidase)] were present in the digestive organs of the termite. The strong enzyme activity for BGL was found from the native termite, and also shown that the enzyme was distributed in the salivary gland, foregut, and hindgut. BXL, which breaks down hemicellulose near the amorphous region, was detected mainly from salivary gland, foregut, and midgut. However, CBH was distributed mainly in the hindgut. Meanwhile, EG which degrades cellulose, was found mainly in the hindgut and salivary glands. These facts indicate that celluases production patterns are differ from different sites compare to the same species found in Japan, suggesting that enzyme production in the digestive organs of termites is changed according to their habitats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.539-539
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• 2000

A cytochemical study by the Benedict's reaction method was conducted to find out the cellulase activity in the digestive organs of Helix aspersa. Out of the all digestive organs, the stomach, the intestine, and the digestive gland showed cellulase activities under the transmission electron microscopy.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.401-420
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze middle school students' systemic thinking to express organic relations between different organ systems about the movement of food and air and teachers' reflective thinking about science teaching through their reflective journals after the lesson of digestion, circulation, respiration and excretion. Firstly, when investigating the moving route of hamburger eaten inside the body, students expressed the names, locations and forms of organs in the digestive system more than those in the circulatory system or the excretory system. When investigating the moving route of a painkiller taken inside the body, students seemed to have more difficulty in expressing the related organ systems than when investigating the moving route of other things, and they mostly drew pictures of organs in the digestive system as done for the moving route of hamburger. However, when investigating the moving route of water drunk inside the body, students mostly described organs in the digestive system but drew more pictures of organs in the excretory system, than when investigating the moving route of other things. When investigating the moving route of air inhaled inside the body, students mostly drew pictures of organs in the respiratory system, but the rate of their drawing pictures of circulatory organs was low. Secondly, this study analyzed one of the teachers' reflective journals, named Mr. Park. According to his journal, students showed different levels of understanding of organ names, depending on their degrees of familiarity with each organ, and in regard to the locations of organs, science teachers mostly aim to achieve learning objectives so much that they often forget to instruct the locations of organs in fact. As for the forms of organs, science teachers mostly spend so much time explaining the functions of organs that they often forget to describe the exact form of each organ.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 1977

A study on the sickness distribution and mode of treatment in rural area was conducted during the period from July '75 to Aug. '75 using 1,225 households, 7,918 population (4,017 male, 3,901female) and 343 cases th at found during the period of survey who had beenlived in Nammyon, Hwasoongun, Chonnam. The summarized results were as follows : 1. Average family number per household was 6.5 and prevalence rate was 43.3 (21.2 for male, 22.1 for female). 2. General sickness distribution by classification of disease according to W.H.O. was highest in disease of the nervous system and sense organs (21.3%), and important others were disease of the digestive system (16.9%) and disease of the respiratory system(14.8%). In male, distribution was in order of downward disease of digestive system, disease of nervous system and sense organs, disease of skin, cellular tissue, bones and organs of movement, and disease of respiratory system. In female, distribution was in order of downward disease of nervou s system and sense organs, disease of respiratory system, disease of digestive system, and disease of skin, cellular tssue, bones and organs of movement. 5. Types of treatment in both sexes were showed that home and folkmedicine (41.1%), pharmacy(24.5%), admission to hospital or clinic (16.9%), out-patient clinic (10.8%) and herbmedicine (6.7%) in downward order. Hospital and clinic utility rate was 27.5% (31.5 for male, 24.0 for female) and it was highest in 0-4 age groups and lowest in 40-49 year age groups. 4. Hospital and clinic utility rate was highest in neoplasms, and the other hands, disease of the nervous system and sense organs and disease of the digestive system were the highest groups in the all types of treatment other than hospital and clinic. 5. On the results of treatment not, exactly replied answer was the highest (41.7%) and only 16.0% said complete recovery. In completely recovered cases, hospital and clinic using group was predominant (58.2%) and in aggravated cases, home and folkmedicine using group was highest.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.8 s.173
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• pp.57-63
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• 2005

Development of a locomotive mechanism fer the capsule type endoscopes will largely enhance the ability to diagnose disease of digestive organs. In connection with it, most of researches have focused on an installable locomotive mechanism in the capsule. In this paper, it is introduced that the movement of a capsule type endoscope in digestive organ can be manipulated by magnetic force produced outside human body. Since the magnetic force is provided by permanent magnets, no additional power supply to the capsule is required. Using a robotic manipulator for locating the external magnet, the capsule motion control system can cover the whole human digestive organs. This study is particularly concentrated on dither motion effect to improve the mobility of capsule type endoscope. It was experimentally found out that the friction coefficient between the capsule and digestive organ can be remarkably reduced by superposing yawing or rolling dither motion on the translatory motion. In this paper, the experimental results obtained with the direction, amplitude and frequency of sinusoidal dither motion changed is reported.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2004

Purpose: This study observed the changes in the telomerase activity, it's developmental regulation, PCNA expression, and their correlation in rat's upper digestive organs during growth and aging. Materials and Methods: Upper digestive organs(buccal mucosa, gingiva, palate, submandibular and parotid glands, and tongue) were aseptically removed from Sprague-Dawley rats of fetal(gestational 20 days), growing(1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after birth) and adult(12 week old). Samples for telomerase activity were frozen on liquid nitrogen immediately after sacrifice, and stored until the use at $-75^{\circ}C$ in order to measure it. Telomerase activity was measured by a PCR-based telomeric repeat amplication protoco(TRAP) assay and quantitated with Photometric Telo TAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA plus(Roche Diagnostics GmbH. Mannheim. Germany). PCNA expression were measured immunohistochemistry with anti PCNA Ab-1, Clone PC10(NeoMark. California. USA). Results: 1. Telomerase activities in buccal mucosa, palate and gingiva were the highest in fetus and decreased gradually or rapidly after birth and then diminished, but In salivary gland and tongue were the highest in fetus and also high at 1 week and then decreased rapidly. 2. PCNA expression in buccal mucosa, gingiva, Tongue and salivary gland was the highest in fetus and decreased gradually and then diminished. but only in palate decreased rapidly after birth and then diminished. Conclusion: The highest telomerase activity of embryonic stage decreased rapidly after birth in rat's upper digestive organs. There may be a developmental regulation of telomerase activity, but not a tissue-specific. This telomerase activity seems correlated closely with PCNA expression in rat's upper digestive system.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1089-1094
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• 2004

Diseases in the gastro-intestinal track are on an increasing trend. In order to diagnose a patient, the various signals of the digestive organ, such as temperature, pH, and pressure, can offer the helpful information. Among the above mentioned signals, we choose the pressure variation as a monitoring signal. The variation of a pressure signal of the gastro-intestinal track can offer the information of a digestive trouble or some clues of the diseases. In this paper, a pressure monitoring system for the digestive organs of a living pig is presented. This system concept is to transmit the measured biomedical signals from a transmitter in a living pig to wireless receiver that is positioned out of body. The integrated solution includes the following parts: (1) the swallow type pressure capsule, (2) the receiving set consisting of a receiver, decoder box, and PC. The merit of the proposed system if that the monitoring system can supply the precise and repeatable pressure in the gastro-intestinal track. In addition, the design of low power consumption enables it to keep sending reliable signals while the pressure capsule is working in the digestive organ. The subject of the study for the pressure monitoring system is in-vivo experiments for a living pig. We achieved the pressure tracings in digestive organs and verified the validity of system after several in-vivo tests using pressure monitoring system. As a result, we found each organ has its own characterized pressure fluctuation.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2007

Health state of the Japanese scallop, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, cultured in the Experimental Marine Farm in Minonosok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) was investigated. The wide spectrum of histopathological changes has been identified in the internal organs and tissues of scallops: prokaryotic infection with prevalence 100%, destruction of digestive epithelium and other changes in digestive system, infiltration of organs by hemocytes and granulocytome formation. The most affected by prokaryotic infection organs are labial palps, lips, esophagus, intestine and gills. Several of the observed alterations seem to be related to prokaryotic infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1068-1073
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• 2005

Development of a locomotive mechanism for the capsule type endoscopes will largely enhance the ability to diagnose disease of digestive organs. In connection with it, most of the researches have focused on an installable locomotive mechanism in the capsule. In this paper, it is introduced that the movement of a capsule type endoscope in digestive organ can be manipulated by magnetic force produced outside human body. Since the magnetic force is provided by permanent magnets, no additional power supply to the capsule is required. Using a robotic manipulator for locating the external magnet, the capsule motion control system can cover the whole human digestive organs. This study is particularly concentrated on dither motion effect to improve the mobility of capsule type endoscope. It was experimentally found out that the friction coefficient between the capsule and digestive organ can be remarkably reduced by superposing yawing or rolling dither motion on the translatory motion. In this paper, the experimental results obtained while the direction, amplitude and frequency of sinusoidal dither motion were changed are reported.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.196-201
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• 2005

Diseases in the gastro-intestinal tract are on an increasing trend. In order to diagnose a patient, various signals of the digestive organ, such as temperature, pH, and pressure, can offer the helpful information. Among the above mentioned signals, we choose the pressure variation as a monitoring signal. The variation of a pressure signal of the gastro-intestinal tract can offer the information of a digestive trouble or some clues of the diseases. In this paper, a pressure monitoring system for the digestive organs of a living pig is presented. This is why a pig's gastro-intestinal tract is very similar as human's. This system concept is to transmit the measured biomedical signals from a transmitter in a living pig to a wireless receiver that is positioned out of body. The integrated solution includes the swallow type pressure capsule and the receiving set consisting of a receiver, decoder circuit. The merit of the proposed system is that the monitoring system can supply the precise and a durable characteristic to measure and to transmit a signal in the gastro-intestinal tract. We achieved the pressure tracings in digestive organs and verified the validity of system after several in-vivo tests using the pressure monitoring system. Through various experiments, we found each organ has its own characterized pressure fluctuation.