• Title/Summary/Keyword: Distance

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AREA OF TRIANGLE IN THE PLANE WITH ALPHA DISTANCE FUNCTION

  • Oh, Chae Hee;Ko, Il Seog;Kim, Byung Hak
    • The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.337-347
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    • 2012
  • The taxicab distance and Chinese-checker distance in the plane are practical distance notions with a wide range of applications compared to the Euclidean distance. The ${\alpha}$-distance was introduced as a generalization of these two distance functions. In this paper, we study alpha circle, trigonometry, and the area of a triangle in the plane with ${\alpha}$-distance.

Virtuality as a Psychological Distance and Temporal Distance: Focusing on the Effect of Product Information Type on Product Attitude (심리적 거리로서의 가상성과 시간적 거리: 제품 정보 유형의 제품 태도에 미치는 효과를 중심으로)

  • Park, Do-Hyung
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.163-178
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    • 2017
  • Recent advances in technology are evolving to enable individuals to perform various activities necessary for their lives, without being constrained by physical, temporal, and spatial constraints. The online services and experiences that originated from solving the discomfort in the actual offline space have created the newness that can only be experienced in the digital world and furthermore uniquely new experiences in actual space as well. While many previous studies have suggested several interpretations of unique individual behaviors in virtual environments, a recent research approaches virtuality as an interesting perspective of the change of thinking style. Virtuality is defined as how far apart we are from everyday reality, and if the individual faces a situation far from reality, the psychological distance of the individual becomes distant and ultimately leads to the thinking style of high construal level. Otherwise, it is said to have a relatively low construal level of thinking style. In this study, I try to confirm the virtual distance as the role of psychological distance in new virtual contexts. Simultaneously considering temporal distance, which are most used in psychological distance, and virtual distance based on virtuality, this study tries to find whether the effect of virtual distance on product attitude is the same as that of temporal distance and check the relationship between virtual distance and temporal distance in the context of consumers' product evaluations depending on product information type.

Effect of Country Distance on E-commerce Export: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurship

  • Wang, Yi Chen;Lee, Tae Hee;Bae, Moon Gyu;Lee, Keon Hee
    • Journal of Korea Trade
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.60-87
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    • 2021
  • Purpose - This study examines the role of e-commerce resulting from technological innovation as a new approach toward internationalization. We study the relationship between e-commerce export and country distance, measured in CAGE distance, which has hindered traditional internationalization. As a control variable, entrepreneurship was introduced to check the moderating effect on the relationship between country distance and e-commerce export. Design/methodology - Based on empirical analysis, e-commerce exports from the Republic of Korea to 96 countries were used as dependent variables. First, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis about each country's distance, measured by CAGE distance, and each dimension of CAGE, on e-commerce exports. Next, the hypothesis was tested through the interaction term to examine the moderating effect of entrepreneurship. Findings - The analysis showed that the hypothesis, which postulated e-commerce exports as affected negatively by the country's distance, was supported but not that all CAGE dimensions affected it. Specifically, geographical distance and economic distance have negative effects, but cultural distance and administrative distance did not affect e-commerce exports. Thus, in contrast to the expectation that distance restrictions in e-commerce would not exist, this study confirmed that distance still matters to internationalization and that entrepreneurship can mitigate the adverse effects. Originality/value - Through these results, when export firms try to enter new markets and start internationalization through e-commerce, the entrepreneurship of the importing country should be considered.

Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Modified Distance Estimation

  • Zhao, Liquan;Zhang, Kexin
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.1158-1168
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    • 2020
  • The distance vector-hop wireless sensor node location method is one of typical range-free location methods. In distance vector-hop location method, if a wireless node A can directly communicate with wireless sensor network nodes B and C at its communication range, the hop count from wireless sensor nodes A to B is considered to be the same as that form wireless sensor nodes A to C. However, the real distance between wireless sensor nodes A and B may be dissimilar to that between wireless sensor nodes A and C. Therefore, there may be a discrepancy between the real distance and the estimated hop count distance, and this will affect wireless sensor node location error of distance vector-hop method. To overcome this problem, it proposes a wireless sensor network node location method by modifying the method of distance estimation in the distance vector-hop method. Firstly, we set three different communication powers for each node. Different hop counts correspond to different communication powers; and so this makes the corresponding relationship between the real distance and hop count more accurate, and also reduces the distance error between the real and estimated distance in wireless sensor network. Secondly, distance difference between the estimated distance between wireless sensor network anchor nodes and their corresponding real distance is computed. The average value of distance errors that is computed in the second step is used to modify the estimated distance from the wireless sensor network anchor node to the unknown sensor node. The improved node location method has smaller node location error than the distance vector-hop algorithm and other improved location methods, which is proved by simulations.

A Note on Cook's Distance in the Multivariate Linear Model

  • Bae, Whasoo;Hwang, Hyunmi;Kim, Choongrak
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2013
  • We propose a version of Cook's distance (called local distance) in the multivariate linear model. The proposed version is a matrix, while the existing version of Cook's distance (called global distance) is a scalar. The existing Cook's distance is the trace of the proposed Cook's distance. In addition, we argue that the proposed Cook's distance has a more natural extension of the Cook's distance in the univariate linear model than the existing Cook's distance. An illustrative example based on a real data set is given.

INVARIANT METRICS AND COMPLETENESS

  • Pflug, Peter
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.269-284
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    • 2000
  • We discuss completeness with respect to the Caratheodory distance, the Kobayashi distance and the Beraman distance, respectively.

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Efficient Hausdorff Distance Computation for Planar Curves (평면곡선에 대한 Hausdorff 거리 계산의 가속화 기법에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Joon;Oh, Young-Taek;Kim, Myung-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 2010
  • We present an efficient algorithm for computing the Hausdorff distance between two planar curves. The algorithm is based on an efficient trimming technique that eliminates the curve domains that make no contribution to the final Hausdorff distance. The input curves are first approximated with biarcs within a given error bound in a pre-processing step. Using the biarc approximation, the distance map of an input curve is then approximated and stored into the graphics hardware depth-buffer by rendering the distance maps (represented as circular cones) of the biarcs. We repeat the same procedure for the other input curve. By sampling points on each input curve and reading the distance from the other curve (stored in the hardware depth-buffer), we can easily estimate a lower bound of the Hausdorff distance. Based on the lower bound, the algorithm eliminates redundant curve segments where the exact Hausdorff distance can never be obtained. Finally, we employ a multivariate equation solver to compute the Hausdorff distance efficiently using the remaining curve segments only.

Polar-Natural Distance and Curve Reconstruction

  • Kim, Hyoung-Seok;Kim, Ho-Sook
    • International Journal of Contents
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2015
  • We propose a new distance measure between 2-dimensional points to provide a total order for an entire point set and to reflect the correct geometric meaning of the naturalness of the point ordering. In general, there is no total order for 2-dimensional point sets, so curve reconstruction algorithms do not solve the self-intersection problem because the distance used in the previous methods is the Euclidean distance. A natural distance based on Brownian motion was previously proposed to solve the self-intersection problem. However, the distance reflects the wrong geometric meaning of the naturalness. In this paper, we correct the disadvantage of the natural distance by introducing a polar-natural distance, and we also propose a new curve reconstruction algorithm that is based on the polar-natural distance. Our experiments show that the new distance adequately reflects the correct geometric meaning, so non-simple curve reconstruction can be solved.

Earth Mover's Distance Approximate Earth Mover's Distance for the Efficient Content-based Image Retreival (효율적인 내용 기반 이미지 검색을 위한 근사 Earth Mover's Distance)

  • Jang, Min-Hee;Kim, Sang-Wook
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.18D no.5
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    • pp.323-328
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    • 2011
  • For content-based image retrieval, the earth mover's distance and the optimal color composition distance are proposed to measure the dissimilarity. Although providing good retrieval results, both methods are too time-consuming to be used in a large image database. To solve the problem, we propose a new distance function that calculates an approximate earth mover's distance in linear time. To calculate the dissimilarity in linear time, the proposed approach employs the space-filling curve. We have performed extensive experiments to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results reveal that our approach achieves almost the same results with the EMD in linear time.