• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

Recently, estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission has continuously emerged as an important global issue. This study compares various statistical methods for estimation of fuel consumption, which is necessary for calculation of GHG emission in road transportation sector. Existing methods have focused on using merely transportation fuel supply or distance traveled for calculation of fuel consumption. Estimates of GHG emission based on fuel supply, however, cannot reflect various vehicle types or model year. This study suggests and compares, from statistical point of view, several methods, which can be applied to estimate fuel consumption of each vehicle, by combining distance traveled and fuel efficiency (mileage), and total fuel consumption of all vehicles. It also suggests practical measures that can reflect vehicle types and model year to suggested methods for future research.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2012

Telematics services include automatic location tracking for emergency rescue, which is available for use in case of a car accident due to falling off roadways. This paper presents a simulation study on how far a car will fall before it hits the ground if it drops off of a roadway due to an accident or a natural disaster. The greatest horizontal distance the falling car can travel is presented in this paper, based on the assumption that air resistance as well as the direction and degree of acceleration due to gravity is negligible. This paper also presents the depth of the dent caused by the car sinking into the ground, the time it took for the car to fall free, and the velocity at which it travelled and horizontal distance it traveled. In this paper, the damage done to cars that crash into the ground and the dangers thereof are graphically represented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.85-97
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• 2001

In this study, the purpose behind this research is to propose index to be used for classification of functional the urban streets and to select the feasible length of special management link by the index. This special management link help decision makers found a transportation policy. In order to perform functional classification, index such as average traveled distance, link VKT and VKT per length-lane are use at the study. Average traveled distance index is average traveled distance divided by length of Path k and VKT per length-lane is trip volume characteristic considering lanes and length of Path k. Special management links on which major part of the vehicle are selected with using Path-VKT which represents how many long-distance touring vehicles are on the arterial road. The selection of special management links are performed with network composed of 14 paths (arterial roads) in seoul The total distance of special management links resulted from the above analysis is 141km(35.0% of the whole paths length) and total VKT of the special management links is 4,152,475 VKT(45.2% of the whole paths VKT)

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.10C
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• pp.844-850
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• 2008

This paper stated the proposed algorithm to certify the characteristics of artificial explosion sounds traveled through underground bedrock medium. Artificial explosion that travel through underground bedrock had an attenuation within high frequency bands in increase of a distance with multiple transmission paths phenomenon and inhomogeneity of geological status. In this paper, explosion experiment was made in underground tunnel to verify efficiency of proposed algorithm. The could certify the characteristics of artificial explosion sounds as extracted and numerically quantified the characterized parameter with collected sound sample that traveled through underground bedrock channel.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

In this study, the swimming behavior of a small box jellyfish (Carybdea brevipedalia), which consists of inhaling external seawater and expelling it through its mouth to generate forward thrust, was characterized using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The flow rate and structure during the suction and discharge process were quantitatively analyzed. During swimming, there was a change in the ratio of the internal area during inhalation and expulsion. Specifically, there was a 1.10-fold difference between the maximum area after inhalation and the minimum area after discharge. The maximum distance traveled after discharge was inversely proportional to the size of the inner area, with a 2.48-fold difference in the minimum distance traveled after suction. Depending on the propulsion stage, the inner area decreased and then increased in proportion to the moving distance and speed. The moving distance of the small box jellyfish was measured for each period. The speed for each swimming stage increased and then decreased at intervals of 0.15 to 0.2 seconds, and the suction and discharge cycle period was measured at approximately 0.5 seconds. Collectively, our findings provide a methodological basis for studying the swimming behavior of small and highly active trailing jet jellyfish, as well as the biological mechanisms that determine this behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.694-702
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• 2014

Since Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center (GIR) of Korea was founded in 2010, the annual greenhouse gas inventory reports, one of the collections of GIR's major affairs, have been published from 2012. In the reports many items related to greenhouse gas emission quantities are included, but among them uncertainty values are replaced to basic values which IPCC guideline suggests. Even though IPCC guideline suggests the equations of each Tier level in details, the guideline recommends developing nation's own methodology on uncertainty which is closely related to statistical problems such as the estimation of a probability density function or Monte carlo methods. In the road transportation sector the emissions have been calculated by Tier 1 but the uncertainties have not been reported. This study introduce a bootstrap technique and Monte carlo method to estimates annual emission quantity and uncertainty, given activity data and emission factors such as annual traveled distances, fuel efficiencies and emission coefficients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.666-668
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• 1998

In this paper, we consider a bi-objective vehicle routing problem to minimize total distance traveled and maximize minimum integrated satisfaction level of selecting desirable routes in an fuzzy graph. The fuzzy graph reflects a real delivery situation in which there are a depot, some demand points, paths linking them, and distance and integrated satisfaction level are associated with each route. For solving the vi-objective problem we introduce a concept of routing vector and define non-dominated solution for comparing vectors. An efficient algorithm involving a selection method of non-dominated solutions based on DEA is proposed for the vehicle routing problem with rigid distance and integrated satisfaction level.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2007

This work intends to investigate the effects of shift characteristics on the propulsion performance of a manual wheelchair with an automatic transmission. A planetary gear train is employed to generate a two-stage shift automatically, based on the distance traveled from rest. Motion analysis has been performed for measuring kinematic properties of the arm and then the inverse dynamics has been applied for estimating joint forces/torques. Then, a parametric study has been performed to find a set of the shift ratios and the shift intervals for optimizing propulsion performance. Results show that the propulsion performance is closely related to the shift condition. It is found that a short shift interval is desirable for a short distance propulsion. However, an optimum shift interval for a long distance propulsion is inversely proportional to the shift ratio approximately. Consequently, the automatic transmission can greatly lower the joint loadings by the speed reduction, which eventually contribute to prevent joint injuries of wheelchair users.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.334-335
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• 2021

In this paper, the distance traveled by a vehicle in an area where a part of the road is cut is measured using the motion of a parabola. Here, when a car running at a constant speed passes over the edge of a broken road, how far it goes from the edge of the road to fall was calculated.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2015

M125 booster is one of the reliable S&A device(safety and arming device) to determine the arming distance of fuze for gun ammunitions from 90 mm to 8 inch in diameter. And it is also well known that the arming distance of M125 booster is determined by the multiplication value of the gun tube property(traveled distance per turn of projectile) and the S&A device property(number of turns to arm), not by the projectile muzzle velocity. We have tried and succeeded in executing a proper analysis on M125 booster to figure out its characteristic constant of arming distance by considering only the gun tube properties and the S&A device properties. More detailed arming distance will be analyzed in the future by considering dynamic characteristics on all elements in the S&A device with vector analysis.