• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.238-242
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• 2009

The effect of earthworm and dung beetle on cattle dung pat decomposition was assessed by combining quantification of earthworm density and with or without dung beetle in pats and measurements of the decomposition rate of these pats. Cattle dung decomposition rate was higher in the pots treated with both earthworm and dung beetle than in the pots with either earthworm or beetle alone. After dung beetle and earthworm activity, the growth of oat in earthworm with dung beetle treatment was similar effect with fertilizer treatment. Dung beetle was responsible for dung decomposition until 78% moisture content in the dung, earthworm was responsible for up to 30% moisture of dung, and two group were not shown any activity for decomposition less 30% moisture content of dung. Therefore dung in the different periods could be broken down by each group. The disappearance and conveyance of dung by earthworm and dung beetle was 72% of the initial dung amount. 10.2% of 72% dung was used making brood balls by dung beetle. Earthworm activity was not an impediment on making brood balls by dung beetles. The interaction of earthworm and dung beetle may have a complementary cooperation rather than competition in the same dung pat. Indeed, development of earthworm accelerate to coexist with dung beetles instead without dung beetles. From this result, maximum benefits of the effective earthworm and dung beetle can be achieved, it is needed to preserve population of earthworm and dung beetles in pasture to sustainable agricultural environment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2005

The dung beetle species living in grazing pasture in Korea and their life cycle such as characteristics of habitation and hibernation were investigated for five year. Eleven species belonging to five genera of dung beetles were found in the grazing pasture. They started to appear around the middle of April when grazing begins on pasture. Dung booties kept on laying eggs until the beginning of August and maintained their activity until the end of October. They passed the winter as a form of an imago twenty five to thirty centimeters under the ground. Loamy soil and sandy soil containing plenty of humus were prefered as a hibemaculum by them. Five genera of dung beetles. Aprodius spp, Onthophagus spp., Liatongus spp., Copris spp., Scarabaeus spp. were found and observed in s study. Three species of them like Scarabaeus affinis had more an twenty eight millimeter long body, and the body length of five species like Copris tripartitus were between ten and twenty millimeters. Three species of them like Apodius sublimbatus were had the body length of less than ten millimeters. The results of indoor experiments to study propagation power of dung beetle showed that the optimum temperature for propagation of Copris ochus and Copris tripartitus were between twenty and thirty degrees and the lowest temperature for living of dung beetle was eighteen degrees while e highest temperature being thirty five degrees. A light did not effect the propagation power of dung beetles.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2013

Actinofuranone C (1), a new 3-furanone-bearing polyketide, was isolated from an actinobacterium (Amycolatopsis sp.) associated with a female of the dung beetle, Copris tripartitus Waterhouse. The structure of actinofuranone C was elucidated by the spectroscopic interpretation of NMR, mass, UV, and IR data. The discovery of actinofuranone C indicates that chemical investigation of insect-associated microorganisms would be an effective strategy to explore natural chemical diversity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.772-781
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• 2016

Dung beetle (Catharsius molossus, CA) is a well-known group of insects thanks to their exploitation of animal feces, a behavioral trait with a global impact on earth′s ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of CA extract on a high-fat diet in SD rats. Male rats were divided into 5 groups. Animals were fed on a high-fat diet for seven weeks before and dung beetle extract for a month during the administration. Weight gain was decreased in ethanol extract from CA group. Administration of CA extract reduced the organ weight of testis and kidney, and adipose tissue weight. Lipid oxidative stress was evaluated measuring malondialdehyde level in liver. There were no significant differences in groups. Protein oxidative stress was evaluated measuring protein carbonyl content in blood. The protein carbonyl in blood was significantly decreased in ethanol and acetone extracted dung beetle groups (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the protein carbonyl in hepatocyte was not significant among the groups. Fibronectin and laminin by using D-HUVEC cell in vitro were measured by ELISA assay. There was significance in CA extract. The level of IL-10, IL-1β, VEGF, eNOS was evaluated by ELISA. There was significance in IL-10 compared to control (p<0.05). SOD and GPx tended to increase by CA extract. Furthermore, CAT was increased significantly by CA extract (p<0.05). After administration of CA extracts the composition of saturated fatty acid in adipose tissue tend to decrease, while unsaturated fatty acid increases. In conclusion, dung beetle had anti-hyperglycemia effects of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2004

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2018

Anti-diabetes activity of Catharsius molossus (Ca, a type of dung beetle) glycosaminoglycan (G) was evaluated to reduce glucose, creatinine kinase, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in db mice. Diabetic mice in six groups were administrated intraperitoneally: Db heterozygous (Normal), Db homozygous (CON), Heuchys sanguinea glycosaminoglycan (HEG, 5 mg/kg), dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (CaG, 5 mg/kg), bumblebee (Bombus ignitus) queen glycosaminoglycan (IQG, 5 mg/kg) and metformin (10 mg/kg), for 1 month. Biochemical analyses in the serum were evaluated to determine their anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory actions in db mice after 1 month treatment with HEG, CaG or IQG treatments. Blood glucose level was decreased by treatment with CaG. CaG produced significant anti-diabetic actions by inhiting creatinine kinase and alkaline phosphatase levels. As diabetic parameters, serum glucose level, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased in CaG5-treated group compared to the controls. Dung beetle glycosaminoglycan, compared to the control, could be a potential therapeutic agent with anti-diabetic activity in diabetic mice. CaG5-treated group, compared to the control, showed the up-regulation of 48 genes including mitochondrial yen coded tRNA lysine (mt-TK), cytochrome P450, family 8/2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 (Cyp8b1), and down-regulation of 79 genes including S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100a9) and immunoglobulin kappa chain complex (Igk), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoenzymeAsynthase1 (Hmgcs1). Moreover, mitochondrial thymidine kinase (mt-TK), was up-regulated, and calgranulin A (S100a9) were down-regulated by CaG5 treatment, indicating a potential therapeutic use for anti-diabetic agent.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.217-221
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• 2008

Dung beetle larvae at the $3^{rd}$ instar were injected with lipopolysaccaride and inducible proteins were examined within a pI level of 3-10 and a size level by proteomics, including 1-D SDS PAGE analysis and antibacterial assay. The immune infected larvae extracts provided seven protein bands in one-dimensional electrophoresis and its antibacterial activity also checked. Hemolymph protein from immune infected larvae of the dung beetle were separated by twodimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with those from native larvae. In 2-D gel electrophoresis, we detected 63 immune infected unique and 32 up-regulated proteins, and 36 proteins that were down-regulated or not present in treated gel. Ten protein spots from unique proteins and those presented as different level of abundance in infected and native larvae were specially expressed. These differentially expressed proteins were proposed to be involved in the defense mechanism against microorganism.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.spc
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• pp.148-151
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• 2017

Assocations of wingless mites with winged arthropods highlight important life history strategies and ecological interactions. Here we report a mesostigmatan mite species association with an earth-boring dung beetle. Mite spciemens were collected from the soil of organic apple orchards in the Province of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea, and cattle dung was collected from grassland in Mongolia. The species was identified as Alliphis necrophilus Christie, 1983 (Acari: Eviphididae). This is the first report of any species in the genus Alliphis in Korea. Some descriptive details and ecological remarks are also provided.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2008

A novel beetle antimicrobial protein from stimulated Copris tripartitus and the corresponding gene were isolated in parallel through differential display-PCR and expression in Escherichia coli. To find cDNA clones responsible for bacteria resistance, the suppression subtractive hybridization and GeneFishing differentially expressed genes system were employed in the dung beetle, Copris tripartitus immunized with lipopolysaccaride. One cDNA clone from eight subtracted clones was selected through dot blot analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis. The 516-bp, selected cDNA clone was determined by 5' and 3' rapid amplication of cDNA ends and cloned into the GST fusion expression vector pGEX-4T-1 for expression of the protein. The expressed protein was predicted 14.7 kDa and inhibited the growth of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results implied that the expressed protein is related to immune defense mechanism against microorganism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2000

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