• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2009

Energy saving and environment-friendly dyeing method of cotton with reactive dyes is the ultra low liquor ratio dyeing because it reduces the total quantity of water, dye, salt and alkali during the dyeing process in the effluent as well as the energy consumption. However, this method may not guarantee the quality of the dyeing results due to the specs or unlevel dyeing depending upon the dyes used. The study has focused on the effect of leveling agents in the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes under the ultra low liquor ratio (1:5). Especially Sunfix N/B MF-D which was selected for ULLR showed low-leveled dyeing comparing with the other MF-D series. A leveling agent having polycarbonate structure increased LDF values of Sunfix N/B MF-D without changing of dyeing fastness. We recommend some leveling agents to improve the leveling behavior for ULLR dyeing.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

Of all the ways that energy is consumed within textile industry, few are as high energy-expending as dyeing process. The energy consumption in dyeing process amounts to 77% of total fuel consumption, 54% of total electricity use. A technical development in terms of efficient saving energy and time as well is required in the process of dyeing textiles. Recently, dyeing experts are investigating new technologies can conserve energy grafting into microwaves, radio waves, infrared lights, etc. Dyeing industry in Korea, however, the research related to energy conservation has been rarely conducted. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the possibility where especially microwaves could be applied to reduce the energy use and enhance dyeing process skill. This study performs the experiment in which microwave is employed as heating condition in dyeing and figures out as color yield being promoted, bathochromic effect would be achieved. Applying microwaves in dyeing process is expected to lower the carbon emission, energy and time wasted, ultimately exalt economic efficiency.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.78-86
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• 2006

Coffee extract dyeing on silk fabric using various mordanting agents at different mordanting condition was studied in our previous research. Coffee extract dyeing can exert beautiful colors and have several advantages over the conventional natural dyeing. Since most of natural dyes are expensive for mass production, strongly season and source dependent, and hard to store, and therefore, coffee waste was used as natural dye to create beautiful colors in this study. Coffee waste is inexpensive and easy to store, and provide a comparatively regular quality regardless of season and source. The effects of dyeing condition such as dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and liquor ratio on dyeing characteristics of silk fabrics were investigated. Coffee extract dyed silk showed brilliant colors, and the colors were different with the kind of mordant. Cu, Sn, and Al mordanted silks showed golden yellow with subtle change of hue and value, while Fe mordanted silk showed a brownish green color upon coffee extract dyeing. As the dyeing temperature increased, the dyeability generally increased in all mordanted silk fabrics except Fe mordanted silk until $45^{\circ}C$. The dyeing temperature did not affect the dyeability of Fe mordanted silk fabric. As the liquor ratio increased, the dyeability showed a gradual increase in all mordanted silk except Cu mordanted silk. Cu mordanted silk fabric showed an abrupt increase in dyeability at liquor ratio1:150. The dyeing time effect can be separated into 2 stages. During the initial half an hour, the dyeability did not change significantly, and then, increased after 45 min. dyeing time duration. A further increase in dyeing time after 45 min. did not affect the dyeing efficiency in all mordanted silk fabrics except the Cu mordanted.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2010

In this study the optimum dyeing conditions and blocking effect of UV deodorization efficiency of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb were investigated. Colorants were water-extracted from Ligustrum japonicum Thunb fruit and freeze-drided to obtain colorants powder. The effects of dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and the number of dipping count were studied. Fastness to dry cleaning, rubbing, perspiration, and light were measured according to KS K 0644, KS K 0650, KS K 0715 and KS K 0700, respectively. In order to examine the dyeability according to dyeing conditions, reflectance of fabrics were measured by using UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The bath ratio was 1:20. Dyeing concentration was 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500% on the weight of fiber. Dyeing time was 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes. Dyeing temperature was 20, 40, 60, 80, and $100^{\circ}C$. The infrared high pressure dying machine was used. As dyeing concentration increased, dye adsorption increased up to 400% and it slowed down. Dye uptake was increased with raising themperature up to $80^{\circ}C$ and it slowed down. Dye adsorption occurred rapidly at first 20 minutes and then it slowed down and reached almost maximum dye uptake at 60 min. Dye uptake increased by repeated dyeing. Therefore, it is considered that optimum dyeing condition is 400%(o.w.f.), $80^{\circ}C$, 60 min. And repeated dyeing improves dye uptake. Color fastness to dry cleaning and rubbing was good, but light fastness and perspiration fastness was not good. Blocking effect of ultraviolet radiation and deodorization efficiency was good.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 2003

Ultramicrofiber(UMF) PET knitted fabric and regular PET plain woven fabric as reference sample were impregnated with waterborne polyurethane(PU) in a two-step process with dyeing/PU treatment and PU treatment/dyeing to investigate the effect of the treatment sequence. The waterborne PU impregnated fabrics were dyed with two kinds of vat and disperse dyes to investigate the dyeing properties and the dyeing fastnesses. In vat dyeing the rank of color strength(K/S) was in order of dyeing/PU impregnation > dyeing only > PU impregnation/dyeing, whereas in case of disperse dyeing, the order was dyeing/PU impregnation > PU impregnation/dyeing >dyeing only. Wash fastness of vat dyeing showed a higher 2-3 grade than disperse dyeing, while rubbing and light fastnesses were not good for disperse dyes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1774-1780
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• 2009

The dyeing properties of cotton fabric with Inonotus obliquus are studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptakes such as, the concentration of Inonotus obliquus, dyeing temperature, time, and pH values. In addition, the effects of mordants on dye uptakes and antibacterial activities are also investigated. The results are summarized as follows: The dye uptakes of dyed fabrics were increased gradually with an increasing concentration of Inonotus obliquus. K/S values were the highest when the dyeing temperature and time were at $60^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes, respectively. As for the changes of pH values of dyeing solution, K/S values recorded the highest at pH3-pH5. Antibacterial activities of Inonotus obliquus dyeing solution showed a significant effect in dyed cotton fabric with mordanting.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2003

The effect of padding solution on the microwave heat dyeing of polyester fabric was studied extensively. Polyester fabrics were impregnated in aqueous urea solution and aqueous sodium chloride solution for 10 min and then dyed for 7 min by microwave apparatus (2450 MHz, 700 W) under optimum conditions which provide good exhaustion. Aqueous solutions of urea and sodium chloride showed more effective than water as a padding solution for microwave heat dyeing. The type of solvent added in padding media and its concentration significantly affects the K/S values of dyed polyester fabric. Added solvents such as n-hexane, acetone, and dimethyl formamide were also more effective than 100 % water as padding media for the microwave heat dyeing. It is supposed that the effect of used solvents on dyeing property of polyester fabrics depends on the solubility parameter difference between solvent and polyester fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.20-27
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• 1997

As a non-aqueous dyeing method, organic solvent dyeing was discussed, The dye uptakes on PET and the solubilities of C. I. Disperse Violet 1 in 24 kinds of organic solvents including water were investigated, and the partition coefficients in PET- solvents system were also obtained from their isotherms. Contrary to in the other solvents, the dye uptake of C. I. Disperse Violet 1 on PET in hexane was even much higher, and also considerable in cyclohexane. The logarithmic plot of the dye uptakes versus the solubilities showed that the dye uptakes are linear and inversely proportional to the solubilities. The effect of $T_g$ decrease of PET in organic solvents to dye uptake seems to be very small relative to the effect of solubility, and so negligible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.336-346
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• 2011

Dyeing properties of protein fiber with bamboo colorants were studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions such as dye concentration, dyeing temperatures, times on dye uptakes, effect of mordants, and color change. The various colorfastness of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use. In addition, the antimicrobial ability, ultraviolet-cut ability, and deodorant ability were estimated. The dye uptake increased as the dyeing concentration increased. Bamboo colorants showed relatively good affinity to protein fiber and produced a yellow color. Dye uptake increased as the dyeing time and temperature increased. Post-mordanting was more effective than pre-mordanting. Mordants, Fe and N.Fe, were effective for increasing dye uptake. The color of fabric mordanted with Cu and N.Cu changed to GY. Colorfastness of dyed fabrics showed a relatively good rating, and mordanting had no significant effect on colorfastness. Dyed silk fabric showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%. Also, ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability were improved in silk fabric dyed with bamboo extracts.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.542-546
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• 2005

This study was investigated to establish the optimum conditions of dyeing silk fabric with Brassica campestris. This experiment was done under different dyeing conditions of dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyeing repeating times, and mordants which were treated pre, syn, and post methods. The effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting were evaluated in terms of dyeaffinity(K/S value) and CIE-Lab color factors. Also, the effect of mordanting on color fastnesses was assessed. The dyeaffinity increased remarkably as dye concentration increased up to 200% owf. The dyeaffinity increased continuously with dyed temperature and reached dyeing equilibrium at $80^{\circ}C$. The maximum dyeaffinity was observed at 30minutes of dyeing time. In the relationship between the K/S value and dyeing repeating times, the K/S value became higher as repeating time was increased. The changes of surface color and colorfatness of dyes were not increased greatly on all mordanting states. The extracts of Brassica campestris produced mainly yellow color in silk fabric. The antimicrobial activity existed slightly as the ratio of 22.7%.