• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2000

The present studt was performed to investigate the effect of treatment and samples of human follicular fluid (hFF) on the development in vitro of mouse embryos. The two cell stage embryos collected at 40 h post-hCG injection were cultured in the modified human tubal fluid (m-RTF) containing 15% synthetic serum substitute (SSS) or human tubal fluid (hFF) for up to 3 days at $37^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Also the composition of hormone, total protein and protein pattern of hFF samples were analyzed. The developmental rate of mouse embryos developed to blastocyst were not significant difference in the m-RTF containing 15% hFF filtered with 0.22 or 0.8 ${\mu}m$ syringe filter, however, the embryos cultured in the m-RTF containing inactivated hFF were significantly (p<0.05) developed at the high rate to blastocyst than those containing fresh hFF and SSS. The in vitro developmental rate to blastocyst and hatched blastocyst in the m-RTF containing 15% hFF sample A (90.5 and 85.4%, respectively) and SSS (79.4 and 75.3, respectively) were significantly (p<0.05) increased, compared with hFF sample B (64.2 and 54.1 %, respectively). The hFF sample A tended to be higher concentration of LH, FSR, total protein and the ratio of progesterone/$E_2$ and lower concentration of $E_2$ and progesterone than the hFF sample B, but there were no differences in the protein pattern between the two hFF samples. The results of these study suggest that the addition of hFF to the culture medium enhances the development in vitro to blastocyst and hatched blastocyst, but the in vitro developmental rate of mouse embryos is different between hFF samples.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.495-505
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• 2006

In order to classify aerosol type, Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and Fine mode Fraction (FF), which is the optical thickness ratio of small particles$(<1{\mu}m)$ to total particles, data from MODIS (MODerate Imaging Spectraradiometer) aerosol products were analyzed over North-East Asia during one year period of 2005. A study area was in the ocean region of $20^{\circ}N\sim50^{\circ}N$ and $110^{\circ}E\simt50^{\circ}E$. Three main atmospheric aerosols such as dust, sea-salt, and pollution can be classified by using the relationship between AOT and FF. Dust aerosol has frequently observed over the study area with relatively high aerosol loading (AOT>0.3) of large particles (FF<0.65) and its contribution to total AOT in spring was up to 24.0%. Pollution aerosol, which is originated from anthropogenic sources as well as a natural process like biomass burning, has observed in the regime of high FF (>0.65) with wide AOT variation. Average pollution AOT was $0.31{\pm}0.05$ and its contribution to total AOT was 79.8% in summer. Characteristic of sea-salt aerosol was identified with low AOT (<0.3), almost below 0.1, and slightly higher FF than dust and lower FF than pollution. Seasonal analysis results show that maximum AOT $(0.33{\pm}0.11)$ with FF $(0.66{\pm}0.21)$ in spring and minimum AOT $(0.19{\pm}0.05)$, FF $(0.60{\pm}0.14)$ in fall were observed in the study area. Spatial characteristic was that AOT increasing trend is observed as closing to the eastern part of China due to transport of aerosols from China by the prevailing westerlies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 1995

Concentrations of total vitamin B-6 in human milk as well as individual, B-6 vitamers have important implications for the nutritional management of breast-fed(BF) infants. Vitamin B-6 status was assessed in 3 groups of infants : two groups preterm (PT) BF infants whose mothers were supplemented with 2 or 27mg pyridoxine(PN)-HCI ; a sub group of formula-fed (FF) PT infants. Mothers and infants were assessed weekly during the 28-day post feeding. Throughout the neonatal period, levels of total vitamin B-6 and percentages of pyridoxal(PL) in breast milk were lower in PT than T mothers, even in mothers supplemented with 27mg PN-HCI. Total vitamin B-6 levels in PT milk paralleled maternal supplementation but percentage distributions of B-6 vitamers did not change. Vitamin B-6 intakes of BF preterm infants paralleled their mothers' level of infants in the 2mg group was suggested by vitamin status parameters. Vitamin B-6 inadequacy of infants correlated with their plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate(PLP) levels and erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase(E-ALAT) activity; all parameters such as plasma PLP, PL/PLP ratio and stimulation % of E-ALAT were highest for FF PT infants. The positive correlation of vitamin B-6 levels in breast milk gestational age may contraindicate its adequacy for some PT infants.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.396-401
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• 2013

Alternating copolymers, poly[9-(2-octyl-dodecyl)-9H-carbazole-alt-4,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole] (PCD20TBT) and poly[9,10-bis-(2-octyl-dodecyloxy)-phenanthrene-alt-4,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole] (PN40TBT), were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The copolymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran and toluene. The maximum absorption wavelength and the band gap of PCD20TBT were 535 nm and 1.75 eV, respectively. The maximum absorption wavelength and the band gap of PN40TBT were 560 nm and 1.97 eV, respectively. The HOMO and the LUMO energy level of PCD20TBT were -5.11 eV and -3.36 eV, respectively. As for PN40TBT, the HOMO and the LUMO energy level of PCD20TBT were -5.31 eV and -3.34 eV, respectively. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on the blend of copolymer and PCBM (1 : 2 by weight ratio) were fabricated. The power conversion efficiencies of PSCs based on PCD20TBT and PN40TBT were 0.52% and 0.60%, respectively. The short circuit current density ($J_{SC}$), fill factor (FF) and open circuit voltage ($V_{OC}$) of the device with PCD20TBT were $-1.97mA/cm^2$, 38.2% and 0.69 V. For PN40TBT, the $J_{SC}$, FF, and $V_{OC}$ were $-1.77mA/cm^2$, 42.9%, and 0.79 V, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.440-448
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• 2004

In this paper, to make a solar cell of II-Ⅵ ZnTe compound semiconductor, we studied for the property of the transparent electrode(AZO) and Buffer layer(ZnO), and for reducing the energyband gap of optical absorber layer which are most effective on its efficiency. The ZnTe thin film was used the optical absorber layer of solar cell. Zn and Te were deposited using the co-sputtering method. The thin film was sputtered RF power of Zn/50W and Te/30W, respectively and a substrate temperature of foot under Ar atmosphere of 10mTorr. The energy band gap of the thin film was 1.73ev Then the thin film was annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ for 10sec under a vacuum atmosphere. The energy band gap of 1.67eV was achieved and the film composition ratio of Zn and Te was 32% and 68%. At the best condition, the Solar Cell was manufactured and the efficiency of 6.85% (Voc: 0.69V, Jsc: 21.408㎃/$cm^2$, Fill factor (FF): 0.46) was achieved.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2010

Poly [4,7-Di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole]-alt-1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene (PPVTBT) was synthesized by the Heck coupling reaction between 4,7-Di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole and 1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene. The maximum absorption and band gap of PPVTBT were 550 nm and 1.74 eV, respectively. The HOMO and LUMO energy level of PPVTBT were -5.24 eV and -3.50 eV, respectively. The photovoltaic device based on the blend of PPVTBT and (6)-1-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl)-{5}-1-phenyl[5,6]-$C_{61}$ (PCBM) (1 : 6 by weight ratio) was fabricated. The efficiency of device was 0.16%. The short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the device was $0.74mA/cm^{2}$, 31% and 0.71 V, respectively, under AM 1.5 G and 1 sun condition ($100mA/cm^{2}$).

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.192-195
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• 2012

We reported diborane ($B_2H_6$) doped wide bandgap hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (p-type a-SiOx:H) films prepared by using silane ($SiH_4$) hydrogen ($H_2$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) in a radio frequency (RF) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. We improved the $E_{opt}$ and conductivity of p-type a-SiOx:H films with various $N_2O$ and $B_2H_6$ ratios and applied those films in regards to the a-Si thin film solar cells. For the single layer p-type a-SiOx:H films, we achieved an optical band gap energy ($E_{opt}$) of 1.91 and 1.99 eV, electrical conductivity of approximately $10^{-7}$ S/cm and activation energy ($E_a$) of 0.57 to 0.52 eV with various $N_2O$ and $B_2H_6$ ratios. We applied those films for the a-Si thin film solar cell and the current-voltage characteristics are as given as: $V_{oc}$ = 853 and 842 mV, $J_{sc}$ = 13.87 and 15.13 $mA/cm^2$. FF = 0.645 and 0.656 and ${\eta}$ = 7.54 and 8.36% with $B_2H_6$ ratios of 0.5 and 1% respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

Poly[2,3-dimethyl-5,8-dithiophene-2-yl-quinoxaline-alt-9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene] (PFTQT) and poly[2,3-dimethyl-5,8-dithiophen-2-yl-quinoxaline-alt-10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazine (PPTTQT) based on 2,3-dimethyl-5,8-dithiophen-2-yl-quinoxaline weresynthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. All polymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene. The maximum absorption wavelength and band gap of PFTQT were 440 nm and 2.30 eV, and PPTTQT were 445 nm and 2.23 eV, respectively. The HOMO and LUMO energy level of PFTQT were -6.05 and -3.75 eV, and PPTTQT were -5,89 and -3.66 eV, respectively. The organic photovoltaic devices based on the blend of polymer and PCBM (1 : 2 by weight ratio) were fabricated. Efficiencies of devices were 0.24% (PFTQT) and 0.16% (PPTTQT), respectively. The short circuit current density ($J_{sc}$), fill factor (FF), and open circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$) of the device with PFTQT were $0.97mA/cm^2$, 29% and 0.86 V, and the device based on PPTTQT were $0.80mA/cm^2$, 28% and 0.71 V, 31% and 0.71 V, respectively, under air mass (AM) 1.5 G and 1 sun condition ($100mA/cm^2$).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2671-2676
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• 2011

Nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ spherical particle (NP) with a dimension of 5 ${\times}$ 5.5 nm and several nanorods (NR) with different aspect ratios (diameter ${\times}$ length: 5 ${\times}$ 8.5, 4 ${\times}$ 15, 4 ${\times}$ 18 and 3.5 ${\times}$ 22 nm) were selectively synthesized by a solvothermal process combined with non-hydrolytic sol-gel reaction. With varying the molar ratio of TTIP to oleic acid from 1:1 to 1:16, the NRs in the pure anatase phase were elongated to the c-axis direction. The prepared NP and NRs were applied for the formation of nanoporous $TiO_2$ layers in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Among them, NR2 ($TiO_2$ nanorod with 4 ${\times}$ 15 nm) exhibited the highest cell performance: Its photovoltaic conversion efficiency (${\eta}$) of 6.07%, with $J_{sc}$ of 13.473 mA/$cm^2$, $V_{oc}$ of 0.640 V, and FF of 70.32%, was 1.44 times that of NP with a size of 5 ${\times}$ 5.5 nm. It was observed from the transient photoelectron spectroscopy and the incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra that the $TiO_2$ films derived from NR2 demonstrate the longest electron diffusion length ($L_e$) and the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07d
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• pp.1370-1372
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• 1998

Boron doped CdS films were prepared by CBD(Chemical Bath Deposition) method using boric acid ($B_3HO_3$) as donor dopant source, and their properties were investigated. As-grown CdS films were highly adherent and specularly reflective. Boron doped CdS film which was fabricated under the condition of 0.01 $B_3HO_3/Cd(Ac)_2$ mole ratio, exhibited the lowest resistivity of $2{\Omega}cm$ and the highest optical bandgap of 2.41eV. Also, CdS/CdTe solar cells were fabricated with various doping concentration of CdS films. Using optimized CdS film as the window layer of CdS/CdTe solar cell, the characteristics of the cell were improved. ( $V_{oc}$=610mV, $J_{sc}$=37.5mA/cm, FF=0.4, $\eta$=9.1% )