• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2385-2392
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• 2012

The lack of effective treatment targets for triple-negative breast cancers make them unfitted for endocrine or HER2 targeted therapy, and their prognosis is poor. Transcription factor ER81, a downstream gene of the HER2, is highly expressed in breast cancer lines, breast atypical hyperplasia and primary breast cancers including triple-negative examples. However, whether and how ER81 affects breast cancer carcinogenesis have remained elusive. We here assessed influence on a triple-negative cell line. ER81-shRNA was employed to silence ER81 expression in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, and MTT, colony-forming assays, and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, colony-forming capability, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis in vitro. MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with ER81-shRNA were inoculated into nude mice, and growth inhibition of the cells was observed in vivo. We found that ER81 mRNA and protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells was noticeably reduced by ER81-shRNA, and that cell proliferation and clonality were decreased significantly. ER81-shRNA further increased cell apoptosis and the residence time in $G_0/G_1$ phase, while delaying tumor-formation and growth rate in nude mice. It is concluded that ER81 may play an important role in the progression of breast cancer and may be a potentially valuable target for therapy, especially for triple negative breast cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1999

The intention of this research is to give criteria of designing devices using ER fluids and MR fluids. The Properties of commercial ER fluids and MR fluids are compared using a rotational viscometer. The yield strength is compared upon changes of shear rate, temperature and applied fields. MR fluids seem less sensitive to temperature change than ER fluids. In cases of MR and ER fluid dampers, the time delay and damping force are measured in tension and compression mode when the applied field changes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.403-418
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• 1999

Fiber growth of Al2O3/R-Al-O(R=Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er) eutectic by the micro-pulling down methods is described. The thermal stability and strength at elevated temperature of each material is evaluated in relation to the microstructure. PACS: 81.05 Mh, 81.10 Fq, 81.30-t.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2407-2412
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• 2013

Background and Objectives: Data on associations between soy food intake after cancer diagnosis with breast cancer survival are conflicting, so we conducted this meta-analysis for more accurate evaluation. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted to find cohort studies of the relationship between soy food intake after cancer diagnosis and breast cancer survival. Data were analyzed with comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: Five cohort studies (11,206 patients) were included. Pooling all comparisons, soy food intake after diagnosis was associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.85, 95%CI 0.77 0.93) and recurrence (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.72 0.87). Pooling the comparisons of highest vs. lowest dose, soy food intake after diagnosis was again associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.84, 95%CI 0.71 0.99) and recurrence (HR 0.74, 95%CI 0.64 0.85). Subgroup analysis of ER status showed that soy food intake was associated with reduced mortality in both ER negative (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.64 0.88) and ER positive patients (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.72, 95%CI 0.61 0.84), and both premenopausal (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.78, 95%CI 0.69 0.88) and postmenopausal patients (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.81, 95%CI 0.73 0.91). In additioin, soy food intake was associated with reduced recurrence in ER negative (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.64, 95%CI 0.44 0.94) and ER+/PR+ (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.49 0.86), and postmenopausal patients (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.67, 95%CI 0.56 0.80). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that soy food intake might be associated with better survival, especially for ER negative, ER+/PR+, and postmenopausal patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 1996

Dynamic parameters of physiology including embryo ratio (ER), embryo length to endosperm length, dry weight ratio between embryo and endosperm (DWR) and respiration rate (RR) in American send (Panax quinquefolium L.) seed were investigated. According to the changes of ER during seed stratification, the duration of embryo afterripening could be divided into three stages as \circled1 embryo slow growth stage (ESGS), ER increased from 7.31% to 20.48% (0.16% day-1): \circled2 embryo rapid growth stage (ERGS), ER increased to 80.98% (0.61% day-1) (75G5+ ERGS=morphological afterripening stage (MP,5)) and \circled3pysiological afterripening stage (PAS), ER Increased to 88.50% (0.094 day-1) only. DWR Increased slowly from 0.20% to 2.76clp (0.016% day-1) in MAS and rapidly to 8.81% (0.061% day-1) in PAS. The RR correlated significantly with ER as well (r=0.8934 > rot, 0.6610). The steep increment of both DWR and RR in PAS indicated that the PAS was not a static stage although the ER was not changed too much. All of these may provide some information for understanding the dormancy mechanisms of American sting seed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Rheology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2002

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.411-428
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• 2022

This paper presents the Campbell diagram analysis of the rotordynamic system using the full order model (FOM) and the reduced order model (ROM) techniques to determine the critical speeds, identify the stability and reduce the computational time. Due to the spin-speed-dependent matrices (e.g., centrifugal stiffening matrix), several model order reduction (MOR) techniques may be considered, such as the modal superposition (MS) method and the Krylov subspace-based MOR techniques (e.g., Ritz vector (RV), quasi-static Ritz vector (QSRV), multifrequency quasi-static Ritz vector (MQSRV), multifrequency/ multi-spin-speed quasi-static Ritz vector (MMQSRV) and the combined Ritz vector & modal superposition (RV+MS) methods). The proposed MMQSRV method in this study is extended from the MQSRV method by incorporating the rotational-speed-dependent stiffness matrices into the Krylov subspace during the MOR process. Thus, the objective of this note is to respond to the question of whether to use the MS method or the Krylov subspace-based MOR technique in establishing the Campbell diagram of the shaft-disc-blade assembly systems in three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). The Campbell diagrams produced by the FOM and various MOR methods are presented and discussed thoroughly by computing the norm of relative errors (ER). It is found that the RV and the MS methods are dominant at low and high rotating speeds, respectively. More precisely, as the spinning velocity becomes large, the calculated ER produced by the RV method is significantly increased; in contrast, the ER produced by the MS method is smaller and more consistent. From a computational point of view, the MORs have substantially reduced the time computing considerably compared to the FOM. Additionally, the verification of the 3D FE rotordynamic model is also provided and found to be in close agreement with the existing solutions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-63
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• 1988

A total of 38 energy balance trials were done for calves fed a liquid milk replacer, calf starter and second cut mixed hay. Milk replacer supplied 81% of the total dietary energy. Live weight of calves averaged 54.1 (S.D 6.2) kg and daily gain 0.37 (${\pm}0.23$)kg. The metabolizability of gross energy averaged 0.822. A regression was calculated relating energy retention (ER, $kJ/kg^{0.75}$) to the intake of metabolizable energy (IME, $kJ/kg^{0.75}$): ER = 0.72 (${\pm}0.12$) IME - 330, r = 0.702, P < 0.01, $S.E.{\pm}18.0$. Metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) was calculated to be $458kJ/kg^{0.75}$ when ER = 0. The amount of IME over MEm for an individual animal (Meg, $kJ/kg^{0.75}$) was regressed on averaged daily gain (ADG, kg): Meg = 413 (${\pm}91$) ADG + 0.2, r = 0.650, P < 0.01, $S.E.{\pm}21$. The amount of ME requirement for suckling calves was estimated using values obtained above.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.400-405
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• 2021

In this study, the relationship between the growth of abalone and the presence of epibionts was investigated in abalone cultured in Goheung, Jeollanam-do, where there are severe problems high water temperatures and attachment. The experiment was conducted for eight months (May-December 2020), and 40 abalone were collected every month. Water temperature was at its highest at a range of 13.5℃-26.6℃ and dissolved oxygen levels were at their lowest at a range of 4.0-10.2 ㎍/L in August. The shell height (mm) of abalone grew to 117.7% (81.8 ± 1.9 mm) in cultures where epibionts were removed (ER) and 111% (77.4 ± 3.3 mm) where they were not (non-epibionts, NER). Their total weight (TW) and body weight increased significantly and steadily with ER, whereas the TW increased sharply after August with NER. In the condition index, no significant difference was observed between ER and NER. The monthly proportion of epibionts increased significantly in July, accounting for the value of 69.9% reached in December.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

This paper provides an investigation of torque transmission system using ERF (Electro-Rheological Fluid). The torque transmission system using ERF is a new conception device because an apparent viscosity of ERF can be changed by applying an electric field, We use the coaxial cylinder type in which the ERF fills the annular space between a pair of coaxial cylindrical electrodes and experiment results show that the measured torque was increased with the increase of the electric field. These are analyzed to provide guidelines to assist in the development of practical ER devices.