• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.2844-2853
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• 2023

A sophisticated Bayesian multilevel model for estimating group bias was developed to improve the utility of the ASTM E900-15 embrittlement trend curve (ETC) to assess the conditions of nuclear power plants (NPPs). For multilevel model development, the Baseline 22 surveillance dataset was basically classified into groups based on the NPP name, product form, and notch orientation. By including the notch direction in the grouping criteria, the developed model could account for TTS differences among NPP groups with different notch orientations, which have not been considered in previous ETCs. The parameters of the multilevel model and biases of the NPP groups were calculated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. As the number of data points within a group increased, the group bias approached the mean residual, resulting in reduced credible intervals of the mean, and vice versa. Even when the number of surveillance test data points was less than three, the multilevel model could estimate appropriate biases without overfitting. The model also allowed for a quantitative estimate of the changes in the bias and prediction interval that occurred as a result of adding more surveillance test data. The biases estimated through the multilevel model significantly improved the performance of E900-15.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.97-107
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• 2004

As one of the most serious urban problems, routine city traffic congestion causes not only unpleasantness but also damage with increases of road tolls. Recently, many TDM plans are being improved along with plans to more effectively utilize established facilities and maximize the effect. To achieve the purpose of Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS). Recently, the core of ITS is Advanced Traveler information Systems (ATIS.) that are activity researched. A development of various muti-media system is very important of road guideline. First of all a business processing for offering travel information and give a consideration to the United states of various muti-media systems.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.165-172
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• 2008

The decisive factor for the popularization of telematics services in the future isn the ability to produce advanced service that match the needs of drivers and passengers. The Dedicated Short Range Communication(DSRC)-type of wireless communication system, which is being developed for the Intelligent Transport System(ITS), is one of the broadband wireless systems contributing to the improvement of driver and passenger needs, such as convenience, entertainment, comfort and safety. In this paper, the possibility of applying this system to the traffic information collection service will be explored. Further, a description of the service design for the traffic information collection system using electronic toll collection service will be provided, in the knowledge that the existence of information communication equipment mounted vehicles will remain.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.253-257
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• 2008

지능형교통시스템 (Intelligent Transportation System: ITS) 은 도로 및 교통관리, 교통정보제공, 대중교통 및 화물차량의 운영 등 교통의 전 분야에 걸쳐 정보통신 기술, 센서 및 제어 기술을 접목함으로써 교통의 효율화와 물류비용의 절감을 목표로 하고 있다. 특히, 최근에는 전자 및 통신 기술 등 첨단기술을 활용하여 현행 교통체계를 첨단화하기 위한 노력이 빠르게 진행되고 있으며, ITS는 최근 위치정보의 폭넓은 보급과 유 무선통신기술의 발전에 따라 위치정보서비스, 텔레매틱스 서비스 등과의 결합을 통해 새로운 비즈니스 모델들을 탄생시키고 있다. 또한 기존에 중점적으로 추진되어 왔던 도로 및 차량 영역뿐만 아니라 ITS 아키텍처를 구성하는 다양한 하위 시스템들간의 통신 및 정보체계 표준화와 관계된 기술, 시스템, 서비스 등의 시장이 형성되기 시작하고 있다. 이중에서도 최근에는 이동통신기술의 발전과 복합단말의 발전을 통해 통합된 기능을 갖는 이동전화, PDA, 스마트단말 등의 개인단말 뿐만 아니라 도로와 차량내의 통신을 위한 차량탑재형 단말 등의 보급으로 단거리 무선통신기술과 스마트차드 기술을 이용한 자동요금징수시스템, 위치정보기술을 이용한 위치기반서비스, GPS를 이용하여 실시간 교통정보 서비스가 가능한 텔레매틱스 서비스 등은 본격적으로 시장을 형성해 나가고 있다. 이는 기존의 ITS 분야가 ETCS(Electric Toll Collection System), AVHS(Advanced Vehicle & Highway System), CVO(Commercial Vehicle Operation)등 교통 인프라에 초점을 맞추고 있었으나 그동안의 수익모델 부재 등으로 인해 사업자들의 적극적인 투자가 이루어지지 않아 ITS 시장 활성화에 어려움이 있어 왔다는 점을 고려해 볼 때 최근 위치정보를 이용한 사용자 서비스를 통해 민간 기업의 투자 참여와 일반 사용자들의 ITS 에 대한 관심이 매우 높아지고 있다는 점은 ITS 시장의 확대에 있어 매우 긍정적인 요인될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 ITS의 세계적인 개발 및 투자 추세, 국내의 추진 동향을 통해 살펴보고 이에 따른 국내 적용에 대한 시사점을 살펴보았다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2020

In this study, it focuses on the development of radiographic devices for patellar imaging. On the previous X-ray examination of patella and patellofemoral joint, it analyzed the problems which could affect the results: unstable patients' pose, radiation exposure, and deterioration of image quality. The purpose of the research is to propose a future use of a developed device with an explanation of the process, function, and advantage of the device including the methods. The device is developed to focus on the diagnosis of the longitudinal and longitudinal fractures of the patella and patella/femoral joint, displacement such as dislocation, bone formation, stenosis of the patella/femorla joint, and cartilage wear. Due to the patient's anxious posture, it caused a shaking image, overlapping structures, and etcs, these factors challenge to diagnose accurately. In addition, the existing Settegast method and Hughston method, which are most frequently performed in the hospital field, are not suitable for the presence or absence of features or dislocation due to the heavy load on the patella of the patient. The developed device requires patients in a lying position and placing only their leg on the device, it increases the conveniences of the examination and decreases unnecessary radiation exposure of the patient except the patellar examination area. Moreover, one of the systems in the device fixes the detector, where the patients no longer need to hold the detector nor be in unstable posture, but describes the structure of the patella/femoral joint more clearly. Hoping the device will apply to more patients.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

As communication technology, an enabling technology for ITS, becomes diversified with DSRC, CDMA, Wireless LAN, it is expected that type and function of ITS services will become gradually expanded. As a result, research and development of a standard platform that can provide support so that numerous communication technologies that are being used in various ITS services to receive various ITS services can be operated in one integrated terminal are being carried out. On Board Unit (OBU) for a recent standard platform was also built and tested recently. However, verification for standard suitability of the standard platform OBU that was developed must be carried out. Standard technology must be realized and sufficient functional and operational testing must be carried out in order to guarantee efficient operation in an actual ITS system and increase utilization of standard technology. Therefore, In this paper we had constructed test road and we had tested a standard platform OBU for a standard application.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1993

The tooth size and shape of the permanent incisor teeth have been studied and analyzed about the mean size, S.D, S.E, etcs and percentage from stone model of 100 Korean male and 74 Korean female. The results were as follows. 1. The crown length of permanent incisor teeth were longer in males than in females statistical differences of males and female were not found. 2. the mesio-distal diameters of permanent incisor teeth were larger in males than in females and statistical differences of males and females were found in mandibular lateral incisor and the bigest were max. central incisor, 2nd max. lateral incisor, 3rd man. lateral incisor and the smallest were man. central incisor. 3. The square form in max. central incisor was the greatest percentage and the tapering form in max. lateral incisor and man, incisor was the greatest percentage but tapering form and ovoid form and other shape were found in max. lateral at the same ratio. 4. Concerning the labial developmental groove "midium" was the greatest percentage in the max. central incisor and "low" was the greatest percentage in the man incisor. Concerning the incisal line, straight line was the greatest percentage in the max, incisor and man, incisor and concerning the lingual tubercle "none" was the greatest percentage in the max. incisor. 5. In comparison between left side and right side of incisor, the ratio of same shape ware 22.4%-36.2% but similar or dissimilar cases were more frequently found.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.4 s.90
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

As the rapid increase of highway investments from Private sector the organizations of highway operator became diversified, and thus causing various unexpected problems. Highways invested by private capitals have different fare rates and managing systems. It is desirable to reduce drivers' inconvenience using more than two sections of highways spread over different jurisdictions. The main purposes of this research are i) data survey and problem statements ii) prediction of future problems and preparing appropriate countermeasures. This research are divided into two parts. They are management system and fare collection system. Major investigations of this study are as follows, optimum toll operation models depend on charging systems and interchange shapes of two interconnecting expressways. Assuming that the current payment and the new electronic payment system aye used concurrently for a while, some alternatives for the inter-operation to collect tolls ate suggested focusing on the efficiency to tollway corporations as well as convenience to drivers. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives, including their characteristics, are compared.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.280-283
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• 2014

Cloud Computing virtualizes logical resources like cpu, memory and disks etcs from physical machines. This virtualization technology increases computing resource utilization and supports dynamic resource allocations. Because of these benefits, global cloud computing services like Amazon AWS, Google Cloud and Apple iCloud are prevalent. With this cloud Computing services, there has been a request about cloud migration between different cloud environments. If one service which operates in a cloud computing environment wants to migrate to another cloud environment, there should have been a compitability between two different cloud environment. but even global cloud computing services do not support this compitability. In this paper, we suggest a process and technology to cloud migrations based on open sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.736-743
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• 2016

In accordance with the trend of higher speed and automation, the Train Control System is building on the technology of control methods using radio in the technology of exchanging information by wire, toward a wireless communication method that will be applied using LTE-R radio communication technology with $4^{th}$ generation LTE mobile communication a $2^{nd}$ generation GSM-R. Therefore, a standard specification suitable for the Korea Radio based Train Control System-2(below KRTCS-2) for the 350km/h class using wireless communication is created; a prototype based on the standard specification is installed on a high-speed train and is installed on a test section(Ik san-Jeong eup) on the Honam high speed line to ensure the reliability and safety of the standard specifications, which are verified through various performance tests. In the future, the standard specification that has been established as a national railway standard, and the standard specifications will be commercialized by applying the train control system to conventional and High speed railway lines.