• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2007

고분자 전해질 연료전지의 성능에 영향을 주는 많은 인자들 중에서도 촉매층의 조성과 구조의 최적화는 성능변화에 큰 요인으로 작용 된다. 촉매층내 반응 활성점인 삼상계면을 형성시키기 위해 함침하는 Nafion binder를 anode와 cathode의 두 전극에 이온당량(Equivalent weight, EW)이 동일하게 함침시켜 그 성능을 확인하였다. 그 결과를 토대로 anode와 cathode에 이온당량을 각기 다르게 하여 각각의 전극마다 이온당량이 미치는 영향에 대해서도 살펴보았다. Anode와 cathode의 이온당량을 동일하게 EW1100, EW1000, EW900으로 변화 시켜주었을 경우 이온당량의 물성치가 상대적으로 향상된 EW900의 단위 전지 성능이 가장 우수하였으며, 이온당량이 EW900이었을 때 최적의 Nafion binder 함침량은 EW1100의 Nafion binder 함침량과 동일하였다. Anode와 cathode에 함침하는 Nafion binder의 이온당량을 각각 EW1100과 EW900, EW900과 EW1100으로 MEA를 제조하여 전극에 따라 이용당량이 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1557-1562
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weaning times on the growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbial communities of yellow cattle calves. Methods: Eighteen calves were assigned to a conventional management group that was normally weaned (NW, n = 3) or to early weaned (EW) group where calves were weaned when the feed intake of solid feed (starter) reached 500 g ($EW_{500}$, n = 5), 750 g ($EW_{750}$, n = 5), or 1,000 g ($EW_{1,000}$, n = 5). Results: Compared with NW, the EW treatments increased average daily gain (p<0.05). The calves in $EW_{750}$ had a higher (p<0.05) starter intake than those in $EW_{1,000}$ from wk 9 to the end of the trial. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids in $EW_{750}$ were greater than in NW and $EW_{1,000}$ (p<0.05). The EW treatments decreased the percentage of acetate (p<0.05). The endogenous enzyme activities of the rumen were increased by EW (p<0.05). EW had no effect on the number of total bacteria (p>0.05), but changes in bacterial composition were found. Conclusion: From the present study, it is inferred that EW is beneficial for rumen fermentation, and weaning when the feed intake of the starter reached 750 g showed much better results.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.77.3-77.3
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• 2019

We present an analysis of the stellar population of compact elliptical galaxies (cEs) in various environments. Following conventional selection criteria of cEs, we created a list of cE candidates in the redshift range of z < 0.05 using SDSS DR12 catalog. We finally selected cEs with low-luminosity (Mg > 18.7 mag), small effective radius (Re < 600 pc), and high velocity dispersion (> 60 kms-1). We divide our cE sample into those inside and outside of the one virial radius of the bright (Mr < -21 mag) nearby host galaxy which is then defined as cEs with (cEw) and without (cEw/o) host galaxy, respectively. We investigated the stellar population properties of cEs based on the Hb, Mgb, Fe 5270, and Fe 5335 line strengths from the OSSY catalog. We found that cEw has a systematically higher metallicity than cEw/o. In the velocity dispersion-Mgb distribution, while cEw/o follows the relation of early-type galaxies, cEw are found to have a systematically higher metallicity than cEw/o at a given velocity dispersion. The different feature in the metallicity between cEw and cEw/o can suggest that two different scenarios can be provided in the formation of cEs. cEw would be the remnant cores of the massive progenitor galaxies that their outer parts have been tidally stripped by massive neighbor galaxies (i.e., nurture origin). On the other hand, cEw/o are likely to be faint-end of early-type galaxies maintaining in-situ evolution (i.e., nurture origin).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.5 s.84
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• pp.37-44
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• 2005

The electrolytic water(EW) has been used in agriculture, medical, semiconductor, and household fields. However there has been no use of EW in the textile process so far, because the application in the textile industry has been needed a large amount of EW in real process conditions. Recently, we have got electrolytic oxidation water(EOW) and electrolytic reduction water(ERW) by development of a electricity electron technology. And, the productivity of EW manufacture apparatus is arrived to large capacity. As a result, the application of EW could be possible in the textile industry. In this study, to confirm the possibility of application of EW, we scoured and hydrolyzed PET fabric using the EW. It was possible that the application of ERW for the scouring and hydrolysis of PET fabrics in the textile process.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63.1-63.1
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• 2020

We investigate the effect of recent star formation (RSF) on the α-elements-to-iron ratio ([α/Fe]) estimation for galaxies. Measuring galactic [α/Fe] is a powerful tool to pinpointing the timescale of chemical evolution and star formation. Our working hypothesis is that, with increasing stellar surface temperature, absorption equivalent width (EW) of α-elements decreases faster than that of Fe-peak elements, and thus RSF will lower the line ratio of EW(α)/EW(Fe). Moreover, young stars outshine, effectively lowering EW(α)/EW(Fe) of integrated light of RSF galaxies. Here we test our hypothesis using SDSS (optical spectrophotometric), GALEX (UV photometric) and IllustrisTNG datasets, and show that, if RSF is not considered thoroughly, EW(α)/EW(Fe) lowered by RSF can be routinely misinterpreted as low [α/Fe]. We discuss possible implications of the result in the context of the conventional [α/Fe]-mass relation of galaxies.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.6 s.91
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

Electrolytic water(EW), studied in recent decades in the Japan, Russia and United State of America, have shown promise as a method of disinfection whereby low levels of free chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, or hypochlorous acid may be produced in situ in Nacl-containing solution. These methods have shown promise in destruction of microorganisms in medical, dental environment, and in the agriculture and food industry. A recently EW treatment system was evaluated for reducing scouring agent and other surfactants in the washing and scouring process of textile industry Unfortunately, there is, to my knowledge, no serious studies of the properties of EW for textile industry In order to study the characteristics of EW and confirm the possibility of applications in textile industry processes, the pH, surface activity, penetration force, surface tension, and contact angle of EW was measured under various conditions. In general terms, What all this shows is that there is fundamental difference between the properties of EW and that of distilled water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 1984

In order to obtain an information for the improvement of wives' meal management especially in dual-income families, the survey was carried out through questionaires to 159 married women teachers(employed wives: EW) and 157 housewives(HW) in Daejeon city, from the Sep. 20 to 30, 1983. Most of the two groups' wives did not plan menu(74.7 %), and considered taste firstly when meal preparation and food buying. In EW, time was more considered than the other points for meal preparation and cookbook was more used than other sources of cooking methods, while in HW, cost, and, the mass media (p<0.01). Among 6 convenience foods, sausage, ham were used more frequently in EW and instant noo-dles and fried fish cake, in EW. Both the two groups' dietary pattern of three meals was similar, but much more of the EW(56.1 %) purchased foods for between meals rather than prepared at home in comparision with the HW. Almost all the HW prepared three meals themselves but the EW did not so. In the EW, husband and mother-in-law often assisted with meal-related activities, but in the HE, daughters (p<0.01) . HE spent more time on meal-related activities than do EW (Hw: 4.1 hrs/day, Ew·: 3.2 hrs/day) . The preparation time for supper was longest among three meals. As the problems of meal management, both the two groups' wives pointed 'too much time' (43.1 %), 'lack of nutrition knowledge '(42.8 %), but EW' husbands, 'no variety of cooking method'(42.8 %), while HW' husbands, 'lack of nutrition knowledge'(34.3 %).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.912-917
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• 2011

The sterilization efficacies of various washing solutions on the surfaces of vegetables such as sesame leaves, lettuce, and mini-cabbage were investigated. The washing solutions were tap water (TW), microbubble water (MB), electrolyzed water (EW), and microbubble electrolyzed water (MB＋EW). After Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus were artificially inoculated onto the surfaces of vegetables, each vegetable was washed for 1, 3, and 5 min with TW, MB, EW 100 (100 mg/L of available chlorine), EW 200 (200 mg/L of available chlorine), MB+EW 100, and MB＋EW 200. The washing efficacy of MB was slightly higher than that of TW, and EW was more effective than MB (p<0.05). In all instances, the sterilization efficacies of MB+EW 100 and MB+EW 200 were higher than those of EW 100 and EW 200 (p<0.05). Thus, MB+EW offers an effective means of reducing the studied microorganisms in a short time period. The MB＋EW washing method provides microbial reduction on the surfaces of various vegetables and enhances the microbiological safety of the vegetables.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2006

Disinfection of electrolyzed water (EW) on strawberry by immersion washing and quality changes during storage at $5^{\circ}\C$ was compared with one immersed in chlorine water and not treated. Total count of strawberry washed with EW by immersion in 10 volumes of EW for 20 min was decreased to about 2 log cycle compared to the untreated And rate of microbial growth during storage was lower than ethers. Decaying ratio in strawberry treated with electrolyzed low-alkalinewater (EW-2) showed lower as of 10% level after 5 days of storage compared) to the untreated and the treated with chlorine water (CW). Hardness in the treatment of EW was not changed significantly until 3 days of storage, after then rather increased. Change in surface color of strawberries was observed; L value in the CW treated and the untreated increased whereas it decreased in the treatment of EW. And color difference(${\Delta}E$) during storage was observed the lowest in the untreated until 3 days of storage. The initial value of residual chlorine in the treatment of EW was at the level of $0.04{\sim}0.06ppm$, and $1{\sim}3$ days later showed almost the equal value to level of $0.02{\sim}0.03ppm$ in all treatments. Sensory characteristic during storage was preferable on strawberry washed with EW (EW-1 and EW-2) to the other treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.785-792
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• 2010

This paper on the Research of Naval Electronic Warfare System HILS(Hardware In the Loop System) describes the EW engagement HILS construction method for evaluation of the operational concept analysis on active RF Decoy in staying in the air and the deceit ability to anti-ship missile seeker. We obtain the EW M&S technology of EW engagement HILS and EW efficiency analysis from this project. This Naval Electronic Warfare System HILS technology will support Active Decoy Development Project and any other HILS of EW weapon in KOREA ARMY/NAVY/AIR FORCE.