• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.331-351
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• 2002

It is widely recommended that teachers should actively mediate students' engagement with tools such as manipulative materials. This paper is to help to parse classroom life so that both social and psychological aspects are accounted for and coordinated. Building on the theory of affordances from ecological psychology and the activity theory from sociocultural perspectives, the main strategy of this paper is to view manipulative materials as simultaneously participating in social and psychological activity systems. Within these activity systems it is charted how both mathematical affordances related to the structure of mathematical concepts and ecological affordances related to socially situated classroom practices need to be considered by teachers in effective mediation of mathematical manipulatives. This paper has three major sections. The first section develops a theoretical extension of Gibson's theory of affordances from natural to social environments. The second section introduces mathematical and ecological affordances using empirical data from a grade two elementary school classroom. The third section illustrates the need of coordinating the two affordances as embedded in different activity systems.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.80-83
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• 2000

Decision-makers in ecological system and social system have complex interactions and relations. Such interactions and relations are not predefined but dynamically constructed. We consider what relation-s are constructed or destroyed and how the relations change. Therefore, we focus on the formation and collapse of relations as one of the emergent phenomena of social or ecological complex phenomena. Game theory is the best way of analyzing phenomena in terms of interactions. However, it is difficult to analyze the dynamical system by game theory. Consequently, we propose Selecting Game with agents as players based on game theory. In this model, the relations among agents are not predefined but constructed by selecting subgames. As a result, we confirmed that the entire relation among agents is constructed by the agents＇ changing partial relations and that the relations dynamically change.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 1979

The original concept and theory of Shannon's function H=-$\Sigma$(i-1,n)Pi, log$\_$2/Pi and its applicable domains in ecology are discussed. The confusions exist in use and interpretation of this function are due to: 1. Mixing the idea of proper ecological diversity with that of Shannon's information theory. 2. Confusion of physical or thermodynamical systems with ecological systems. 3. Confusion of the system from which one had calculated function H with the system of which function H is interpreted. It's proposed to use function H for the comparison of community's structure and so, for the distinction of community's evolution (succession) steps.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

In this paper we study a four dimensional tourism-based social-ecological dynamical system. In fact we analyse tourism profitability, compatibility and sustainability by using bifurcation theory in terms of structural properties of attractors of system. For this purpose first we transformed it into a three dimensional system such that the reduced system is the extended and modified model of the previous three dimensional models suggested for tourism with the same dimension. Then we investigate transcritical, pitchfork and saddle-node bifurcation points of system. And numerically by finding some branches of stable equilibria for system show the profitability of tourism industry. Then by determining the Hopf bifurcation points of system we find a family of stable attractors for that by numerical techniques. Finally we conclude the existence of these stable limit cycles implies profitability and compatibility and then the sustainability of tourism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the conservation priorities of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul both from an ecological and public perspective. To this end, two methodologies, ecological network analysis based on graph and circuit theory and accessibility analysis, were employed in order to assess ecological connectivity of and public accessibility to unexecuted parks, respectively. This study applied linkage-mapping methods (shortest path and current flow betweenness centrality) of connectivity analysis to an integrated map of landscape permeability. The population-weighted accessibility to unexecuted parks was measured based on a negative exponential distance decay function. As a result, for both ecological connectivity and accessibility, Gwanaksan, Suraksan, and Bulamsan urban natural parks are found to be the most important (rank 1-3) to be conserved. For these sites, inner park areas with conservation priorities for connectivity and accessibility were identified. The findings of the study can be used for giving conservation priority to the unexecuted urban parks in terms of long-term sustainable urban planning.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2019

Purpose: This study tries to systematically understand factors that explain levels of happiness among pregnant women in the Ecological systems theory. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 169 pregnant women in Korea. Collected data from self-report questionnaires were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS statistics 23 program. Results: A total of 5 models were examined according to individual, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem in the Ecological systems theory. In the first model including individual factors, extraversion, neuroticism, and physical and psychological change constitute significant factors explaining happiness. In the second model with microsystem factors and in the third one with mesosystem factors, marital intimacy appears to be a significant factor. In the fourth model including exosystem factors, community service is a significant factor. In the final model with social atmosphere, personality (${\beta}=.15$ for extraversion; ${\beta}=-.30$ for neuroticism), physical and psychological change (${\beta}=-.15$), marital intimacy (${\beta}=.35$), and community service (${\beta}=.18$) turn out to be significant. These factors explain 59% of the variance of happiness in the pregnant women in Korea. Conclusion: Considering the fact that pregnant women's happiness is explained by microsystem and exosystem factors as well as individual factors, developing intervention programs that can promote influencing factors such as marital intimacy and community service is necessary to improve levels of happiness among pregnant women in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.57-60
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• 1999

The eyes are the first sensory organs to perceive the environment. We become accustomed to the environment with our eyes. When we contact the environment, we perceive the appearance of an object with our eyes. Then we recognize our position, and perceive the shape surrounding the object interacting with space. The perception of seeing constructs experiences which control most of our recognition, and the experiences are images of the environment surrounding it. So they are significantly expressed into sensitive and mental elements of material and non-material world. Gibson's ecological perception theory analyzes and information system, which helps man to move effectively, and its component stimulus'. The important thing is that we should understand the combination of systems gathering stimulus not as an individual system but as one whole system.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-109
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• 2013

While many surveys show very positive attitudes on the part of consumers towards eco-friendly products, the market share actually reflecting green IT purchases remains low in most countries. The motivations behind green IT purchase behavior are still obscure. Several studies have addressed the question of green IT diffusion from economic and normative viewpoints in an attempt to interpret IT adoption behavior. This study comes at the question from a different angle, namely negative frame, examining threat and coping behaviors using the Ordered Protection Motivation (OPM) model and threat appraisal theory. The results show that attitudes toward fairness and positive change, which are precedents of threat appraisal, play an important role in determining threat appraisal. Perceived threats in the green IT arena include habit change and ecological change. Appraisal for coping with these threats directly affects initial adoption behaviors regarding available green IT, and then indirectly encourages the purchase of new green IT products.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.412-421
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• 2017

Objectives: To establish a system for integrated risk assessment of EDCs in Korea, infrastructure for providing toxicity data of ecological media should be established. Some systems provide soil ecotoxicity databases along with aquatic ecotoxicity information, but a well-structured ecotoxicity database system is still lacking. Methods: Aquatic and soil ecotoxicological information were collected by a toxicologist based on a human readable data (HRD) format for collecting ecotoxicity data that we provided. Among these data, anomalies were removed according to database normalization theory. Also, the data were cleaned and encoded to establish a machine-readable data (MRD) ecotoxicity database system. Results: We have developed a multi-purpose ecotoxicity database model focusing on EDCs, ecological species, and toxic effects. Also, we have constructed a web-based data searching system to retrieve, extract, and download data with greater availability. Conclusions: The results of our study will contribute to decision-making as a tool for efficient ecological risk assessment of EDCs in Korea.

• Archives of design research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-30
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• 1991

From the past to the future, the great nature has been long standing good text and has never been behind the fashion. All problems of human being had been occured and been solved by 'Lives' and the biological chemistry ststem which are inside the nature. They say that "Ecology is the applications of biological shape in man made system design." We should find out the basic principles of nature and apply to the necessity of study. Biology, Ecology, and the other relational theory of design have abundant sources of idea in which designers can take new policy and creativities. When designers design new products they should consider socialogy and psychological circumstances that are related to them, and should find out various possibilities trying to contact biological systems and ecological systems which are chosen in the nature. The seed of ash samara can be applied to firehydrant for mountain on fire and application of the spider's web can lead to the device for road work. As soon as possible, we should find out the methods introducing the nautre which supplies infinite sources of idea to the basic theory of design.of design.