• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1990

Adapting two step aeration system to a waste water treatment of W-paper manufactory as Full-Scale Plants, we drew a following conclusion from its practical working. 1. Because BOD removal efficiency was 20% in A-Stage, 90% in B-Stage and total removal efficiency was 97%. It worked treatment plant well and was suitable for effluent water standard as well. Because COD removal efficiency was 42% in A-stage, 71% in B-stage and the total removal efficiency was 94% COD control was possible in effluent water quality. 2. Treatment efficiency according to a load capacity was average 20% in 1.401 BOD kg/m3/d load of A-Stage and average 90% in 0.273 BOD kg/$\textrm {m}^3$ / d load of B-Stage. 3. Treatment efficiency according to a ratio of F/M was 2.657--5.024 kg BOD/kg MLSS/d in A-Stage and BOD removal efficiency was 16-261 in the same stage. The ratio of F/M was 0.068-0.094 kg BOD /kg MLSS/d and BOD removal efficiency ratio was 85-94%. Therefore treatment efficiency could be kept stably and volume of aeration tank could be reduced wholly. 4. Treatment efficiency according to MLSS appeared BOD 20%. COD 42%, in A-Stage and removal efficiency appeared BOD 90%, COD 71% in B-Stage. They were suitable for plan condition. 5. Because of working of complemented treatment plant by AB-Process. 20,000,000 Won a month was saved than the ordinary working cost. Therefore, it was assumed that invested cost could be recollected in 19 months or so consequently.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2005

Advanced processes such as ozonation or activated carbon filtration (ACF) in water treatment plants have been used in Korea since 1994. At present, seventeen drinking water treatment plants are currently operating. This survey compares the treatment performance of advanced processes in eight plants which have comparable water quality data. The three parameters (DOC, $UV_{254}$, and $KMnO_4$ consumption) of water quality were selected as an indicator of treatment efficiency. The treatment efficiency of ozonation and ACF processes was found to vary with large deviations in each plant. Treatment efficiency of DOC, $UV_{254}$, and $KMnO_4$ consumption by post ozonation ranged from 3 to 11%, 6 to 33%, and 12 to 28% respectively. On the other hand, for ACF, treatment efficiency of DOC, $UV_{254}$, and $KMnO_4$ consumption ranged from 7 to 38%, 8 to 48%, and 16 to 66% respectively. These large deviations indicate the advanced processes of water treatment plants to be further optimized.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2015

The Korean government has made progress in its project for sewage distribution in rural areas to ensure the balanced development of the country and its water conservation system. The project for sewage distribution in rural areas was analyzed with the yearly operational results of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP). The sewage characteristics of the MWTP in a rural area changed according to seasonal variations, and the lowest pollution concentrations were obtained in the summer. The treatment efficiency of nutrients in the biological treatment process changed slightly more than the treatment efficiency of organic compounds, and the lowest treatment efficiency was obtained in winter. In addition, the relationship between treatment efficiency and retention time and F/M ratio showed similar results despite seasonal variations. It was considered that sewage characteristics and treatment efficiency changed according to seasonal variations when the treatment process was selected in MWTPs in rural areas. Especially, Maintenance of MWPT is need for the stable treatment efficiency of nutrients in the winter.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.577-580
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• 2007

The influence of flow rate has been investigated on the treatment efficiency of continuous cycling electrolytic process employing artificial and actual photographic wastewater which containing silver ion. For artificial wastewater, the treatment efficiency of process was found to rise ca. three times when the flow rate of wastewater was increased from 3 mL/min to 15 mL/min. The process efficiency was doubled under the same condition regarding actual wastewater. The effect of flow rate on the treatment efficiency was observed to be altered according to the metal ionic form and solution composition. The coefficient of mass transfer was estimated using model equation, which verified that the raised treatment efficiency at higher flow rate was due to the increased mobility of ionic species.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.881-888
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• 2007

In order to investigate the characteristics of the non-biodegradable material, the $BOD_5/COD_{Cr}$ ratio was used. The average ratio of industrial complex's influent wastewater was 2.29~2.96, the effluent ratio was 4.29~19.0. The removal efficiency of $UV_{254}$ by physicochemical treatment was 22.8~94.7% and 5.3~77.2% by biological treatment, respectively. Of the wastewater removal efficiency for each of the items, the $BOD_5$ treatment efficiency was the greatest at 97.3% and the color & TN treatment efficiency was 40~70%. The study of the economical assessment showed that the complex as well as the individual companies spent 722~1,298 won for each ton of treated wastewater. All of the wastewater treatment facilities spent the most money on chemicals needed to treat the wastewater. The total cost for Nylon manufacturing wastewater treatment plant was the greatest while the total cost for cotton manufacturing wastewater treatment plant turned out to the lowest. As respects of removal efficiency and economocal assessment, Polyester A and Cotton manufacturing wastewater treatment plants were better effective than a dyeing industrial complex wastewater treatment plant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.807-813
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• 2004

Wastewater was treated by two different treatment processes; activated sludge process and advanced wastewater treatment process (KNR process) using lab-scale experiment. Two treated wastewater showed good treatment efficiency of organic matter removal, up to 90% removal. Nitrogen and phosphorus were not effectively removed though activated sludge process, while KNR process showed good removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus; 56% nitrogen removal and 95% phosphorus removal. KNR process showed better removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus compared to activated sludge process. Organic matter characterization was tracked though measurement of UV scan, SUVA, and XAD fractionation. Treated wastewater showed higher SUVA value than wastewater influent, indicting less aromatic characteristic of organic matter. XAD fractionation showed hydrophilic fraction decreased though wastewater treatment, suggesting microbes preferentially digest hydrophilic and aliphatic molecules rather than hydrophobic and aromatic molecules of organic matter.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 1999

Tinnitus is a symptom frequently encountered in the E.N.T. clinic and variously described as buzzing, ringing and thumping sound, etc., but the cause, pathogenesis, specific treatment remains to be established through close investigation. In fact, it is not easy to evaluate the treatment efficiency of tinnitus reasonably. However, in this study. we clinically investigated 47 patients who visited E.N.T. department of Kyung Won University Hospital from May. 1996 to May. 1999 and belonged to specific bianzheng(辨證) types of tinnitus classified by bianzheng(辨證), a kind of diagnostic method in order to estimate efficiency of the treatment and give aids to establishing more effective and recognizable treatment method. The result is as follows: 1) In bianzheng(辨證) types of tinnitus, Piweixuruo(脾胃虛弱) was most frequently found, in descending order, Shenjingkuisun(腎精虧損), Ganhuoshangra(肝火上擾), Tanhuoyongjie(痰火壅結). 2) In the treatment efficiency, the type of Piweixuruo(脾胃虛弱) showed the highest, in descending order, Ganhuoshangrao(肝火上擾), Tanhuoyongjie(痰火壅結) and Shenjingkuisun(腎精虧損). 3) The treatment efficiency is shown higher in patients with tinnitus included in other sysmptoms than those with a simple symptom of tinnitus. especially in case of tinnitus accompanied by vertigo, we could get much higher treatment efficiency more than we had expected.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2016

The incorporation of technological advances in the field of clinical orthodontics to increase treatment efficiency has led to the development of customized appliances (Insignia$^{(R)}$), archwires (Suresmile$^{(R)}$), and the production of devices to enhance tooth movement (Acceledent$^{(R)}$). This review presents a comprehensive study of the literature concerning these products, and analyzes the available evidence of their efficiency. To date, one pilot study has evaluated the efficiency of the Insignia$^{(R)}$ system, three retrospective studies have assessed the efficiency of the Suresmile$^{(R)}$ system, and a few Acceledent$^{(R)}$ reports have described its effect on treatment time. Critical appraisal of the reviewed papers revealed that the efficiency of the Insignia$^{(R)}$ system cannot be confirmed based on the available evidence, while the use of Suresmile$^{(R)}$ can reduce overall treatment time in simple cases. The acceleration of tooth movement by Acceledent$^{(R)}$ devices has not yet been confirmed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2014

Supply of rural community sewage treatment plant (RCSTP) is need for protect of water quality like water source and development of agriculture areas. In this study conducted analysis on characteristics of RCSTP sewage and treatment efficiency of installed treatment process using operation results of RCSTP in an-dong area. high organic matter and nutrient were contained in RCSTP sewage of an-dong than urban area. RCSTP treatment process in an-dong was shown stable treatment efficiency. But nutrient treatment efficiency was shown more sensitive result about SRT and F/M ratio than organic matter treatment efficiency. And RCSTP treatment process in an-dong was shown higher treatment efficiency than other treatment proces like $A^2/O$, SBR and media. Thus, this process is effective treatment process for application of RCSTP.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.13 no.spc2
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• pp.193-197
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• 2012

Oxygen plasma has been treated on the surface of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) to improve the efficiency of the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) device. The plasma treatment was expected to inject the holes effectively due to the control of an ITO work-function and the reduction of surface roughness. To optimize the treatment condition, a surface resistance and morphology of the ITO surface were investigated. The effect on the electrical properties of the OLEDs was evaluated as a function of oxygen plasma powers (0, 200, 250, 300, and 450 W). The electrical properties of the devices were measured in a device structure of ITO/TPD/Alq3/BCP/LiF/Al. It was found the plasma treatment of the ITO surface affects on the efficiency of the device. The efficiency of the device was optimized at the plasma power of 250 W and decreased at higher power than 250 W. The maximum values of luminance, luminous power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of the plasma treated devices increase by 1.4 times, 1.4 times, and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to those of the non-treated ones.