• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of electroencephalograph (EEG) power and coherence on cognitive function in normal elderly, non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, and demented elderly during working cognition tasks. Forty elderly women (19 demented elderly, 10 non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, 11 norma1 elderly) participated in this study, All subjects performed working cognition tasks with Raven's CPM while EEG signal was recorded, EEGs were measured continuously at rest and during the working cognition task. EEG power and coherence was computed over 21 channels: right and left frontal, central, parietal, temporal and occipital region. We found that there were more correct answers among normal elderly women than in other groups Owing the working cognition task, ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F8, a wave at Fp2, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2. F4 and F8 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the demented elderly group. On the other hand. ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F7, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F7 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast. in the normal elderly group, all of the ${\Theta}$ wave and ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7 and F8 of the frontal region (except ${\beta}$ wave at F3) was increased significantly, These results suggest that the nerves in prefrontal and right hemisphere regions were most active in the demented elderly group during problem solving, and the nerves in the prefrontal and left hemisphere lobe were most active in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast, me majority of nerves in the frontal region were active in the normal elderly group.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of LOTCA-G and ADL by individualized cognitive program in elderly with vascular dementia, alzheimer dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Method : The subjects of this study, old man and woman diagnosed with vascular dementia, alzheimer dementia and mild cognitive impairment, 24 patients were picked up, who were agreed with this research and were having hospital care for 3weeks at nursing care centers. Individualized cognitive program was applied to 8 patients of vascular dementia, 8 patients of alzheimer dementia and 8 patients of mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive function measured by LOTCA-G and performance measured by FIM. The SPSS Ver. 22.0 statistical program was used for data processing. The significance level for statistical inspection was set as 0.05. Result : In comparison of LOTCA-G was significant increased after intervention and among three groups were significant difference. But FIM was no significant difference after intervention and among three groups were no significant difference. Conclusion : Therefore, the individualized cognitive program is useful to improve the cognitive function in elderly with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.511-520
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• 2021

This study was a pre and post quasi-experimental design study using a single group about the analysis of the changes in the performance level of activities of daily living and depression of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment through the participation in the cognitive program. Study subjects were the 16 elderly with mild cognitive impairment using a W welfare center in J city and they participated in cognitive program for a total of 8 weeks, twice a week. The assessment about the performance level of activities of daily living and depression were performed through the program. As the results, after participating in the program, study subjects' performance level of activities of daily living were significantly significant improved, and depression levels were statistically significantly reduced. Thus, to improve the performance level of activities of daily living and reduce the depression levels of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, the cognitive program should be used as a intervention program and then in the process, it is necessary to actively induce the participation of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of coordinative locomotor training on the physical factors for falls in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: This study examined thirty subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment by the radiologic findings, history, and physical examination. The subjects were assigned to a control group (n = 15) or experimental group (n = 15, coordinative locomotor training). The experimental group underwent coordinative locomotor training for four weeks, with training sessions two times per week. The control group was given a fall-prevention education for 60 minutes without coordinative locomotor training. To evaluate the physical factors for falls, the lower extremity strength and the Korean version of the Fullerton advanced balance scale and biorescue were measured for balance. These tests were conducted before and after training. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the two groups after the four weeks of coordinative locomotor training for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment the experimental group had a greater degree of improvement in the physical factors for falls. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that coordinative locomotor training may have a functional effect on fall-prevention and the mobility of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In addition, it is expected to provide systematic and effective data that can be used as a fall prevention program for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in each institution.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.178-185
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• 2018

A self-report evaluation is used to prevent driving accidents by elderly drivers. The majority of normal older adults may have mild cognitive impairment with reduced cognitive function. These depressed cognitive functions may be variables that affect the performance of elderly drivers. This study confirmed the cognitive functions that affect the self-reported evaluation for elderly drivers with mild cognitive impairment. Based on the results of the Korean Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 103 elderly drivers were classified into mild cognitive impairment and normal groups of elderly drivers. The Korean-Drivers 65 plus scores used in the self-reported evaluation of the two groups were compared, and the cognitive functions affecting the evaluation were analyzed. Results found the mild cognitive impairment group showed a significantly lower evaluation performance compared to the normal group, and the self-reported evaluation results of the elderly driver with mild cognitive impairment showed a significant correlation between visuoconstructional skills and delayed recall. As a result of regression analysis, the visuoconstructional skill was identified as the cognitive function with the strongest influence on the self-reported evaluation performance. Delayed recall was also found to have a partial effect but not at the level of altering the self-reported evaluation results of the elderly driver with mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.243-253
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide evidences for developing non-pharmacological intervention program in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment by integrative review and analyze. An integrative review concept analysis method was used. According to the study result, relevant studies were 11, which are related to non-pharmacological intervention program in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. The quality of stduies were two groups nonrandomized studies were 9, and one group nonrandomized studies were 2. Non-pharmacological intervention program studies for elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment were 4 in cognitive training program, 6 in exercise program, and 1 in music program. The efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment was different by studies, and we need further studies based on these study results.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cognitive-exercise program using step on the cognitive function, gait, and depression of elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Methods : The subjects comprised 30 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment who used elderly welfare centers in the provinces A, B, and C between March 21 and June 7, 2019. They were divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15) before undergoing an experiment based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The lowenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment-geriatric population was used to assess the subjects' cognitive function, while the 4-stage balance test, 30-second chair-stand test, timed up & go test, and functional reach test were employed to evaluate their gait. In addition, the beck depression inventory was used to measure their levels of depression. Results : The cognitive-exercise program using step enhanced the subjects' cognitive function and gait and reduced their levels of depression. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion : The cognitive-exercise program using step promoted the process of sensorimotor and cognition through the learning process of various steps taking left and right steps and cognitive activities. It improves gait by activating the coordination of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems of the body and positively affecting posture control, balance, flexibility, and lower extremity muscles. It also relieved depression by performing successful step learning and cognitive activities with forward-looking (doing) that leads to pleasure and achievement. The present study confirmed the value of a cognitive-exercise program using step to treat multiple domains of functional decline in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. This is therefore proposed as an intervention program for this patient group.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.125-135
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• 2022

In this study, using KLoSA data, it was verified whether subjective expectations and depression had a multi-mediated effect on life satisfaction of the elderly with dementia and mild cognitive impairment. As a result of the analysis, first, it was analyzed that the higher the IADL of the elderly with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, the lower the subjective expectation, the higher the depression, and the lower the life satisfaction. Second, it was analyzed that as the subjective expectations of the elderly with dementia and mild cognitive impairment increased, depression decreased and life satisfaction increased. Third, it was analyzed that IADL in the elderly with dementia and mild cognitive impairment not only directly affects life satisfaction, but also indirectly affects life satisfaction through subjective expectations and depression, so it has a multi-mediated effect. Therefore, it is necessary to expand subjective expectations by expanding service providers that can support daily life restrictions for the elderly with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, providing regular programs by experts to reduce depression, and establishing new national pension benefits for dependents.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a group cognitive improvement program on cognitive function, depression and self-esteem in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: This was an experimental study that employed a pre-post design of a non-equivalence control group. The subjects were 52 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment, 25 of whom were assigned to the experimental group and 27 to the control group. The program was conducted for a total of 12 sessions for 60 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the ${\chi}2-test$, Fisher's exact test, and Independent t-test with the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: After the intervention, the group who participated showed improvement in all areas of cognitive function based on MMSE-KC (F=26.37, p.<0.001), the Rey Complex Figure Test: copy (F=20.66, p.<0.001), Immediate memory of Seoul Verbal Learning Test-Elderly's version (F=29.68, p.<0.001), delayed memory (F=45.79 p.<0.001), memory recall (F=28.97, p.<0.001), Forward of Digit Span Test (F=9.25, p=.004), backward (F=8.33, p.=0.006), language comprehension (F=13.42, p.<0.001), and digit symbol coding (F=17.74, p.<0.001) relative to the control group. Moreover depression (F=24.09, p.<0.001) was decreased in program participants, whereas self-esteem (F=40.24, p.<0.001) was increased. Conclusion: The program could be a useful intervention because the results show that the group cognitive improvement program has a significant effect on cognitive function, depression and self-esteem in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to identify depression and its predictors among Korean community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Secondary data analyses of the data collected by the "Study on tailored integration program for reinforcing cognitive and physical function of the frail elderly. The study used data from one-to-one interviews using structured questionnaires. The subjects were 346 community-dwelling elderly who visited a healthcare center in Seoul, Korea. A descriptive correlational study design was utilized to explore depression and its predictors including physical factors and psychosocial factors among the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression. Results: Mean score of depression was within normal limit $11.61{\pm}6.69$. Somatic symptoms, negative life events (severity), social support were shown as significant predictors of depression. The most influential predictor for depression was somatic symptoms (${\beta}$=.340, $p$ <.001). Conclusion: To prevent and relieve depression in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, nursing intervention strategies which consider well-balanced physical and psychosocial aspects are needed. In particular, a specific nursing intervention strategy is required to improve physical health of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.