• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1998

The purpose of present study is to clarify the differences between EIslwitzia Ciliata (Thunb.) Hylander(향유) and Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maekawa (꽃향유) for standardization and the proper usage as medicinal herbs. The major ingredients of both species were isolated by distillation and extraction. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of major distillates were carried out by the use of GC/MS. There was a significant difference between the components of Elsholtzia ciliata and Elsholtzia splendens in the aspects of major components. Several common ingredients were identified as linalool, cumene, elsholtzia ketone, naginata ketone isomer, naginata ketone, myristicin, and sesquiterpene alcohol. Comparison between Elsholtzia. ciliata and Elsholtzia splendens was done in the aspect of major compounds. Myristicin (33.7%) has been shown to be the major component in Elsholtzia ciliata whereas naginata ketone isomer (26.1%) was believed to be a major ingredient in Elsholtzia splendens. The elsholtzia ketone was also one of the major differentiating factors between Elsholtzia splendens and Elsholtzia ciliata, and the quantity is 15.1% in Elslwltzia splendens compared to 2.87% in Elsholtzia ciliata. Moreover, in the Elsholtzia splendens, 4- vinylguaiacol and isoosmorhizole were absent, but both compounds were present in the EIsholtzia ciliata.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.290-294
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• 2010

Premenstrual syndrome is a common chronic disorder in most women of reproductive age. The main symptoms are depression, anxiety, tension, feeling out of control, and mastalgia. In premenstrual syndrome, the effects of aromatic edible Elsholtzia splendens and Cirsium japonicum were investigated for over 3 months in 30 women participants in their twenties. In the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group, scores of depression and anxiety were significantly lower than those in the Cirsium japonicum capsule treated group. Moreover, instability of the premenstrual assessment form was significantly decreased in the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group. Our results suggest that Elsholtzia splendens could be an effective plant material in relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2003

Volatile compounds in Elsholtzia splendens were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME). Two kinds of SPME fiber, carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used to determine the selectivity of the fibers to the different flavor compounds present in the Elsholtzia splendens. Identification of volatile compounds was based on the linear retention indices (RI) and the comparison of their mass spectra with those of on-computer library. Thirty compounds were identified in the volatile compounds extracted by CAR/PDMS fiber, including 1 aldehyde, 5 alcohols, 3 hydrocarbons, 17 terpene hydrocarbons, 3 ketones and 1 miscellaneous. And 5 alcohols, 3 hydrocarbons, 18 terpene hydrocarbons, 3 ketones and 2 miscellaneouses were identified in PDMS fiber. These results suggested that the selectivity of PDMS fiber was similar to that of CAR/PDMS fiber in Elsholtzia splendens. The major volatile compounds were naginataketone and elsholtziaketone in Elsholtzia splendens.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information on the natural spice of Elsholtzia splendens, which is one of the native Korean aromatic plants for aromatic, medicinal and ornamental uses. The overall acceptability and the masking effects on the fetid smell of beef were investigated with Elsholtzia splendens-flavored oils by sensory evaluation. The ability of an electronic nose with six metal oxide sensors to classify Elsholtzia splendens flavored oils based on their odors was studied. The response by electronic nose was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). In EOI, EOII, and ESI, (이것들이 무엇을 의미하는지 기술할 필요가 있음). overall acceptability of French dressing showed a same level of preference during storage. Fetid smell of beef was not changed by the addition of 4 types of Elsholtzia splendens-flavored oil during storage. In EO I -flavored oil, the proportion of 1st principal component was 0.829, and the proportion of 1st principal component was 0.818 in ESI-flavored oil. The PCA plot was used to detect stored Elsholtzia splendens flavored oils.(앞 뒤 문맥이 안맞음. 뒤에 이어지는 글이 있는지\ulcorner).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.262-266
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• 2010

A new variety of Elsholtzia splendens (Lamiaceae) was found by the roadside of a mountain base at Jungmun-dong, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do. The new taxon is termed Elsholtzia splendens var. fasciflora N.S. Lee, M.S. Chung & C.S. Lee, var. nov. The Korean name 'Da-bal-kkot-hyang-yu' was given. The morphological characters and illustrations of the species based on the holotype are provided together with a photograph of the habitat. It is distinctly distinguished from Elsholtzia splendens var. splendens by a few characteristics: leaves that area 2-4 cm long, leaves beneath the inflorescence, typically mostly 4; and inflorescence mosyly 2-4, fascicled, involucres oval.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the composition of flavor components of Elsholtzia ciliata and Eisholtzia splendens in order to obtain basic informations for the application of tobacco and food industry. Flavor components extracted were divided into three fractions ; essential oil, absolute and oleoresin from E. ciliata and E. splendens. Essential oil was extracted by simultaneous steam distillation(SDE), absolute and oleoresin were extracted by $100\%$ n-hexane and $50\%$ ethanol, respectively. Yields of the essential oil, absolute and oleoresin fractions from E. ciliata were $0.34\%,\;11.34\%\;and\;15.24\%,$ and those from E. splendends were $0.28\%,\;12.45\%\;and\;9.95\%$, respectively. The major components of essential oil of E. ciliata were naginata ketone$(29.37\%)$, elsholtzia ketone$(14.37\%)$ and rosefuran$(11.76\%)$. The major components of essential oil of E. splendens were 2-cyclohexen-1-one$(26.81\%)$, elsholtzia ketone$(13.46\%)$ and naginata ketone$(5.26\%).$ The composition of flavor components showed a slight difference between essential oils of E. ciliata and E. splendens. The major components of absolute fraction from E. ciliata were linoleic acid$(12.07\%),$ palmitic acid$(10.46\%)$ and 2-cyclohexene-1-one$(5.39\%).$ And those from E. splendens were linoleic acid$(12.38\%),$ palmitic acid$(9.47\%)$ and naginata ketone$(8.86\%).$ Ethyl linoleolate was a major component in oleoresin of E. ciliata and E. splendens.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.489-492
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• 2007

We investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts obtained from the flowers of Elsholtzia splendens on Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells. When cells were treated with E. splendens extracts (ESEs), low concentrations (<12.5 ug/mL) of stimulated cell proliferation via radical generation. Relative mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Mn-SOD in cells exposed to ESEs (1-20 ug/mL) was significantly induced in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). In the case of catalase, ESEs had opposing effects; that is, a low-level treatment caused a decrease, and a high-level treatment induced elevated levels (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that components of ESEs exhibit potential antioxidant properties. Also, further studies are required to clarify the active components of Elsholtzia splendens extracts responsible for such biological activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

Elsholtzia hallasanensis, E. springia, and E. splendens var. fasciflora (Lamiaceae) were reported recently as new species or new varieties of E. splendens according to their morphological characteristics. To reappraise the taxonomic status of these additional taxa and to determine the relationships between all Korean Elsholtzia taxa except E. saxatilis, which is distributed in North Korea, molecular studies based on the nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (rpl16, and trnH-psbA) sequences of seven taxa of Elsholtzia and one outgroup were carried out. The molecular data support that E. angustifolia and E. minima are distinct species from E. splendens and E. ciliata, respectively, because they have several private marker genes and show monophyly. The molecular data also support that E. splendens has a very close taxonomic relationship with both E. hallasanensis and E. springia. We found that E. splendens var. fasciflora, with multiple inflorescence, was based on several private marker genes and on the monophyly of its trees, suggesting that it can be considered as a variety. Elsholtzia springia, with the same sequences and the same morphological characteristics with E. hallasanensis after transplanting, should be treated as a synonym of E. hallasanensis. Moreover, we consider the taxonomic status of E. hallasanensis as E. splendens var. hallasanensis (Y. Lee) N.S. Lee & C.S. Lee, stat. nov.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.277-280
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• 2017

Elsholtzia splendens, which grows on moist soil of mountainous regions, is widely distributed at all regions of Korea, especially at Mountain Ji ri. It is categorized as a Labiatae plant which is dried aerial part. It has the following medicinal properties; removal of fever, alleviation of pain, a good antiphlogistic agent as well as antibacterial effects. However, the effects of E. splendens on thrombosis and platelet activation are not precisely understood. We performed this study to develop antithrombotic agents from oriental medicine herb extracts. E. splendens inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and U46619 in a concentration dependent manner. E. splendens did not show an effect on anticoagulation as determined by prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). We also tested the effects of E. splendens using a carotid artery thrombosis rat model induced by 35% $FeCl_3$ treatment. E. splendens significantly inhibited thrombus weight compared with the control group. These results show that E. splendens may be developed as a potential antiplatelet activity agent for treatment of cardiocerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.413-416
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• 2008

Effects of extracts obtained from the flowers of Elsholtzia splendens on the serum lipid profile and hepatotoxicity in mice were investigated. Female ICR mice were given E. splendens ethanolic extract (ESEs) orally at a dose of 10 or 50 mg/kg BW for 50 days. Significant dose-dependent decreases in triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol of serum were observed. In addition, ESEs prolonged the lag-time of LDL oxidation in vitro. In the serum of ICE mice given ESEs orally at 10 and 50 mg/kg BW, the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly, while total protein, albumin, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin did not change. Therefore, ESEs may be beneficial to human health, although it has some hepatotoxicity.