• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

Objectives : In Oriental Medicine, the improvement of constipation is very important for patients at the acute stage of cerebrovascular accident. For constipation, oral medicine has usually been used but is not available to stroke patients with dysphagia and mental disorder, and may bring about side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. In such cases, general enema has been used for assistant therapy, We needed to develop a more effective enema technique on constipation of stroke patients. Methods : Sixty-three patients were researched. We treated 29 patients with Bo-Ryu enema and 34 patients with general enema. To compare the effect of the Bo-Ryu enema group with that of the general enema group, we analyzed general characteristics, bowel movement, abdominal examination and related symptoms. Results : Sixty-three patients comprised the Bo-Ryu (n=29) and general (n=34) enema groups. Between the Bo-Ryu and general enema groups, the Bo-Ryu enema was more effective than the general enema in the number of bowel movements, total and corrected amount of stool, tonus of rectus abdominis muscle and abdominal discomfort. However, there were not significant differences in the power of abdominal muscle, digestion and physical power. Among the subgroups, Bo-Ryu enema group was most effective in the number of bowel movements, total amount of stool and tonus of rectus abdominis muscle, and Bo-Ryu enema group was best in the corrected amount of stool and abdominal discomfort. Conclusions : Bo-Ryu enema should be considered as an effective and safe treatment for patients with constipation during the acute stage of cerebrovascular accident.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2004

Objective : It is recently reported that enema therapy can be effective to enteric disease as well as painful disease, skin disease, immune disease. We look around many reports, books and make a comparative study of colon irrigation, coffee enema, retention enema. Method : I referred to many papers and books about three kinds of enema therapy. Results and Conclusions : 1. Colon irrigation remove fecal inpaction from colon and stimulate perisitalsis by injecting clean water to colon and also increase absorption ability. 2. Coffee enema inject coffee directly to colon, it is effective to detoxification, reducing pain by discharge of bile juice and toxic matters. 3. Retention enema use many kinds of suitable herb medicine to cure different disease by absorption to rectal mucous membrane. It is effective to acute, chronic disease, inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

Recently, interest in detoxification therapies is increasing. Coffee enema has been most frequently used as one of detoxification therapies. However, there is lack of scientific basis for coffee enema, regarding its clinical efficacy and safety respectively. This study aimed to produce the general features of coffee enema such as definition, protocols, clinical applications and efficacies, and side effects. Total 37 articles coffee enema were collected from 7 databases including PubMed, and reviewed thoroughly. The majority of papers were review studies or case reports for effects/side-effects of coffee enema. The quality of papers was generally poor, and no randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was exist. This study shows the current status of coffee enema-related study, and suggests the demand for RCT study to develop the evidence-based detoxification therapy using coffee enema.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.329-336
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• 2000

During 9 months the clinical study on the 45 cases constipation patients caused by C.V.A, who were treated with Bo-Riu Enema, was done in the Department of Oriental Internal Medicine II, Oriental Medicine Hospital, Taejon University. The result of this study is compared with glycerin-enema treated group. The results were as follows ; 1. The incidence rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in old aged group. 2. The incidence rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in Tae-Um-In(太陰人). 3. The improvement rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in Bo-Riu Enema treated group than in glycerin-enema. 4. The admission period is shorter in Bo-Riu Enema treated group than in glycerin-enema. 5. In case of paralytic ileus, the improvement rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in Bo-Riu Enema treated group than in glycerin-enema.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2014

Coffee enema was started by American doctor Max Gerson for cancer patients in 1920s. Coffee enema is known to remove waste material and toxins in the colon, and increase the enzymatic activity in the liver. In alternative medicine, It is to be used for fecal stasis removal, detoxification, obesity, pain control etc. In recently, The Society of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research make strenuous efforts to spread a new treatment about obesity. And Obesity is already known as one of the main causes of adult diseases. If we use the Korean medical treatment, and at the same time use coffee enema, maybe we will have a good or better clinical result about obesity and metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, we introduce a method that can be easily coffee enema. Thus, we hope that the reference to the teaching of patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of Starvation and coffee enema and oriental medical therapy to a patient with obesity caused by overeating and lack of exercise. Methods : This study was carried out on a patient who had obesity caused by overeating and lack of exercise, and whose body weight was reduced through starvation, coffee enema and oriental medical therapy. After checked body weight, we analyzed effect of starvation, coffee enema and oriental medical therapy. Results and conclusions : Following the treatment the patient's body weight was reduced. The present results suggest that starvation coffee enema and oriental medical therapy has positive effects on an obese patient

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to propose a standardized method of retention enema by extracting elements associated with published experimental methods of retention enema. Methods: 1) Literature search (1) Data sources: Retrieval was made, using 'Enema' or 'Retention Enema' as search words in Medline, Cochrane library, KISS, RISS, and KDSL DB. (2) Study selection: Two authors excluded irrelevant papers and chose qualified abstracts from the rest of the papers. The chosen studies were reviewed fully by the authors so that they could screen the significant papers based on the exclusion criteria. (3) Data extraction: Data on the total number of subjects, the target disease, the animal species, the type, quality, length, and diameter of catheter, the insertion length of catheter, the sample, the sample volume, the process of retention enema and the number of retention enemas performed were extracted from the selected studies. 2) Performing preliminary experiments about the elements associated with experimental methods of retention enema. Results & Conclusions: The standardized experimental method is as follows: animal: 280-320g SD rat 1) inserting a rectal tube of 8 Fr that measures 8 cm into the animal's anus, 2) injecting herbal medicines at the volume of 6ml and 3) holding them for 10 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2013

Case of ischemic colitis after enema for bowel cleansing have been rarely reported, but there has been no case report of a patient on modiefied fasting therapy. A 26-year old male patient with obesity admitted Korean medical hospital of Kyung Hee university for losing weight. He is on a special diet called modiefied fasting therapy, only took the fermented herbal drink. At 2nd day, he received an enema for bowel cleansing. A few hours after enema, he had a bloody diarrhea with lower abdominal pain. His colonoscopic and histologic findings presented ischemic colitis. He was advised to fast for two days and couldn't complete his diet program. We suggest 4 possible reasons : Increased intraluminal pressure by enema, vascular spasm caused by room-temperature glycerin solution colder than intraluminal temperature, predisposition to bleeding disturbances by taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) for depression history and mucosal injury by osmotic effect of glycerin solution itself. For reducing the risk of bowel cleansing, glycerin enema should be carefully prescribed and practiced concerning the condition of each patient.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Constipation is a common digestive disorder and enema is one of the external intervention for constipation. Coffee enema was originated by Dr. Gerson for the purpose of colon cleansing and detoxification. However there has been no study about the effect of coffee enema on constipation. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the effect of coffee enema on constipation in the terms of constipation degree and satisfaction questionnaire. Methods : 42 patients were treated of the coffee enema 2 times a week. The constipation score(Constipation Assessment Scale) and frequency of defecation were checked 3 times (before treatment, 1 week and 1 month later). The satisfaction score was also checked 1 week and 1 month later. The interval differences of constipation score between pre- and post-treatment according to body mass index were also analyzed. Results and Conclusions : The constipation scores, frequency of defecation scores checked 1 week and 1 month later were significantly(p<0.01) improved as compared with those before the treatment. The satisfaction scores were close to 'moderately satisfied' 1 week and 1 month later. The scores of 6 parameters in constipation assessment scale, frequency of defecation scores and satisfaction scores were maintained until 1 month later. There was no significant difference in the change of constipation scores between normal BMI and overweight group. 4.2% of the patients reported adverse effects, which were nausea, abdominal distension each.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2013

Objectives This study was aimed to review a standardized method of retention enema by extracting elements associated with methods of retention enema from papers involved. Methods 1) Data sources : Retrieval was made, using 'Enema' or 'Retention Enema' as search words in MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, KISS, RISS, and NDSL DB. 2) Study selection : Two authors excluded irrelevant papers and chose qualified abstracts in the rest of the papers. The chosen studies were reviewed fully by the authors so that they could screen the significant papers based on the exclusion criteria. 3) Data extraction : Data on the total number of subjects, the target disease, the type, quality, length, diameter of catheter, the insertion length of catheter, the sample, the sample volume, the process of retention enema and the number of performing retention enema were extracted from the selected studies. Results & Conclusions The retention enema can be applied to gastrointestinal diseases, genitourinary diseases, metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, headaches and neurological disorders. The standardized treatment method is as following: 1) inserting a rental tube of 18-28 Fr that measures 20 to 30 cm into the patient's anus, 2) injecting herbal medicines which have purgative action or benefit on stomach and intestinal tract at the rate of 4 ml/min, and 3) holding them for 10 to 15 minutes.