• Title/Summary/Keyword: Entry Control Mode

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The Study on Factor and Performance for SMEs' Global Market Entry Mode (중소기업의 해외시장진입방식 결정요인과 경영성과에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Yun-Jeong;Jeong, Suk-Jae;Lee, Suk-Jun
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.605-629
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study is analyzing the factors and performance related to the entry control mode when a SME advances into the global market. For this, the strategic factor of the SME was divided into the enterprise capabilities consisting of technology commercial capability, internal capability, and global capability of enterprise and information capabilities that are the capabilities on the global market and on the advanced technology. In the empirical study, a total of 27 variables that include the control variables and the financial and non-financial variables as a performance variable was used. The hypothesis was also established for analyzing the effect of the entry strategies on the entry control mode and the effect of the mode on performance. Logistic regression was conducted for verifying the hypothesis, and Multiple regression analysis and T-test were carried out on the additional analysis related to the performance.

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Dynamics of Global Distribution after Initial Entry

  • Park, Young-Eun
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.15 no.12
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    • pp.5-19
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    • 2017
  • Purpose - This study involves the following questions: "Does internalization theory fully explain reality?" and "Which additional factors may add extra value to the theory?" To answer these, this study divides market entry mode into two steps, initial and subsequent and then, focuses on the subsequent distribution step; that is, the post-entry strategy after initial entry. In addition, this study relies on finding strategic orientations that affect the decision of post-entry into foreign markets. Research design, data, and methodology - To investigate this, this study examines 252 cases of Korean online games for each foreign market and the distribution mode at the product-team level. Results - The result shows that companies use different distribution strategies as a post-entry mode, like licensing, or joint distribution rather than exclusive distribution, through subsidiaries even if they already have wholly owned local subsidiaries which have enough experience and resources to select the entry modes among various types and then provide full commitment and control. Additionally, it finds that strategic orientation affects post-entry strategies differently. Conclusions - Therefore, this study is noteworthy and significant, as it practically extends the existing theories such as an internalization and distribution for decision making regarding the overseas expansion of entertainment businesses.

The Determinants of the Level of Control in Foreign Market Entry of the Korean Healthcare Industry (한국의료산업의 해외시장 진출 통제수준의 결정요인에 관한 연구)

  • Hyun, Jae Hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.8
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    • pp.3691-3695
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    • 2013
  • This study focuses on the internalization process of service sector, especially on the foreign market entry modes of Korean healthcare industry. The paper examined the effects of country and firm specific factors, and strategic elements of the industry on the selection of foreign market entry modes by using multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that firms' global experience and documented strategic assets have significant effects on the high control organizational types in the selection of entry mode while the other determinants including size of the firm were found to be less significance. This study provides the academic implications to the subject of the internationalization of Asian service industry and the practical reference to this highly specialized soft service sector.

Prediction of the Residual Stress for a Steel Plate after Roller Leveling - Part II : Integrated Model with Accelerated Cooling Model (롤러 레벨링 공정시 후판의 잔류응력 예측 - Part II : 가속냉각 모델을 통합한 모델)

  • Ye, H.S.;Hwang, S.M.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2013
  • Despite its importance the control of roller leveling has primarily relied on the operator's experience and on operation tables. In order to effectively eliminate various shape defects, the optimal leveling condition for a specific mode of plate deformation needs to be determined as well as a careful evaluation as to whether or not the condition is still appropriate for other modes or not. A numerical model, which considers both computation efficiency and accuracy, has been developed. The variations of residual stress are studied according to the entry and the delivery intermeshes, respectively. The camber deformation decreases linearly as the entry intermesh increases. In contrast the curl deformation does not vary directly with the entry intermesh. Therefore, the optimum intermesh values need to be determined in order to simultaneously minimize both the camber and the curl deformation.

Design of Auto Race-Track and Figure-8 Flight Mode for UAV (무인기의 자동 장주비행 및 8자 비행모드 설계)

  • Lee, Sangjong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.42 no.10
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    • pp.851-857
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    • 2014
  • This paper addresses the design of the auto race-track and figure-8 flight mode which can be applied to expand the loitering flight mode and increase the safety of UAV. To implement these flight modes, necessary waypoints and entry points can be calculated automatically from several information of the ground control system. The flight logic is proposed to pass the desired waypoints as well as entry points and transfer to the desired flight path by combining the light-of-sight and loitering guidance controller. The proposed algorithm and logic is verified using the 6-DOF UAV model and nonlinear simulation under the several flight conditions.

A Study on Rolling Mill Dynamics Model and Automatic Gauge Control System

  • Kim, Tae-Young;Kwon, Dae-Hyun;Choi, Won-Ho
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.08a
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    • pp.120-125
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    • 2004
  • In the rolling of steel or non-steel metal the most important quality aspect are thickness and flatness. In thickness, there are two important factors. One of them is getting close with accurate goal, nominal gauge, the other is minimize gauge bandwidth, the variation in gauge. In this thesis, we proposed the fuzzy model AGC to minimize gauge variation along the length, developed the rolling mill dynamic model using the math mode of the rolling mill process and the rolling model related with the variety character of the rolling material. We compared the gauge control efficiency of fuzzy model AGC and PI mass flow AGC. We have got a simulation result, that the exit gauge variation of PI mass flow AGC was 2 micron and fuzzy model AGC was 1.2 micron at 1200mpm of rolling speed when each controller was rolling 5 micron of material that is the entry gauge variation.

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Physicians' Requirement Analysis Based Design of the Master Device Mechanism for Teleoperated Interventional Robotic System (원격 중재시술용 마스터장치에 대한 의료진 요구분석 및 이를 반영한 메커니즘 설계)

  • Woo, Hyun Soo;Cho, Jang Ho;Lee, Hyuk Jin
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.603-609
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    • 2016
  • This paper presents an optimally designed master device mechanism for teleoperated interventional robotic system. The interventional procedures using the teleoperated robotic system and the physicians' requirements are summarized. The master device should implement 5-DOF motion including 2-DOF translational motion for the entry position control, 2-DOF rotational motion for the orientation control, and 1- DOF translational motion for needle insertion. The handle assembly includes a 1-DOF translational mechanism for needle insertion and buttons for operation mode selection. The mechanisms for the 2-DOF translational motion and the 2-DOF rotational motion are designed using motors and brakes based on the various mechanisms to satisfy all the above requirements, respectively. Absolute position sensors are adopted to implement automatic initial positioning and orientation matching at the first step of needle insertion.

ADJOINT METHOD FOR CONTROLLED CAVITATION INVERSE NOZZLE DESIGN

  • Petropoulou, S.;Gavaises, M.;Theodorakakos, A.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.283-288
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    • 2006
  • A mathematical methodology is proposed for designing nozzle hole shapes producing controlled geometric cavitation. The proposed methodology uses an unstructured RANS flow solver, with the ability to compute sensitivity derivatives via an adjoint algorithm. The adjoint formulation for the N-S equations is presented while variation of the turbulence viscosity is not taken into account during the geometry modifications. The sensitivities are calculated in a mode independently of the shape parameterisation. The method is used to develop and evaluate conceptual shapes for nozzle hole cavitation reduction. The localized region at the hole inlet producing cavitation, is parameterised using its radius of curvature, while a cost function is formulated to eliminate the negative pressures present at this location. Sensitivity derivatives are used to assess the dependence of the localized region on the minimum pressure, and to drive the geometry to the targeted shape. The results show that the computer model can provide nozzle hole entry shapes that produce predefined flow characteristics, and thus can be used as an inverse design tool for nozzle hole cavitation control.

Mode of Antiviral Activity of Water Soluble Components Isolated from Elfvingia applanata on Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

  • Eo, Seong-Kug;Kim, Young-So;Oh, Ki-Wan;Lee, Chong-Kil;Lee, Young-Nam;Han, Seong-Sun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.74-78
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    • 2001
  • A preparation of water soluble components (EA) was made from carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst and its in vitro antiviral activity on vesicular stomatitis virus [(Indiana serotype, VSV(IND)] was investigated by plaque reduction assay. EA exhibited potent antiviral activity on VSV(IND) growth and negligible cytotoxicity on Vero cells, 50% effective concentration ($EC_{50}C$/) of 104$ug\textrm\/ml$ and 50% cytotoxic concentration ($CC_{50}C$) of 3,793$ug\textrm\/ml$, respectively. Selectivity index (Sl $CC_{50}C$/$EC_{50}C$) of EA on Vero cell and VSV(IND) was about 36.5. EA did not display either a direct virucidal effect on V5V(IND) or induction of antiviral substance by Vero cells upon its treatment. Thus, the mode of antiviral activity of EA was studied at steps of viral adsorption onto cell. When both EA and virus were added to cell monolayers, titer of cell-free virus in culture supernatant increased in ca. 30-40% compared with that of control group and titer of cell-associated virus was 60-100% higher than that of control group. These results suggested that antiviral activity of EA on VSV(IND) might be due to the hindrance of viral entry to cells at eITher endocytosis or loss of envelope.

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Research Framework for International Franchising (국제프랜차이징 연구요소 및 연구방향)

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Lim, Young-Kyun;Shim, Jae-Duck
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.61-118
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this research is to construct research framework for international franchising based on existing literature and to identify research components in the framework. Franchise can be defined as management styles that allow franchisee use various management assets of franchisor in order to make or sell product or service. It can be divided into product distribution franchise that is designed to sell products and business format franchise that is designed for running it as business whatever its form is. International franchising can be defined as a way of internationalization of franchisor to foreign country by providing its business format or package to franchisee of host country. International franchising is growing fast for last four decades but academic research on this is quite limited. Especially in Korea, research about international franchising is carried out on by case study format with single case or empirical study format with survey based on domestic franchise theory. Therefore, this paper tries to review existing literature on international franchising research, providing research framework, and then stimulating new research on this field. International franchising research components include motives and environmental factors for decision of expanding to international franchising, entrance modes and development plan for international franchising, contracts and management strategy of international franchising, and various performance measures from different perspectives. First, motives of international franchising are fee collection from franchisee. Also it provides easier way to expanding to foreign country. The other motives including increase total sales volume, occupying better strategic position, getting quality resources, and improving efficiency. Environmental factors that facilitating international franchising encompasses economic condition, trend, and legal or political factors in host and/or home countries. In addition, control power and risk management capability of franchisor plays critical role in successful franchising contract. Final decision to enter foreign country via franchising is determined by numerous factors like history, size, growth, competitiveness, management system, bonding capability, industry characteristics of franchisor. After deciding to enter into foreign country, franchisor needs to set entrance modes of international franchising. Within contractual mode, there are master franchising and area developing franchising, licensing, direct franchising, and joint venture. Theories about entrance mode selection contain concepts of efficiency, knowledge-based approach, competence-based approach, agent theory, and governance cost. The next step after entrance decision is operation strategy. Operation strategy starts with selecting a target city and a target country for franchising. In order to finding, screening targets, franchisor needs to collect information about candidates. Critical information includes brand patent, commercial laws, regulations, market conditions, country risk, and industry analysis. After selecting a target city in target country, franchisor needs to select franchisee, in other word, partner. The first important criteria for selecting partners are financial credibility and capability, possession of real estate. And cultural similarity and knowledge about franchisor and/or home country are also recognized as critical criteria. The most important element in operating strategy is legal document between franchisor and franchisee with home and host countries. Terms and conditions in legal documents give objective information about characteristics of franchising agreement for academic research. Legal documents have definitions of terminology, territory and exclusivity, agreement of term, initial fee, continuing fees, clearing currency, and rights about sub-franchising. Also, legal documents could have terms about softer elements like training program and operation manual. And harder elements like law competent court and terms of expiration. Next element in operating strategy is about product and service. Especially for business format franchising, product/service deliverable, benefit communicators, system identifiers (architectural features), and format facilitators are listed for product/service strategic elements. Another important decision on product/service is standardization vs. customization. The rationale behind standardization is cost reduction, efficiency, consistency, image congruence, brand awareness, and competitiveness on price. Also standardization enables large scale R&D and innovative change in management style. Another element in operating strategy is control management. The simple way to control franchise contract is relying on legal terms, contractual control system. There are other control systems, administrative control system and ethical control system. Contractual control system is a coercive source of power, but franchisor usually doesn't want to use legal power since it doesn't help to build up positive relationship. Instead, self-regulation is widely used. Administrative control system uses control mechanism from ordinary work relationship. Its main component is supporting activities to franchisee and communication method. For example, franchisor provides advertising, training, manual, and delivery, then franchisee follows franchisor's direction. Another component is building franchisor's brand power. The last research element is performance factor of international franchising. Performance elements can be divided into franchisor's performance and franchisee's performance. The conceptual performance measures of franchisor are simple but not easy to obtain objectively. They are profit, sale, cost, experience, and brand power. The performance measures of franchisee are mostly about benefits of host country. They contain small business development, promotion of employment, introduction of new business model, and level up technology status. There are indirect benefits, like increase of tax, refinement of corporate citizenship, regional economic clustering, and improvement of international balance. In addition to those, host country gets socio-cultural change other than economic effects. It includes demographic change, social trend, customer value change, social communication, and social globalization. Sometimes it is called as westernization or McDonaldization of society. In addition, the paper reviews on theories that have been frequently applied to international franchising research, such as agent theory, resource-based view, transaction cost theory, organizational learning theory, and international expansion theories. Resource based theory is used in strategic decision based on resources, like decision about entrance and cooperation depending on resources of franchisee and franchisor. Transaction cost theory can be applied in determination of mutual trust or satisfaction of franchising players. Agent theory tries to explain strategic decision for reducing problem caused by utilizing agent, for example research on control system in franchising agreements. Organizational Learning theory is relatively new in franchising research. It assumes organization tries to maximize performance and learning of organization. In addition, Internalization theory advocates strategic decision of direct investment for removing inefficiency of market transaction and is applied in research on terms of contract. And oligopolistic competition theory is used to explain various entry modes for international expansion. Competency theory support strategic decision of utilizing key competitive advantage. Furthermore, research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative methodologies are suggested for more rigorous international franchising research. Quantitative research needs more real data other than survey data which is usually respondent's judgment. In order to verify theory more rigorously, research based on real data is essential. However, real quantitative data is quite hard to get. The qualitative research other than single case study is also highly recommended. Since international franchising has limited number of applications, scientific research based on grounded theory and ethnography study can be used. Scientific case study is differentiated with single case study on its data collection method and analysis method. The key concept is triangulation in measurement, logical coding and comparison. Finally, it provides overall research direction for international franchising after summarizing research trend in Korea. International franchising research in Korea has two different types, one is for studying Korean franchisor going overseas and the other is for Korean franchisee of foreign franchisor. Among research on Korean franchisor, two common patterns are observed. First of all, they usually deal with success story of one franchisor. The other common pattern is that they focus on same industry and country. Therefore, international franchise research needs to extend their focus to broader subjects with scientific research methodology as well as development of new theory.

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