• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.623-631
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• 2021

국내외 해상 위험·유해물질(HNS, Hazardous and Noxious Substances) 물동량 증가와 함께 HNS 유출 사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. HNS는 전 세계적으로 약 6,000여 종으로 대부분 유독한 성질을 가지므로 이러한 유출 사고 발생은 해양 생태계 파괴를 비롯하여 폭발 및 화재 등으로 인한 인명 및 재산피해를 유발한다. 따라서 해상 HNS 유출 사고를 대비하여 파장에 따른 HNS 분광 라이브러리 구축 및 탐지 알고리즘을 개발해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 프랑스 현지에서 지상 HNS 유출 실험을 진행하였다. 초분광센서 관측을 통해 파장에 따른 톨루엔 라이브러리 스펙트럼을 구축하였으며, 분광혼합 알고리즘을 활용하여 초분광 HNS를 탐지하였다. 전처리 과정으로 주성분 분석을 적용하여 노이즈 제거 및 차원 압축을 수행하였으며, N-FINDR 기법을 통해 영상을 대표하는 톨루엔과 해수의 엔드멤버 스펙트럼을 추출하였다. 스펙트럼 기반의 톨루엔 및 해수의 점유비율을 계산함으로써 모든 픽셀의 HNS 탐지 정확도를 확률로 제시하였다. 최대 탐지 정확도를 가지는 점유비율 선정을 위해 418.15 nm 파장의 복사도 영상과 비교하였으며, 그 결과 약 42%의 비율에서 99% 이상의 정확도를 나타내었다. 해상 HNS 유출은 높은 위험성으로 인해 사람이 쉽게 접근할 수 없는 한계를 지닌다. 본 HNS 실험과정 및 탐지 결과는 초분광 원격탐사에 기반한 HNS 오염 해역 추정에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the composition, detection rate, and exposure concentration of the airborne organic solvents from the working environmental measurements of total 4181 different type of workplace in 3280 workshops in which organic solvents are used. The results are as follows : 1. For all workplaces except washing, the detection rate of toluene and benzene were 80% and 20%, respectively. 2. The number of detection of aromatic hydrocarbon and ketone were ranged 1.41-2.39 and 0.62-0.90 per a sample in all workplaces except that showed 1.01 in washing. 3. The mean of detection frequency was $3.3{\pm}2.5$ in all workplaces and there was no significant difference among that of each workplaces. 4. The airborne concentrations of methyl methacrylate, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and ethyl ether were $43.5{\pm}47.0{\;}ppm,{\;}22.5{\pm}51.0{\;},{\;}19.8{\pm}57.6{\;}ppm,{\;}19.8{\pm}40.14{\;}ppm, respectively. And those of cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, and N,N-dimethyl formamide were $4.1{\pm}4.5$ ppm, $4.0{\pm}18.5{\;}ppm$, and $5.6{\pm}7.7{\;}ppm$, respectively and exceeded the occupational exposure limits enforced by Ministry of Labor in Korea. As the above results, it is suggested that the components of organic solvents should be indentified to efficient management, of working environment and conducted the engineering control for the workplaces using the hazardous materials.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.845-859
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• 2020

최근 기후변화와 여름철 고온 등으로 인한 녹조현상, 사고발생으로 인한 화학물질 및 유류 유출 등 수질오염과 관련된 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 수질오염 사례 중 화학사고로 인한 유해화학물질 유출은 인체에 접촉시 인체에 악영향을 끼치며, 대기·수질·토양을 오염시키고 주변 농작물의 변색이나 괴사를 유발하는 등 생태환경에 직접적인 피해가 발생한다. 하천으로 유출가능성이 있는 화학물질은 무색의 수용성인 경우가 많아 육안으로 유출 사실을 확인하기가 어렵다. 화학사고 발생시 화학물질의 탐지는 간이접촉식탐지장비를 이용하거나 화학물질의 유출이 우려되는 곳에 검출센서를 설치해 사고를 감시하고 있다. 이러한 접촉식 센서는 현장인력에 의존적이고, 설치식 검출센서 또한 제한적으로 설치되어 미설치 지역에 대한 능동적 탐지가 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 한편 최근 초분광 영상을 활용하여 물질 고유의 분광특성을 분석함으로써 토지피복, 식생, 수질 등의 식별에 활용되고 있다. 따라서 초분광 센서를 활용한 화학물질 감지 가능성도 보여주고 있지만 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 수계로 유출되는 유해화학물질을 식별하기 위하여 접촉식 탐지 기술의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 원격탐사기법과 최신 센서기술을 활용하였다. 유해화학물질 18종을 대상으로 초분광 영상을 이용한 상호 구분이 가능한 지 확인하고자 해당 유해화학물질의 초분광 영상을 촬영하여 분광라이브러리를 구축하였다. 향후 연구를 통해 유해화학물질 분광라이브러리 데이터베이스를 확대하고, 하천 적용에 대한 검증을 실시한 후 실시간 모니터링에 적용할 경우 신속한 화학사고 발생여부 감지 및 대응에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 1995

The quality of human life is directly related to the quality of the environment. To assess environmental quality we must first determine the MCLG(Maximum Contaminant Level Goal), MCL(Maximum Contaminant Level), environmental impact and so on. The MCLG is the concentration at which no known adverse health effects occur. The MCLG is determined by risk assessment identifying which process is hazardous assessing, dose-response, human exposure, and characteristics of risk. With consideration of analytical methods, treatment technology, cost and regulatory impact, the MCL is set as close to the MCLG as possible. In this way, determination of the concentration and national distribution of contaminants is important for assessment of environmental quality The analytical sciences pose potential problems in assessing environmental quality. Continuing improvement in the performance of analytical instruments and operating technique has been lowering the limits of detectability. Contaminant concentration below the detection limit has usually been reported as ND(Not-Detected) and this has often been misunderstood as equivalent to zero. Because of this, more the contaminant concentration in the past was below the detection limit, whereas contaminants can be quantified now even though the contaminant concentration might remain the same or may even have decreased. In addition, environmental sampling has various components due to heterogeneous matrices. These samples are used to overestimate the concentration of the contaminant due to large variability, resulting in excess readings for MCL. In this paper, the significance of the analytical sciences is emphasized in both a conceptual and a technical approach to environmental assessment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1287-1293
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• 2007

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, the residual pesticides and heavy metals in samples on the Korea and China are surveyed. Group I ($BHC-{\delta}$, $BHC-{\beta}$, Fenitrothion, Penthoate, Endosulfan-${\alpha}$, Dieldrin, Endosulfan-${\beta}$ and Endosulfan-sulfate), Group II (BHC-${\gamma}$, Aldrin, DDD, DDT-p,p Permethrin and Fenvalerate), Group III(BHC-${\alpha}$, Chlorpyrifos, Tolyfluanid, Captan and DDT-o,p) and Group IV(Quintozene, Vinclozolin, DDE and Chlorfenapyr) could analysed on gas chromatography-ECD for evaluation of residual pesticides. Qualified detection concentration on the GC-ECD are $0.45 ng/g{\sim}2.50 ng/g$. Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV are not detected in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China. Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. on the Korea are 3.06%, 7.00% and 5.78% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. on the China are 5.16%, 5.33% and 6.50% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). The hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China were verified the safety of the residual heavy metals and pesticides compare with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) advisory level.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2019

In this study, a chloroform consumer chemical product (CCP) reference material (RM) is successfully developed, with potential to be used in the proficiency testing of hazardous compounds in CCPs for analysis and testing agencies. Validation experiments are rigorously conducted to evaluate whether the RM meets the requirements set by the ISO 13528 and ISO Guide 35, using a reliable GC/MS method for the analysis of chloroform. The obtained calibration plot linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are excellent. The developed RM meets the homogeneity and stability requirements; the between-unit (s_bb) and within-unit (s_wb) standard deviations are less than 2.5%, and the stability is found to be guaranteed for 50 days.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2019

Objectives: In this study, we investigated an assessment for exposure levels of hazardous substances to kids cafes that unregulated by law. Methods: Heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, pesticides and phthalate were measured at 20 kids cafes in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon. Samplings were conducted from April to July in 2018. Results: Heavy metals were detected over the standard mainly around the floor and walls in the 19 kids cafes. Pesticides were detected in 7 locations with chlorpyrifos, diazinon and cypermethrin, and showed the highest detection level of chlorpyrifos. The concentrations of DEHP in all kids cafes were exceeded with standard. The risk assessment results showed that HCHO as carcinogen had a safety level and DEHP as non-carcinogens had a safety level as assessed to be under than 0.1. Conclusions: Considering the exposure investigation results and the importance of child health protection, kids cafe should be included in the legal management list of children's activities zones.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2013

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae는 시아노박테리아 일종이며 anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin 등의 독소를 생산할 수 있어 국내에서는 식품원료로 사용이 금지되어있다. 전통적으로 시아노박테리아는 사상체 넓이, 세포 크기, 분열방법, 세포형태, 가스주머니의 존재유무 등의 형태학적 특징에 의한 분류가 가능하다. 그러나 가스주머니 혹은 무성포자와 같은 특징은 주변 환경 또는 생장조건에 따라 차이가 있으며 경우에 따라 소실되기도 한다. 따라서 PCR에 의한 Aph. flos-aquae를 함유하는 기능식품을 검출할 수 있는 분석법을 개발하였다. 프라이머를 설계하기 위하여 유전자은행(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)에 등록되어있는 Aph. flos-aquae, 스피루리나의 16S rRNA 염기서열을 이용하였으며, 비교 및 분석에는 BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 최종적으로 클로렐라, 스피루리나, 녹차, 시금치로부터 Aph. flos-aquae를 검출할 수 있는 AFA-F1/AFA-R1(363 bp) 프라이머를 최종 선정하였다. 그리고 상기 프라이머는 Aph. flos-aquae가 각각 1% 함유 되도록 제조된 클로렐라, 스피루리나 제품에서 모두 혼입여부의 확인이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2023

Everyone is aware that air and environmental pollutants are harmful to health. Among them, indoor air quality directly affects physical health, such as respiratory rather than outdoor air. However, studies that have examined the correlation between environmental and health information have been conducted with public data targeting large cohorts, and studies with real-time data analysis are insufficient. Therefore, this research explores the research with an indoor air quality monitoring (AQM) system based on developing environmental detection sensors and the internet of things to collect, monitor, and analyze environmental and health data from various data sources in real-time. It explores the usage of wearable devices for health monitoring systems. In addition, the availability of big data and artificial intelligence analysis and prediction has increased, investigating algorithmic studies for accurate prediction of hazardous environments and health impacts. Regarding health effects, techniques to prevent respiratory and related diseases were reviewed.

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Since the unprecedented hydrogen fluoride leak accident in 2012, there has been growing demand for customized technical information for rapid response and chemical accident management agencies including the Ministry of Environment, the National Emergency Management Agency, and the National Police Agency need more information on chemicals and accident management. In this regard, this study aims to provide reliable technical data and guidelines to initial response agencies, similar to accident management technical reports of the US and Canada. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews on initial response agencies like fire stations, police stations, and local governments to identify new information items for appropriate initial response and improvements of current guidelines. We also collected and reviewed the Canada's TIPS, US EPA's hydrogen fluoride documents, domestic and foreign literature on applicability tests of control chemicals, and interview data, and then produced items to be listed in the technical guidelines. In addition, to establish database of on-site technical information, we carried out applicability tests for accident control data including ① emergency shut down devide, safety guard, shut down valve, ground connection, dyke, transfer pipe, scrubber, and sensor; ② literature and field survey on distribution type and transportation/storage characteristics (container identification, valve, ground connection, etc.); ③ classification and identification of storage/transportation facilities and emergency management methodslike leak prevention, chemicals control, and cutoff or bypass of rain drainage; ④ domestic/foreign analysis methods and environmental standards including portable detection methods, test standards, and exposure limits; and ⑤ comparison/evaluation of neutralization efficiency of control chemicals on toxic substances.