• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2012

Diseases caused by begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) constitute a serious constraint to tropical and sub-tropical agro-ecosystems worldwide. In recent years, they have also introduced in temperate regions of the world where they have great impact and are posing a serious threat to a variety of greenhouse crops. Begomoviral diseases can in extreme cases reduce yields to zero leading to catastrophic losses in agriculture. They are still evolving and pose a serious threat to sustainable agriculture across the world, particularly in tropics and sub-tropics. Till recently, there have been no records on the occurrence of begomoviral disease in South Korea, however, the etiology of other plant viral diseases are known since last century. The first begomovirus infected sample was collected from sweet potato plant in 2003 and since then there has been gradual increase in the begomoviral epidemics specially in tomato and sweet potato crops. So far, 48 begomovirus sequences originating from various plant species have been submitted in public sequence data base from different parts of the country. The rapid emergence of begomoviral epidemics might be with some of the factors like evolution of new variants of the viruses, appearance of efficient vectors, changing cropping systems, introduction of susceptible plant varieties, increase in global trade in agricultural products, intercontinental transportation networks, and changes in global climatic conditions. Another concern might be the emergence of a begomovirus complex and satellite DNA molecules. Thorough understanding of the pathosystems is needed for the designing of effective managements. Efforts should also be made towards the integration of the resistant genes for the development of transgenic plants specially tomato and sweet potato as they have been found to be widely infected in South Korea. There should be efficient surveillance for emergence or incursions of other begomoviruses and biotypes of whitefly. This review discusses the general characteristics of begomoviruses, transmission by their vector B. tabaci with an especial emphasis on the occurrence and distribution of begomoviruses in South Korea, and control measures that must be addressed in order to develop more sustainable management strategies.

• 전기의세계
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 1977

A mathematical model, which can be used for the study of an influenza epidemic, was derived. The model of influenza takes into full consideration the incubation period and inapparent infection. That was analysed by means of digital computer under the conditions of changing the infection rate, .betha., from 4 to 5, for three types of communities (First type: the initial distribution of population, x$_{1}$(0)=89% susceptibles, x$_{2}$(0)=3% incubatives, x$_{3}$(0)=0.5% carriers, x$_{4}$(0)=7.5% immunes; Second type: x$_{1}$(0)=79%, x$_{2}$(0)=3%, x$_{3}$(0)=0.5%, x$_{4}$(0)=17.5%; Third type: x$_{1}$(0)=69%, x$_{2}$(0)=3%, x$_{3}$(0)=0.5%, x$_{4}$(0)=27.5%, considering the rate of population increase, in Seoul. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study are summarized as follow. 1) The new model is quite reasonable in representing many phenomena connected with influenza spread. 2) The more influenza does prevail, the smaller the valve of attack rate becomes, while the contagious period becomes slightly longer. 3) The average infection rate, .betha., of influenza is approximately 5 per week time and X$_{4}$(0) is about 27.5 percent of the total population in Seoul spring 1961. 4) The number of carriers of influenza in Seoul spring 1961 becomes maximum within approximately 2.4 weeks after the attack of diseases. 5) About 68 percent of all cases in the contagious period is infected with influenza from 5 to 15 days after the attack of diseases. The auther believes that the method to study the influenza models in this paper will be helpful to study the characteristics of other epidemics. It will also contribute to public healthe management and the preventive policy decision against epidemics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2020

Livestock epidemics, such as foot and mouth disease, are causing enormous economic losses due to their strong infectious power. Early detection of infectious diseases in livestock is very important, but it is difficult to diagnose early in individual farms, and there are frequent cases of transmission through inter-farm movement such as veterinarians and feeding vehicles. In this study, we studied the technology that enables rapid diagnosis without veterinarian farm visits and prevents further spread by automatically monitoring the body temperature of livestock using ubiquitous-based information and communication technology in the early stage of onset and sending it in real time. We have presented a technique for systematically managing livestock epidemics at the farm level, regional level, and national level by using the community mapping technique by using the remote medical treatment system linked to the automatically collected information. In this process, community mapping items for each step and stakeholders were derived for crowd sourcing based spatial information technology.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

Annual epidemics of seasonal influenza occur during autumn and winter in temperate regions and have imposed substantial public health and economic burdens. At the global level, these epidemics cause about 3-5 million severe cases of illness and about 0.25-0.5 million deaths each year. Although annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease and its severe outcomes, influenza vaccination coverage rates have been at suboptimal levels in many countries. For instance, the coverage rates among the elderly in 20 developed nations in 2008 ranged from 21% to 78% (median 65%). In the U.S., influenza vaccination levels among elderly population appeared to reach a "plateau" of about 70% after the late 1990s, and levels among child populations have remained at less than 50%. In addition, disparities in the coverage rates across subpopulations within a country present another important public health issue. New approaches are needed for countries striving both to improve their overall coverage rates and to eliminate disparities. This review article aims to describe a broad conceptual framework of vaccination, and to illustrate four potential determinants of influenza vaccination based on empirical analyses of U.S. nationally representative populations. These determinants include the ongoing influenza epidemic level, mass media reporting on influenza-related topics, reimbursement rate for providers to administer influenza vaccination, and vaccine supply. It additionally proposes specific policy implications, derived from these empirical analyses, to improve the influenza vaccination coverage rate and associated disparities in the U.S., which could be generalizable to other countries.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.134-143
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• 2020

With the worldwide spread of African swine fever, interest in livestock epidemics is growing. Livestock transport vehicles are the main cause of the spread of livestock epidemics, but no empirical quarantine procedures and standards related to the mobility of livestock transport vehicles in South Korea. This study extracted livestock-related vehicles' trajectory by utilizing the facility visit history data from the Korea Animal Health Integrated System and the DTG (Digital Tachograph) data from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority and presented them as exposure indexes aggregating the link-time occupancy of each vehicle. As a result, a total of 274,519 livestock-related vehicle trajectories were extracted, and exposure values by link and zone were quantitatively derived. Through this study, it is expected that prior monitoring of livestock transport vehicles and the establishment of post-disaster prevention policies would be provided.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

The importance of prevention of epidemics is increasing due to the serious spread of infectious diseases. For prevention of epidemics, we need to focus on the non-contact industry. Therefore, in this paper, a face recognition door lock that controls access through non-contact is designed and developed. First very simple features are combined to find objects and face recognition is performed using Haar-based cascade algorithm. Then the texture of the image is binarized to find features using LBPH. An non-contact door lock system which composed of Raspberry PI 3B+ board, an ultrasonic sensor, a camera module, a motor, etc. are suggested. To verify actual performance and ascertain the impact of light sources, various experiment were conducted. As experimental results, the maximum value of the recognition rate was about 85.7%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2003

Since Rice bacterial grain rot (RGBR) was reported at 1986 in Korea, it has been severely occurred in 1994, 1995, 1998, and especially around 16,609 ha in 2000, and became a major disease in rice cultivation field. This study was focused on investigation of ecology of RGBR, weather conditions that affect development of epidemics, and development of an effective RGBR forecast system based on weather conditions during the rice heading period.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.9-12
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• 2003

Clubroot disease of curcifer crops caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae had been first reported in 1920 in Korea, and maintained mild occurrence until 1980s. Since 1990s the disease has become severe in alpine areas of Kyonggi and Kangwon, gradually spread to plain fields throughout the country, and remains as the greatest limiting factor for its production. Researches on the disease has begun in late 1990s in our laboratory after experiencing severe epidemics. Survey of occurrence and etiological and ecological studies have been carried out, particularly, on the pathogen physiology, race identification, quantification of soil pathogen population, host spectrum of the pathogen, and control measures.(중략)

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-215
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• 2012

SNS has been recognized as a means of expanding social capital by promoting interaction and efficient communication among users. On the other hand, there are serious concerns on negative side of social network which is often called epidemics. Trust plays a critical role in controlling the spread of distorted information and vicious rumor as well as reducing uncertainties and risk from unreliable users in social network. This study focuses on what the antecedents of interpersonal trust are in social network. We performed online survey from 252 Twitter users and tested candidate antecedents which are chosen from previous literature. As a result, propensity to trust of trustor, ability and sincerity of trustee, intimacy between trustor and trustee significantly affected to the interpersonal trust in Twitter.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The two distinctive clinical features of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are varicella (chickenpox) by primary infection and zoster (singles) by the reactivation of latent infection. In addition to the two typical clinical symptoms mentioned above, diverse clinical manifestations have been reported as a result of VZV reactivation, including chronic radicular pain without rash, visual loss, facial palsy, dysphagia, sore throat, odynophagia, otalgia, hearing loss, dizziness, headache, hemiplegia, etc. Most of these symptoms are derived from neuropathy and vasculopathy of affected nerves and arteries. Diagnosis of VZV disease can be difficult if there is no appearance of a skin rash during development of atypical symptoms. In addition to natural infection, vaccination and anti-viral agent treatment have influenced the changes of epidemics and clinical presentations of varicella and zoster. In this article, diverse clinical manifestations caused by VZV reactivation, particular without skin rash, are reviewed.