• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.207-224
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• 2011

Diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria constitute an emerging threat to global food security. Xanthomonas is a large genus of Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in several host plants leading to considerable losses in productivity and quality of harvests. Despite the ranges of controlling techniques available, the microbiological safety of economically important crops and crop plants including fruits and vegetables continues to be a major concern to the agriculture industry. On the other hand, many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic, non-biodegradable and cause extended environmental pollution. Besides, the use of antibiotics has provoked an increased resistance among the bacterial pathogens and their pathovars. Thus, novel efficient and safe remedies for controlling plant bacterial diseases are necessary. There has been an increasing interest worldwide on therapeutic values of natural products such as essential oils, hence the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the published data on the antibacterial efficacy of essential oils that could be considered suitable for application in agriculture as biocontrol measures against plant pathogenic bacteria of Xanthomonas species. The current knowledge on the use of essential oils to control Xanthomonas bacteria in vitro and in vivo models has been discussed. A brief description on the legal aspects on the use of essential oils against bacterial pathogens has also been presented. Through this review, a mode of antibacterial action of essential oils along with their chemical nature and the area for future research have been thoroughly discussed.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2022

Purpose : In recent years, essential oils have been produced using natural extracts for various uses. Their functionality is currently being tested not only for cosmetics and perfumes but also for other categories of products. Therefore, this study verified their antibacterial effects on S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and L. gasseri which are the representative strains that cause oral diseases. Methods : Eighteen types of natural essential oils were made at a concentration of 50 % (v/v) using Tween 20, and their antibacterial effects were verified by applying S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and L. gasseri. The antibacterial effects were measured with the disc diffusion method. All the experiments were repeated three times, and the mean value of three measurement values for each variable was used for data analysis. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted using these mean values. Results : Of the eighteen types of essential oils tested, sixteen types showed antibacterial effects on S. mutans, and sixteen and fifteen types exhibited antibacterial effects on P. gingivalis and L. gasseri respectively. The types of essential oils with high-level antibacterial activities were geranium, may chang, and bergamot for S. mutans, lemongrass, bergamot, and eucalyptus for P. gingivalis, and lemongrass, machan, and geranium for L. gasseri in order of antibacterial effect. This result was statistically significant (p<.001). In addition, in the case of mandarin oil, it was found that there was no antibacterial activity in all three strains. Conclusion : This study proved the antibacterial activities of essential oils, which are used for various purposes in daily life, against dental caries and periodontal diseases. The study results will likely be applied to different prevention programs for oral health and broadly used to develop products such as oral care items and dentifrices.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.195-198
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the potential use of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC. as a source of antimicrobial agents against food borne pathogens. Essential oils of Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum A.P. DC. were collected by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was examined using the agar diffusion and micro-dilution assays. The effectiveness of Z. schinifolium essential oil was greater against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus than other pathogens, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 1.25, 2.5, and 1.25, 2.5, and $1.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Z. piperitum A.P. DC. essential oil was the most effective against all pathogens tested except for Escherichia coli O157:H7, and the MIC values against B. cereus, Salmonella choleraesuis, and V. parahaemolyticus were 1.25, 2.5, and $1.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Limonene, the major component of Z. piperitum A.P. DC. essential oils, had the highest inhibitory activity toward V. parahaemolyticus with a MIC value of $0.15\;{\mu}g/mL$. Meanwhile, citronellal and geranyl acetate, major components of both essential oils, displayed antibacterial activity against only B. cereus with MIC values of 1.25 and $5\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Therefore, these essential oils could be useful as antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2014

This study investigates the chemical compositions of Aster koraiensis Nakai essential oils and the quantitative changes of major terpene compounds according to various harvesting times. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Aster koraiensis Nakai are being analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil compositions of Aster koraiensis Nakai are characterized byhigher contents of sesquiterpene compounds. Ninety-seven volatile flavor compounds are being identified in the essential oils from Aster koraiensis Nakai harvested in 2010, and caryophyllene oxide (8.38%), aristolene (7.08%), epiglobulol (5.57%), and ethyl furanone (4.73%) are the most abundant compounds. Ninety-five compounds are identified in the essential oils from the plants harvested in 2011, and aristolene (11.56%), calarene (9.33%), phytol (8.28%), ethyl furanone (7.63%), and epiglobulol (7.18%) are the most abundant compounds. Ninety-five compounds are being identified in the essential oils from the plants harvested in 2012, and calarene (15.3%), aristolene (14.24%), ethyl furanone (7.21%), phytol (6.98%) are the major compounds. The contents of aristolene, ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-muurolene, ${\alpha}$-calacorene, aromadendrene oxide, and calarene increase significantly from 2010 to 2012. The contents of ${\alpha}$-cubebene, isocaryophyllene, and diepi-${\alpha}$-cedrene epoxide decrease significantly from 2010 to 2012. The quantitative changes of aristolene and calarene according to harvesting time can be served as a quality index of the Aster koraiensis Nakai essential oils.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권2호통권125호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2001

The composition of essential oils in the leaves of three cultivars (Ban-Chung-Gat, Chung-Gat and Dolsan-Gat) of Brassica juncea L. were analyzed and their antifungal activity were investigated in this study. Allyl isothiocyanate, 2-phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate, 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene, 5-methyl isothiazole, benzene acetaldehyde, benzene propane nitrile and beta-ionone have been identified in all of the experimented oils. The main component of the oils from Ban-Chung-Gat and Chung-Gat was 2-phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate while allyl isothiocyanate was the representing compound in the oil of Dolsan-Gat. The antifungal activities of the oils were tested by micro broth dilution method and disc diffusion method. As the result the oils exhibited significant inhibiting activities against Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma viride, Candida albicans, C. utilis, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon mucoides, Trichophyton tonsurans and Geotrichum capitatum.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2003

전통적인 향기치료제로 쓰여 온 회향, 유향 그리고 노간주를 사용하여 최근 신기술로 평가되고 있는 초임계 유체추출법을 통해 생체 조절기능을 지닌 기능성 정유 성분을 추출하였다. 기존의 SDE 추출법과 비교하여 추출수율 측면에서 비교적 높은 결과를 얻어내어 정유 추출시 장차 SDE 추출법을 대체할 신기술로 평가되었다. 추출용매를 사용해야 하는 SDE 추출법과는 달리 무색, 무취인 $CO_2$를 이용하여 정유 성분을 분리하는 초임계 추출법은 인체에 무해한 정유 성분을 얻을 수 있다는 것이 가장 큰 장점이라 사료되며, 분리된 정유 물질에 대해 성분 분석 결과 대부분이 휘발성 알코올 계열에 물질임을 확인할 수 있었다. 정유 성분들에 대한 생리활성 실험결과 항암, 항 돌연변이 그리고 신경활성이 아주 높은 것으로 나타나 aroma-theraphy로서의 가능성을 제시하였다고 사료된다. 나아가 이 정유성분에 대한 in vivo 실험을 통해 기초 의약품으로서 연구가 수행되어진다면 전통적인 치료제로서 사용된 천연물에 대한 현대적 가치부여가 가능하다고 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Essential oil은 식물로부터 추출한 휘발성의 호지방성 화합물로서 essential oil은 잠재적으로 항균, 항진균, 진경련, 항말라리아성, 곤충퇴치능력 등의 생물학적 효과를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 방향식물에서 추출한 Citral, Pineole, Linalool, Eugenol, Limonene, Pinene 등으로 구성된 다섯종류의 essential oil을 사용하였으며, 여덟 군의 중요한 병원성 세균인 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Streptococcus sanguis(S. sanguis), Streptococcus anginosus(S. anginosus), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(A. actinomycetem- comitans), Streptococcus sobrinus(S. sobrinus), Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis), Esherichia coli (E. coli)에 대한 저항성으로서 항균능력을 평가하였다. Essential oil의 항균능력은 용액희석방법을 사용하여 검사하였으며, essential oil 농도범위는 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.625 mg/mL, 0.516 mg/mL, 0.3125 mg/mL, 0.078 mg/mL, 0.039 mg/mL, 그리고 0.015 mg/mL였다. Essential oil은 용량 의존적으로 시험 균주의 성장을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, NM을 제외하고 R, LG, FR, O oil은 저농도에서 구강 병원성 미생물의 성장을 억제하였다. 또한 사용된 essential oil은 E.coli와 S. epidermidis의 성장에는 탁월한 억제효과를 보이지는 못했으나 구강 병원성 미생물에 대해서는 특별한 성장 억제효과를 나타냈다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2021

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous arthropod vectors that transmit epizootic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Arboviruses are recognized as causes of pregnancy loss, encephalomyelitis, and congenital malformations in ruminants. Therefore, continuous monitoring and control of Culicoides, which causes significant damage to industrial animals are necessary. We performed attraction and repellent tests in Culicoides using various essential oils, cow dung, and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Culicoides tended to move more to cow dung (60.8%, P<0.0001) and CO₂ (63.8%, P<0.01). To the essential oils as repellents, 26.1% (P<0.0001), 18.7% (P<0.001), and 25.5% (P<0.01) of the Culicoides moved to the lavender, lemongrass, and eucalyptus chamber, respectively. The Culicoides that moved to the 3 essential oils chambers showed markedly low activity. Collectively, it was showed that Culicoides tended to be attractive to cow dung and CO₂, and repellent from the 3 essential oils.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2018

The essential oils are fragrant products whose complex compositions are obtained from various parts of plants by dry or steam distillation. Plants with variable biological activities have been explored worldwide. The presence of a large number of phenols, terpenes and other aromatic compounds make essential oils more precise in their mode of action. Because of this, they are known to possess many biological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory etc. In this article, we will review the published literature summarizing the chemistry of essential oils and their important biological activities.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1003-1008
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• 2004

11 plant essential oils are screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, which are causative agents of serious plant diseases. The radial growth of the test fungi were reduced in response to the oils. Among them, the essential oil from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum inhibited 3 tested fungi growth, strongly, followed by those of oregano and thyme. The major constituents of the three essential oils, cinnaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol were tested for their effects on the fungi. From the results obtained, cinnamaldehyde, the major constituents of C. zeylanicum bark esential oil, has potential to be developed as a biopesticide for controlling phytopathogenic fungi causing serious damages on the important crops cultivated in Korea.