• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.707-710
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• 2001

With rapid industrial development, railway has become a main traffic means. But, the railway noise has caused much annoyance for the residents living nearby railway track. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the environmental quality standards for railway noise like the environmental quality standards for traffic noise. In this study, the domestic and foreign standards for railway noise were investigated with analysis of existing data and field survey of noise condition at near a railway.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

To data, there was no systematic basis for establishing the content and allowed levels of general contamination substances in the Korean groundwater quality standards for non-drinking water. Recently, use of specific procedures for deriving valid groundwater quality standards have become mandatory. This study first investigated the methodology for deriving groundwater quality standards in the European Commission (EC), considering background groundwater quality and domestic and international standards related to water quality. Furthermore, this study investigated the existing specified procedure of standards related to water quality (e.g. surface water, drinking water, and wastewater). Our findings showed that EC and Member States presented the methods for deriving groundwater threshold values for general chemicals. Finally, we have proposed the following procedures of deriving Korean groundwater quality: (1) Selection of groundwater pollutant population, (2) selection and monitoring of priority substances, (3) monitoring, (4) selection of groundwater quality standard candidates, (5) selection of new substances and values for groundwater quality standards.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

Establishment of a new concept of environmental friendly livestock manure management is required based on the facts. But now liquid fertilizer quality in korea shows a large difference among regions and the regulations are uncertain. Focusing on precedent study on main level-grading factors of liquid fertilizer quality certification, the study collected laws and standards related to liquid fertilizer of livestock manure at home and abroad and produced evaluation standards. Liquid fertilizer was divided into four factors (fertilizing value, harmfulness, stability and uniformity). According to each item, scores were awarded based on 16 details: fertilizing value (Nitrogen concentration, the whole concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphoric acid and Kalium), harmfulness (heavy metals, pathogenic microorganism and antibiotics), stability (maturity degree and odour), uniformity (EC, BOD, SS, moisture content and salt). The grade of liquid fertilizer, A (42~48), B (34~41), C (26~33) were rated using total scores.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to analyze trends of water pollutants and to evaluate the achievement of water quality standards by subbasins in the Han River. The trends of 40 water pollutants at 232 water quality measurement points were analyzed. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total organic carbon (TOC), Total coliforms (TC), et cetera were found to be worsening trend. For evaluation of achievement, we evaluated water quality arithmetic mean with river environment standards and human health standards at representative points of the subbasin. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), TOC, Total phosphorus (T-P), Fecal coliforms (FC), TC exceeded water quality standards, and water quality of human health standards was all satisfied. So, we prioritized pollutants. If pollutants exceed water quality standards or were worse, they were classified first pollutants. Although BOD and T-P are first pollutants because of water quality standards excess, they are continuously improved. Also, it is better to maintain current status because water quality management system of BOD and T-P is well prepared. Meanwhile, TOC, TC, and FC exceed water quality standards. Furthermore, they were worse gradually, but there is a lack of management systems such as water quality standards of the effluence facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the system. The results of this study can be used as primary data for the establishment of water quality standards and selection of management pollutants.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.360-368
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• 2016

A more efficient use of nutrients can benefit both farmers and water quality. To propose an establishment scheme for official standards for liquid fertilizer from swine manure slurry, we evaluated previous and present data related to swine manure as well as analyzed 101 swine manure samples collected from 28 public livestock recycling centers throughout the nation. From these investigations, we found that the official standards for byproduct fertilizers set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised due to nutrient content requirements having to meet at least 0.3% content for the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Otherwise, most of the swine manure cannot be utilized as a liquid fertilizer because the result of the 101 samples' analysis showed fewer than 28% of them met the minimum standard of ${\geq}0.3%$ content for the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while the contents of heavy metals as indicators of toxicity met the standard requirements. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers set by RDA should be revised as follows: no limit for nutrient contents and addition of chloride as homogeneity. Also, NaCl should be changed to Na because NaCl cannot be analyzed by instrument.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.617-622
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• 2011

The policy of total maximum daily load (TMDL) was introduced to manage wasteload within the loading capacity to achieve water quality standards in the watershed. While the TMDL was implemented, the institutional and technical correction for the improvement of procedure was accomplished even though there were various problems and basically through the process of trial & error. However, a fundamental improvement of this policy is needed to implement the TMDL. This study has come up with a new viewpoint on improving this procedure for reasonable implementation of TMDL. First of all, the water quality and flowrate monitoring of the tributaries should be implemented. This should be done through the establishment of a monitoring system which will include standards of scope, a set time period, water quality parameters and frequency follow ups for the implementation of TMDL. The basic plan in all of the watersheds should be developed based on the establishment of water quality parameters and standards for water use and ecological purposes according to the results of the water quality and flowrate monitoring in the watersheds. The implementation plan for water quality improvement should be established in the watersheds where exceeds the targeted water quality standards. The performance assessment of TMDL should be conducted every year to meet the satisfaction assessment of water quality standards in the watersheds. Finally, if the water quality standards in the watersheds can not be attained or the water quality parameters and standards should be changed, the implementation procedure will be performed according to the iterative process. On the contrary, the policy of TMDL in the watersheds where the water quality standards have been met the goal will be finished.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.630-635
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• 2013

There is a need to establish systematic procedure of groundwater quality standards, however, there were no specified basis for establishing substances and values in Korean groundwater quality standards for non-drinking water. In this study, we reviewed basis for deriving groundwater quality standard in the developed countries, considering carcinogenic and non-carciongenic risk via inhalation and dermal contact exposure pathways. Also, we reviewed the prior systematic procedure of standards related to water quality (e.g. drinking water, surface water, and wastewater). USEPA RAGS, ASTM RBCA, and Massachusettes presented the formulas for deriving groundwater concentrations of chemicals and there were similarity and differences. We suggests systematic procedure of groundwater quality standards, as follows. (1) Selection of groundwater pollutants population, (2) Possibility of risk assessment, (3) Selection of monitoring priority substances, (4) Monitoring, (5) Risk assessment, (6) Selection of groundwater quality standard candidates, (7) Selection of new substances and values for groundwater quality standards. Especially, groundwater concentration of hazardous material were presented according to revised risk formulas via inhalation and dermal contact.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.462-471
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• 2017

A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer to propose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer for organic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, the liquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meet the goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because the terms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities and parameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers should be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also we need to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as well as application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.351-373
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• 1995

The objective of this paper is to present relevant information and data from domestic and foreign references and to propose legal standards on pesticide residues in order to mitigate the pesticide contamination in the water environment. Among 200 pesticide ingredients in use in Korea, items necessary for standard setting were selected and theoretical residue limits were computed. The results are summarized as follows. In advanced countries, drinking water standards are established on the basis of health index ADI and water intake, whereas standards for surface water are established temporarily on the basis of different parameters, inconsistent with different countries. Pesticide residue limits applicable in Korea were proposed for 24 pesticides in drinking water(health basis) and for 25 pesticides in surface water(ecotoxicological basis), as selected by risk priority. It was recommended to accumulate scientific data by persistent research efforts in order to maintain the justification of the pesticide residue limits in water and relevant research topics to be undertaken in future were proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2014

Korea has been trying to manage water quality of rivers and lakes in many ways. Ministry of Environment is making continuous efforts of operation control improvement such as strengthening effluent standards in sewage treatment plants and expanding Tele-Monitoring System (TMS). However, evaluation method for operations of sewage treatment plants and establishment system of effluent standards are inadequate. The objective of this study is to evaluate for operations of sewage treatment plants using statistics technique such as frequency analysis, percentile, normal distribution analysis. We used the effluent data (BOD, COD, SS) collected at 299 plants in 2012. The values were very low by comparison with standards. The Data followed a normal distribution. We think that distribution characteristics are closely related with effluent standards, especially T-P and BOD. Statistics technique attempted in this study can be used to evaluate for operations of sewage treatment plants and assess the appropriateness of effluent standards based on TBEL(Technology-based effluent limitation). And, this technique can be used to figure out the overall level of plants, the status of each plant and the favorable treatment process for each item (BOD, COD etc.). Data acquired through this method can be used to improve facilities and operation techniques and decide on a sewerage policy.