• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2015

Smart Grid devices are the major components of the Smart Grid. They collect and process a variety informations relating power services and support intelligent power services by exchanging informations with other SG devices or systems. However, If a SG device is attacked, the device can provide attack route to attacker and attacker can attack other SG devices or systems using the route. It may cause problem in power services. So, when cyber incident is happened, we need to acquire and examine digital evidence of SG device quickly to secure availability of SG. In this paper, we designed remote evidence acquisition system to acquire digital evidences from SG devices to response quickly to incidents of SG devices. To achieve this, we analyzed operating environment of SG devices and thought remote digital evidence acquisition system of SG devices will be more effective than remote digital evidence acquisition system targeted general IT devices. So, we introduce design method for SG devices remote evidence acquisition system considered operating environment of SG devices.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.319-328
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• 2013

Considerable number of major countries have put great efforts to leverage the efficiency of power consumption using Smart Grid in order to resolve the critical issues with drastical growing demands regarding electricity, the crisis of environmental pollution and so on. There has been increasing number of researches to construct Smart Grid in Korea as well. The threats of cyber terror attacks which might cause national crisises in terms of economy and society have been climbing up because of the fact that Smart Grid employs bi-directional communications embedding the cyber threats from existing/legacy communication networks. Consequently, it is required to build concrete response processes including investigation and analysis on cyber breaches into Smart Grid. However, the digital evidence acquisition techniques do not suffice to be deployed in Smart Grid systems despite of the fact that the techniques, against cyber breaches into well-known networks, have been studied in plenty of time. This work proposes a novel digital evidence acquisition scheme appropriate to Smart Grid systems through intensive investigation of the evidence acquisition requirements in Smart Grid and the historical evidence acquisition methods.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.335-353
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• 2005

In recent years there has been much discussion about whether there is a critical, or sensitive period for language acquisition. Research on a critical period provides an excellent example around which we can organize a discussion of the behavioral and neural evidence. In this paper, the early history of critical periods and evidence for the existence of critical periods in various domains of human cognition and learning are reviewed. Followed by this overview, evidence for a critical period in both linguistic and non linguistic area are presented. The paper then provides some unresolved questions regarding a critical period in language acquisition and states what the outcome of this issues mean for an understanding of language acquisition. Finally the paper concludes with some educational implications of a critical period for practice.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-171
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• 2003

This paper critically reviewed the role of negative feedback in second language acquisition with a focus on recasts based on the findings of recent research investigating the effects of recasts on second language acquisition. First, recasts as negative feedbacks or negative evidence were reviewed in terms of Pinker's four criteria: the evidence of existence, availability, use, and necessity of recasts in second language acquisition. Second, the issue of the nature of recasts, whether they have benefits in SLA as a negative or positive evidence, was discussed with reference to Leeman(2003)'s research findings. Then, in relation to availability and use of recasts, the issue of the extent that they are noticed by learners was reviewed based on the findings from Philp(2003)'s study. Finally, the limitations of these two studies and the research orientation of future study were mentioned.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.195-221
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• 1994

This study investigates the wealth effect of foreign acquisition of U.S. based firms. Contrary to previous studies, this analysis demonstrates that after appropriate control of domestic-acquired targets, the wealth gains to the shareholders of targets in foreign takeovers are similar to those in domestic takeovers. This paper investigates the validity of the competitive acquisition market in cross-border takeovers and concludes that : 1) in cases of inward foreign direct investment into the U.S., foreign firms do not realize significant net benefits from acquisitions; and 2) the foreign acquirer is as well informed as its U.S, counterparts about the target's market. The results of this study are consistent with the view that each country has different motivations for investing in the U.S. market. Consider, for example, Japan. The evidence suggests that Japanese companies pay a considerable price for U.S. targets which have performed poorly before the takeover. While there is no specific rationale to explain why Japanese firms buy the most volatile and worst performing firms, international barriers may provide a possible reason for these anomalies. Overall, the evidence of this paper supports the view that foreign takeovers occur in a competitive acquisition market.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.139-172
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• 2002

Comtemporary firms need capability of acquiring external knowledge and internalizing it to cope with environmental fluctuation. The paper analyzes the impact of absorptive capacity, an ability to recognize and utilize external knowledge, on knowledge acquisition of the firm, and examines the role of trust in the knowledge acquisition process. Data were collected from 84 domestic companies that had adopted ERP packages. The results indicate that prior experiences of knowledge acquisition, communication mechanism, and conflict resolution mechanism affect knowledge acquisition positively. Among those independent variables, communication mechanism and conflict resolution mechanism significantly and positively related with trust. Trust is, in turn, positively associated with knowledge acquisition. Meanwhile, previous knowledge base and prior relationship with the knowledge provider do not affect knowledge acquisition. Further, the results provide evidence that trust plays a mediating role between other absorptive capacity factors and knowledge acquisition.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2006

Software reliability prediction is a statistical method to put in place a timely software development practice useful for objective assessment of bidders. The current study suggests one research method that enables reliability assessment of such previous projects by studying user satisfaction and project management history. If incorporated into the existing acquisition process, the reliability assessment method will further enhance objectivity and accuracy in bidder selection process. The GQM(Goal Question Metric) paradigm was used to identify assessment metrics for bidder evaluation and questionnaires were collected from users to create user satisfaction indexes. In addition, 'weight of evidence', the most appropriate categorical method, was used to isolate attributes of each variable that may contribute to reliability assessment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

As a growing number of people are concerned about the protection of personal information, the use of encryption solution has been increased. In addition, with the end of support for Windows XP and the improvement of operating system, the use of the Full Disk Encryption solution like Bitlocker will be increased. Therefore, it is necessary to consider countermeasures against Full Disk Encryption for the future digital forensic investigation. This paper provides the digital evidence acquisition procedure that responds to the Full Disk Encryption environment and introduces the countermeasures and detection tool against Full Disk Encryption solutions that are widely used.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2013

Over the past decade, driven by advances in educational theory and pressures for efficiency in the clinical environment, there has been a shift in surgical education and training towards enhanced simulation training. Microsurgery is a technical skill with a steep competency learning curve on which the clinical outcome greatly depends. This paper investigates the evidence for educational and training interventions of traditional microsurgical skills courses in order to establish the best evidence practice in education and training and curriculum design. A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases was performed to identify randomized control trials looking at educational and training interventions that objectively improved microsurgical skill acquisition, and these were critically appraised using the BestBETs group methodology. The databases search yielded 1,148, 1,460, and 2,277 citations respectively. These were then further limited to randomized controlled trials from which abstract reviews reduced the number to 5 relevant randomised controlled clinical trials. The best evidence supported a laboratory based low fidelity model microsurgical skills curriculum. There was strong evidence that technical skills acquired on low fidelity models transfers to improved performance on higher fidelity human cadaver models and that self directed practice leads to improved technical performance. Although there is significant paucity in the literature to support current microsurgical education and training practices, simulated training on low fidelity models in microsurgery is an effective intervention that leads to acquisition of transferable skills and improved technical performance. Further research to identify educational interventions associated with accelerated skill acquisition is required.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 1992

The purpose of the present study was to examine the development of embedding through relative clause formation in the first language acquisition of Korean. Results are reported from the study of the spantaneous natural speech of 36 young Korean children ranging from 16 months to 45 months in age acquiring Korean as their first language in Chinju, Korea. The results revealed a developmental order in the first language acquisition of Korean relative clause structures. Namely, a free or headless relative clause appears to be acquired first, before lexically headed restrictive relative construction. This order is consistent with one evidenced in English (and also Chinese) first language acquisition, 'free' relatives appear to provide a developmentally early stage in the acquisition of restrictive relative clauses. The Korean data provided additional evidence for an intermediary stage with an overt complementizer as well as an overt lexical head. Implications for the results are disscused with regard to a continuous theory of universal grammar in the first language acquisition.