• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2001

Purpose : Eyeball movement is one of the main artifacts in EEG. A new approach to the removal of these artifacts is presented using independent component analysis(ICA). This technique is a signal-processing algorithm to separate independent sources from unknown mixed signals. This study was performed to show that ICA is a useful method for the separation of EEG components with little data deformity. Methods : 12 sets of 10 sec digital EEG data including eye opening and closure were obtained using international 10~20 system scalp electrodes. ICA with 18 tracings of double banana bipolar montage was performed. Among obtained 18 independent components, two components, which were thought to be eyeball movements were removed. Other 16 components were reconstructed into original bipolar montage. Power spectral analysis of EEGs before and after ICA was done and compared statistically. Total 12 pairs of data were compared by visual inspection and relative power comparison. Results : Waveforms of each pair looked alike by visual inspection. Means of relative power before and after ICA were 29.16% vs. 28.27%, 12.12% vs. 12.41%, 10.55% vs. 10.52%, and 19.33% vs. 18. 33% for alpha, beta, theta, and delta, respectively. These values were statistically same before and after ICA. Conclusions : We found little data deformity after ICA and it was possible to isolate eyeball movements in EEG recordings. Many other components of EEG could be selectively separated using ICA.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.77.4-77
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• 2002

Communicating devices for the seriously disabled using eye-ball movement or some body movement are proposed. The first one is a device to use image processing, whose input signal is eyeball movement, A feature of this device is that the device can be readily realized using a note-book computer with USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface bus. This device is incorporated with a word processing software called Nearly Ladder. The second one is an emergency call switch which is used by a patient who can move his finger slightly. The patients can switch on the emergency switch only by touching a switch with his finger. The essence of this sensor is a touch sensor. The sensor can be realized using onl...

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2001

The vision disturbances of school- age children has been recognized as and important school health problem. As the visual disturbances of the school-age children is recognized as the nation's health problem. the importance of the development of educational program for visual health should be emphasized. Recently, eyeball movement and other visual health management method has been introduced for prevention or recovery of decrease in visual acuity. But, the effect of eyeball movement was not confirmed yet. And, the controversy around the treatment effect is continued. The decrease of visual acuity is one of the important school health problem as well as it causes discomfort in daily life of the students. So, it should be considered as an important subject for school health and there is a need to develop an effective intervention program for visual health. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the program with the recognition of the need of the intervention for visual health. The visual health promotion program was developed by the researcher and the program was initiated by the school. Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was applied for study which examined the effect of the visual health promotion program. The subjects were 742 children (experimental group: 398; control group: 344). The experiment was composed of health education and eyeball movement. Health education was provided 5 times to the children in the class room. Children of experimental group exercised eyeball movement in the class, watching video for 10 minutes two times a day. The exercise was continued for 10 weeks. The result of the study were as follows. 1) change of visual acuity Before the intervention, mean of the visual acuity was .86 for the experimental group and .91 for control group. After the intervention, mean of visual acuity was .95 for the experimental group and. 90 for the control group. There was no significant difference in the change of visual acuity between experimental and control group. 2) change of refraction. In the experimental group, 327 eyes (41.08%) were normal vision and 469 eyes (58.98%) were eyes of refraction errors, 38.82 % of the total eyes were myopia. There was no significant change in the refraction in the children with myopia after the intervention. 3) Awareness of visual acuity, change of knowledge, behavior. and attitude (1) After the intervention, there was a significant difference in the awareness of visual acuity (experimental group: 70.10%. control group: 50.97%, p<.01). (2) After the intervention, there was a significant knowledge increase in the experimental group (pp<.01). (3) There was no significant difference in the visual health behavior after the intervention. (4) There was a significant positive change in the attitude related to visual health in the experimental group ( pp<.05). 4) There was a significant positive change in the subjective discomfort of the students. But, there was no significant change in the objective eye symptom after the intervention. Even though there was no effect in the visual acuity and the change of the refraction. subjective visual health as well as the attitude and knowledge' of the children and parents toward visual health was improved significantly. Also, there was an increase in the intention of change and the awareness for the visual health management. It is suggested that various educational strategies for visual health promotion should be developed and examined for the visual health promotion of the students.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2012

Purpose: Brown syndrome is motility disorder of the eyeball which shows limited elevation in adduction and occurs very rarely after eye surgery. The authors have experienced a case of strabismus-like Brown syndrome combined with blepharoptosis and report this case with the review of literatures. Methods: A 28-year-old female suffered from hypotropia in the primary gaze and severe blepharoptosis with diplopia of the right eye after upper blepharoplasty. Rotation showed an inability to elevate the adducted right eye. She underwent extraocular muscle surgery about the 7 mm tucking of the right superior rectus muscle and 6 mm recession of right inferior rectus muscle. Intraoperatively, injury of the superior rectus muscle and foreign body were observed. Seven months after the extraocular surgery, the patient underwent frontalis muscle transfer on the right upper eyelid for the correction of blepharoptosis. Results: Postoperatively, the patient was orthophoric in the primary gaze, and she had improvements in the correction of blepharoptosis and eyeball movement. Conclusion: Repeated eyelid surgeries increase the risk of ocular motility disorder. Careful approach is essential for the proper treatment and successful outcome in secondary surgeries.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2009

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas are isolated plasma cell tumors of soft tissue that typically do not metastasize. They are rare and account for 4% of all plasma cell tumors. To our knowledge, only 14 cases of solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas in the sphenoid sinus have been reported. A 32-year-old man presented to our department with complaint of ocular pain in the right eyeball and diplopia. Physical and neurological examinations revealed intact and prompt direct and indirect light reflexes in both pupils and limitation of extraocular muscle movement seen with the lateral gaze of the right eyeball. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested the presence of mucocele or mycetoma, therefore surgical resection was performed with endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Histopathology was consistent with plasmacytoma. Systemic work-up did not show any evidence of metastasis and the sphenoid sinus was the sole tumor site, and therefore the diagnosis of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma was confirmed. We report a rare case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the sphenoid sinus with successful treatment using the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

Objective : Moxibustion is one of the primary remedies in traditional oriental medicine. We successfully treated a one patient who complained of oculomotor nerve palsy related to diabetes mellitus with moxibustion. Methods : We performed moxibustion treatment on the protuberances surrounding the Mok-chang acupoint and adjacent frontal scalp of the patient's head at the same time every day and observed the recovery of eye movement and changes of ptosis. Results : After about I week of moxibustion treatment, there were some changes of ptosis and eyeball movement. The patient felt better opening his eyes than before and seemed to reduce his paralytic condition. After 14 days, ptosis was remarkably improved, although slight diplopia remained, and eye movement had recovered to almost normal. Furthermore, his blood glucose was on the decrease and revealed an average 120 mg/dl. Conclusions : Moxibustion treatment performed on the Mok-chang acupoint remarkably improved ptosis and limited eye movement arising from oculomotor nerve palsy related to diabetes mellitus. We hope moxibustion is used for treating nerve palsies and similar diseases in the future.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

안구운동의 회선점을 중심으로 한 안구운동은 직각좌표의 좌표축 회전변환에 의한 회전행렬 $R_x$, $R_y$, $R_z$로 표현할 수 있으며, 6가지의 눈의 주된 회전 형태인 외-내전, 상-하전, 내-외방 회선 등으로 기술된다. 제1안위에서 제3안위까지의 안구운동은 회전행렬의 조합으로 구성되고, 6가지의 주회전과 8가지의 보조회전으로 6개의 외안근 운동을 표현 할 수 있다. 안구운동에 의한 동공점인 각막정점의 위치를 각각좌표의 회전행렬을 구좌표$(r,{\theta},{\phi})$로 전환하여 9가지로 기술된다.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Purpose Surgical correction of various occular problems which do not have visual problem in plastic surgical area is to normalize the appearance of the face by restoring the normal position of orbit and eyeball. With development of surgical technique, the orbit can be restored exactly in trauma patient and can be moved totally in hypertelorism, as an example of congenital disease. All these surgeries are based on the hypothesis that the position of oclular glove moves in the plane in a quantitatively predictable reationship to osseous orbit movement. However, no studies have critically evaluated between the change of periorbital soft tissue and the outcome of the surgical correction, because there is no method of objective, quantitave evaluation of the periorbital soft tissue. Method Author suggest the methodology for quantitative assessment of ocular and periocular fat changes using the manipulation of digital images of computed tomographic scan. Results The method was allowed to evaluate inter-dacryon distance, inter-centroid distance, movement of the medial orbital wall, movement of the lateral orbital wall, alteration of thickness of the lateral periorbital fat as indicator of movement of the orbital wall and orbit in the patient with congenital periorbital anomaly and postoperative periorbital surgery. The goal of surgical correction of various occular problems which do not have visual problem in plastic surgical area is to normalize the appearance of the face by restoring the normal position of orbit and eyeball. With development of surgical technique, the orbit can be restored exactly in trauma patient and can be moved totally in hypertelorism, as an example of congenital disease. All these sugeries are based on the hypothesis that the position of oclular glove moves in the plane in a quantitatively predictable relationship to osseous orbit movement. However, no studies have critically evaluated between the change of periorbital soft tissue and the outcome of the surgical correction, because there is no method of objective, quantitave evaluation of the periorbital soft tissue. In this report, author suggest the methodology for quantitative assessment of ocular and periocular fat changes using the manipulation of digital images of computed tomographic scan. Conclusion The method suggested is objective and accurate method in measurement of the orbital contents. It takes time and is not easy to do, however, this kind of measurement for fine structures will be more easily available in near future.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2019

Objectives : Paralytic strabismus refers to the nerve paralysis in the muscles responsible for the movement of the eyeball for any reason, resulting in a restriction of eye movement. This study is to report a case of the paralytic Strabismus caused by midbrain infarction treated with Korean medicine. Methods : Patient received Korean medical treatment such as acupuncture & herbal medicine (Saengkankunbi-tang). Result & Conclusion : During 15 weeks of the treatment, patient's strabismus and diplopia were improved.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2013

최근 사용자의 생체 신호 정보를 기반으로 사용자 인지향상을 위하여, 상황에 적합한 서비스를 제공하기 위한 인간-컴퓨터/기계 상호작용 (Human computer/machine interaction: HCI/HMI) 시스템이 급격하게 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이와 같이 인간-컴퓨터/기계 상호작용 기반의 효과적인 사용자 인지향상 시스템을 개발하기 위해서는 사용자의 명시적 의도 파악과 더불어 사용자의 묵시적 의도 파악이 중요하다. 사람의 시각 운동 이론에 따르면, 사람의 안구운동 정보와 동공 반응은 사람의 의도와 행동에 대하여 많은 량의 정보를 제공한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사용자의 묵시적 의도를 판별하기 위하여, 피험자에게 제공되는 자극영상의 관심(흥미) 영역 (area of interest: AOI) 내에서의 안구운동 패턴인 응시 시간/횟수, 동공 응답 패턴의 동공크기와 동공의 크기변화인 기울기 정보를 분석하는 새로운 접근 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 항행적 의도 발생, 정보적 의도발생, 정보적 의도 소멸과 같은 세 가지 유형으로 인간의 묵시적 의도를 식별한다. 여기서 항행적 의도란 주어진 자극영상 내에서 무언가 흥미로운 것을 찾는 행위를 말하며, 이에 반해 정보적 의도는 특정 위치에서 특정 객체는 찾는 행위를 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 사용자 안구운동 패턴과 동공분석 정보 기반으로 서로 다른 묵시적 의도인 항행적 의도, 정보적 의도 발생, 그리고 정보적 의도 소멸 사이에서 그 천이를 감지할 수 있는 계층적 SVM (hierarchical support vector machine: H-SVM)을 이용하였다.