• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.241-244
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• 2007

$MgF_2$/Cr/$MgF_2$, $MgF_2$/Cu/$MgF_2$ and $MgF_2$/Al/$MgF_2$ multi-layered thin films were fabricated by evaporation system. $MgF_2$ and Cr(Cu, And Al) was selected as a low refractive index material and mid reflector layer, respectively. Optical properties including color effect were systematically studied in terms of different film layer by using spectrophotometer. Experimental results were compared to the simulation result. The films consistings of $MgF_2$/Cr/$MgF_2$, $MgF_2$/Cu/$MgF_2$, $MgF_2$/Al/$MgF_2$ multi-layered thin films showed wavelength range of $430{\sim}780nm$, typically color range between greenish yellow and orange at view angle of $45^{\circ}$. It was confirmed that this experimental result was well matched with simulation result.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2019

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic and quartic type functional equations $$f(kx+y)+f(kx-y)-k^2f(x+y)-k^2f(x-y)-2f(kx)\\{\hfill{67}}+2k^2f(x)+2(k^2-1)f(y)=0,\\f(x+5y)-5f(x+4y)+10f(x+3y)-10f(x+2y)+5f(x+y)\\{\hfill{67}}-f(-x)=0,\\f(kx+y)+f(kx-y)-k^2f(x+y)-k^2f(x-y)\\{\hfill{67}}-{\frac{k^2(k^2-1)}{6}}[f(2x)-4f(x)]+2(k^2-1)f(y)=0$$ by using the fixed point theory in the sense of L. $C{\breve{a}}dariu$ and V. Radu.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.231-248
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• 2015

In this paper, we solve the following quadratic $\rho$-functional inequalities ${\parallel}f(\frac{x+y+z}{2})+f(\frac{x-y-z}{2})+f(\frac{y-x-z}{2})+f(\frac{z-x-y}{2})-f(x)-x(y)-f(z){\parallel}\;(0.1)\\{\leq}{\parallel}{\rho}(f(x+y+z+)+f(x-y-z)+f(y-x-z)+f(z-x-y)-4f(x)-4f(y)-f(z)){\parallel}$ where $\rho$ is a fixed complex number with ${\left|\rho\right|}<\frac{1}{8}$, and ${\parallel}f(x+y+z)+f(x-y-z)+f(y-x-z)+f(z-x-y)-4f(x)-4f(y)-4f(z){\parallel}\;(0.2)\\{\leq}{\parallel}{\rho}(f(\frac{x+y+z}{2})+f(\frac{x-y-z}{2})+f(\frac{y-x-z}{2})+f(\frac{z-x-y}{2})-f(x)-f(y)-f(z)){\parallel}$ where $\rho$ is a fixed complex number with ${\left|\rho\right|}$ < 4. Using the fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic $\rho$-functional inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in complex Banach spaces.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1995

The fate and use efficiency of applied nitrogen were evaluated in a pot experiment with different fertilizers and water management practices during 30days after fertilizer application. N-P-K compound fertilizers, 13-10-1l(F-l) for upland Crop use and 15-10-10(F-3) for rice Crop use, and mixed fertilizer, 21-17-17(F-2) for basal dressing in rice were used. Fertilizers corresponding to 1.8g N were mixed thoroughly with the whole volume of sandy loam soil in a pot. The pots were flooded upto 3cm above soil surface for O(0dF), 10(10dF), 20(20dF), and 30(30dF) days after fertilizer application and all the treatments were flooded continuously from 30 days after fertilizer application. During the flooding period water percolation rate was adjusted to 2.5mm/day. Rice seedlings were transplanted 40 days after fertilizer application. The pH of infiltrated water increased with increasing duration of flooding. The pH of F-2 was higher than those of F-1 and F-3 between which there were no differences. The applied nitrogen remained 23% in F-1, 29% in F-2, and 29.1 % in F-3, and 45.0% in 0dF, 26.6% in 10dF, 24.8% in 20dF, and 20.3% in 30dF as inorganic nitrogen at 63 days after fertilizer application. Nitrogen losses by leaching amounted to 51.3%, 32.1% and 48.1% of applied nitrogen in F-1, F-2 and F-3, respectively. Nitrogen leaching losses increased with increasing duration of flood- ing, amounting to 25.7%, 29.8%, 32.7%, and 35.8% in 0dF, 10dF, 20dF and 30dF, respectively. Gaseous loss of applied nitrogen was greatest in F-2, followed by F-1 and F-3. Total loss of nitrogen due to gaseous volatilization and leaching was greatest in F -1, followed by F -2 and F-3, and were greater in the treatments with longer flooding after fertilizer application. Nitrogen recovery by rice shoot until 72 days after transplanting were 23.2%, 24.7% and 27.4% of applied nitrogen in F-1, F-2 and F-3, respectively and 34.1%, 25.5%, 21.1%, and 21.2% in 0dF, 10dF, 20dF and 30dF, respectively.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2016

In this paper, we solve the quadratic ρ-functional inequalities (0.1) ${\parallel}f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y){\parallel}$ $\leq$ ${\parallel}{\rho}(4f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y)){\parallel}$, where $\rho$ is a fixed complex number with $\left|{\rho}\right|$ < 1, and (0.2) ${\parallel}4f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y){\parallel}$ $\leq$ ${\parallel}{\rho}(f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y)){\parallel}$, where ρ is a fixed complex number with |ρ| < $\frac{1}{2}$. Furthermore, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic ρ-functional inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in complex Banach spaces.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 1988

The vegetative nuclear divisions in hyphae and chromosome numbers were studied with the aid of Giemsa-HCl techniques from 10 strains of Fusarium oxysporum. The entire nuclear division process occurred within an intact nuclear envelope like other fungus. The results confirmed that 2 strains(F. oxysporum S Hongchun D2, F. oxysporum S Jinyang 4) were n=4; 3 strains(F. oxysporum f. sp. lini KFCC 32585, F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae KFCC 34743 and F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani) n=5; 2 strains(F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, and F. oxysporum f. sp. mori KFCC 34742) n=6; 3 strains(F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium, F. oxysporum f. sp.niveum, and F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi) n=7.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to investigate seed set, variation in chromosome number, and agronomic characteristics of the progeny in the cross between hexaploid triticale variety, Sinkihomil(P$_1$) and tetraploid rye variety, Dooroohomil(P$_2$). Seed set rate obtained was 30.5% in the cross of Sinkihomil with Dooroohomil, whereas 3.26% in reciprocal cross using Dooroohomil as female. Alsoseed set was 8.75% in F$_1$/P$_1$, 7.20% in F$_1$/P$_2$, and 1.53% in F$_2$(=F$_1$ /F$_1$, respectively. Germination rate of crossed seed was 37% in cross of P$_1$ with P$_2$, 39.0% in F$_1$/P$_1$(BC$_1$), 50% in F$_1$/P$_2$(BC$_2$) and 43.0% in F$_1$/F$_1$(F$_2$), and 1,000 grain wight was 20.7g in the cross of P$_1$ with P$_2$, which have 41.9g and 47.7g, respectively, 24.5g in F$_1$/P$_1$, 23.6g in F$_1$/P$_2$, and 24.5g in F$_1$/F$_1$, respectively. In pollen fertility of F$_1$ plant, 69.8% turned out to be abnormal or sterile pollen grains, whereas 30.2% was fertile or normal. In meiosis of pollen mother cell of F$_1$ plant, 13.5 univalents, 8.89 bivalent and 1.24 trivalent were appeared. Somatic chromosome number of 35 in F$_1$, both 32 to 33 and 35 to 36 in F$_2$, 35 to 39 in BC$_1$ and 28 to 36 in BC$_2$ which mean producing female gamate was 14 to 18 chromosome in PMC of F$_1$ plant. Rate of fertile plant turned out to be 100% in F$_1$, 4.5% in F$_2$, 42.9% in BC$_1$, and 50.0% in BC$_2$, respectively. Number of seed set per spike appeared to be 1.17 in F$_1$ plant, 13.3 in F$_2$, 2.36 in BC$_1$, and 3.75 in BC$_2$, respectively. Days to heading of F$_1$ was intermediate, but F$_2$ was later than both parents. Plant height of F$_1$ , BC$_1$ ,and BC$_2$ was shorter than both parent, but F$_2$, longer than both parents.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.712-721
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• 2000

$LiF-BeF_2-ZrF_4$(63-30-7 mol%) molten salt was dissolved up to 0.02g in 1ml of distilled water at room temperature. $ZrO_2$ oxide made from $ZrF_4$ through pyrohydrolysis was recovered by leaching in distilled water with $LiF-BeF_2-ZrF_4$molten salt including it at room temperature. The crystalline sharpness of recovered $ZrO_2$ oxide was not damaged.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.109-127
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• 2017

In this paper, we solve the following quadratic ${\rho}-functional$ inequalities ${\parallel}f({\frac{x+y+z}{2}})+f({\frac{x-y-z}{2}})+f({\frac{y-x-z}{2}})+f({\frac{z-x-y}{2}})-f(x)-f(y)f(z){\parallel}$ (0.1) ${\leq}{\parallel}{\rho}(f(x+y+z)+f(x-y-z)+f(y-x-z)+f(z-x-y)-4f(x)-4f(y)-4f(z)){\parallel}$, where ${\rho}$ is a fixed non-Archimedean number with ${\mid}{\rho}{\mid}$ < ${\frac{1}{{\mid}4{\mid}}}$, and ${\parallel}f(x+y+z)+f(x-y-z)+f(y-x-z)+f(z-x-y)-4f(x)-4f(y)-4f(z){\parallel}$ (0.2) ${\leq}{\parallel}{\rho}(f({\frac{x+y+z}{2}})+f({\frac{x-y-z}{2}})+f({\frac{y-x-z}{2}})+f({\frac{z-x-y}{2}})-f(x)-f(y)f(z)){\parallel}$, where ${\rho}$ is a fixed non-Archimedean number with ${\mid}{\rho}{\mid}$ < ${\mid}8{\mid}$. Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic ${\rho}-functional$ inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in non-Archimedean Banach spaces and prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic ${\rho}-functional$ equations associated with the quadratic ${\rho}-functional$ inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in non-Archimedean Banach spaces.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-263
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• 2016

Let $M_{1}f(x,y):=\frac{3}{4}f(x+y)-\frac{1}{4}f(-x-y)+\frac{1}{4}f(x-y)+\frac{1}{4}f(y-x)-f(x)-f(y)$, $M_{2}f(x,y):=2f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(\frac{x-y}{2})+f(\frac{y-x}{2})-f(x)-f(y)$. Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive-quadratic ρ-functional inequalities (0.1) $N(M_{1}f(x,y),t){\geq}N({\rho}M_{2}f(x,y),t)$ where ρ is a fixed real number with |ρ| < 1, and (0.2) $N(M_{2}f(x,y),t){\geq}N({\rho}M_{1}f(x,y),t)$ where ρ is a fixed real number with |ρ| < $\frac{1}{2}$.