• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.192-201
• /
• 2008

The design process becomes more difficult due to the increasing complexity of products. Thus, without any proper design experience, designer cannot handle his design problems systematically. Besides, the conventional optimal design method cannot be used effectively at the early design stage, since most design problems must be formulated in terms of objective and constraint functions based on the mathematical concepts of Operation Research. Thus, in this paper, new design concept based on FBS (Function-Behavior-Structure) design model is introduced to help the novice designer formulate the complex design problems systematically into a mathematical form. In this FBS model, function means the designer's new intents designer wants to create for, structure stand for a final product configuration and behaviour is a product's performance. FBS design model is thus rather totally different concept used for formulating design problem, compared with conventional optimal design method. To validate this new FBS model, 330K VLCC design case is performed, and we found, though it is one design example case, that this new design concept could be effectively used for future ship design problems since, during the formulating design problem, the only engineering terminology such as function, structure, and behaviour of design product is used based on the engineering concepts, instead of mathematical terminology such as objective and constraints.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the education using short messaging service(SMS) on fasting blood sugar(FBS) and diabetes adherence. Method : Forty-five diabetic patients being assessed pre and post intervention was used to assess the effectiveness of the education. Participants were requested to input the FBS and 2 hours post-prandial blood sugar everyday in http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet. The goal of the education was to lower FBS and keep diabetes adherence. The education was applied to the for 12 weeks. The education consisted of continuous education and reinforcement of diet, exercise, medication adjustment, as well as frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. The education performed weekly. All medication adjustments were communicated to the participants' doctor. FBS and diabetes adherence were measured before and after the education. Results : The education using SMS of cellular phone had decrease FBS and increase oral medication taking, exercise, foot care, and hypoglycemia preparation adherence.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2022

Ingestion of foreign bodies (FBs) is a common phenomenon among young children. Plain radiography is the first step diagnostic modality to detect the radio-opaque FBs. And computed tomography has been recommended by several guidelines as useful modalities for diagnosing ingested FBs. However, there is a risk of radiation exposure, making it burdensome to use in asymptomatic patients. Ultrasound (US) is not a commonly used technique for diagnosing ingested foreign bodies. However, US can provide real-time imaging with good resolutions without radiation exposure in pediatric patients. Herein, we report two pediatric cases of metallic foreign body ingestion that were successfully diagnosed using US for localizing foreign bodies. This study indicates that US may be used as an alternative method for detecting the localization of metallic foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract without exposure of radiation, particularly in pediatric patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.11b
• /
• pp.140-143
• /
• 2005

The hybrid CAE/CAT methods are widely applied to product development in various fields because this method can predict the response of the whole system when a part of the system is changed. Especially, the hybrid CAE/CAT method is very useful to predict tile vehicle NVH characteristics after changing some parts of the vehicle. Target parts can be established on the basis of test models and FE models of the prototype constructed in the planning stage of car development. In this study, the topic was focused on the proper test-based FBS application process to predict vehicle NVH characteristic. First, the test-based FBS method was apply to vehicle substructure and car-body. And then the test-based model was replaced with FE model to apply hybrid CAE/CAT method. The replaced FE model was modified through the optimization process. The interior noise in vehicle during the drive was predicted with Modified FE model, then the predicted results were verified by experimenting with actual modified model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.122-125
• /
• 2006

The Substructure Synthesis means the technology to predict the dynamic properties of an assembly from the properties of its components, or to predict the effect of a modification on a structure. The FRF Based Substructuring method is a kind of the Substructure Synthesis and very useful to predict the efficiency of the product in the early stage of development. Especially, the Hybrid FBS method is very useful to predict the vehicle NVH characteristics after modifying some components of the vehicle. Target components can be established on the basis of test models and FE models of the prototype constructed in the early stage of development. In this study, the Hybrid FBS method was applied to vehicle subframe and car-body in order to reduce vehicle interior noise induced by engine exciting force.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to determine the effect of bovine follicular fluid(bFF), hormones, and fetal bovine serum(FBS) supplemented in the medium on the in vitro fertilization and development of bovine embryos. The ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir and placed in physiological saline kept at 30~32˚C and brought to the laboratory within 3~4 hours. The oocytes and follicular fluid were collected by aspiration from visible follicles, and the oocytes of grades I on the basis of the morphology of cumulus cells attached and the homogeneity of cytoplasmic granules were selected and used for maturation. The basal media used for oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development in vitro were Ham' F-10, TALP and TCM-199, respectively. The hormones supplemented in maturation medium were consisted of 35 pg /ml FSH, 10 pg /ml LH and 1 pg/mi estradiol-l7$\beta$. The bFF collected from 5~9 mm follicles was centrifuged, filtered and inactivated by heat-treatment at 56˚C for 30 min. FBS also was inactivated with the same method and kept at -20˚C until use. The embryos were co-cultured with the monolayer of bovine oviductal epithelial cells at 39˚C under 5% $CO_2$ in air for 9 days. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The fertilization rate of oocytes was found 87.4% from 10% FBS and hormones treatment for IVM, and 37.1% of these TVF embryos were developed to blastocyst stage in 10% FBS groups. Compared with this control system, the fertilization rate was decreased significantly(P<0.05) in the maturation without either FBS or hormones. These IVF embryos were developed to morula stage at the similar rate, but to blastocyst at significantly(P<0.05) lower rate in the embryo culture with or without FBS supplementation. The fertilization rate(82.9%) in hormones and 10% inactivated bFF was similar with 10% FBS and hormone groups(87.4%), but decreased significantly(P<0.05) in 20 or 30% bFF (61.0 or 66.0%), respectively. In vitro developmental competence to blastocyst stage in 10% FBS and 20% inactivated bFF(37.1% and 31.4%) was higher than in 10 or 30% inactivated bFF(20.0 or 19.2%) or 10, 20 and 30% fresh bFF(19.1, 21.0 and 17.5%) The results indicated that the in vitro fertillzation and development rate of the embryos should be improved in 10% FBS or 20% inactivated culture system and 20% inactivated bFF might be available economically for bovine oocyte maturation and embryo culture instead of fetal bovine serum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2000

In this work transfer function synthesis method based on FRF data of each substructure is investigated for a complex structure composed of many substructures. Though the transfer function synthesis method has superiority to analyze the characteristics of interfaces among substructures effectively, many problems arise in the computation process, especially matrix inversion process. Due to computational problems, the error between the data obtained by test and the predictions through computations is inevitable. So in this paper, computational aspects in the transfer function synthesis method are examined through a steering system problem of passenger car. For the FBS method, frequency response functions of 3 substructures are measured experimentally. Effects of several parameters such as matrix inversion method, connection conditions between substructures and off-diagonal terms on system response are studied numerically.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to establish culture conditions for the in vitro study of the neonatal piglet Sertoli cell. Isolation for the culture of Sertoli cell was established using collagenase and pancreatin digestion of testicular tissues. The effects of various culture media, fetal bovine serum(FBS), follicular stimulating hormone(FSH), epidermal growth factor(EGF) and insulin-transferrin-sodium selenite(ITS) on growth of neonatal piglet Sertoli cells were investigated. The mitogenic effects of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium+Ham's F-12 medium was higher than other media used in this experiment. The addition of 1% FBS in cultures was necessary for attachment of Sertoli cell clusters. However, except FBS and EGF, FSH and ITS did not stimulate Sertoli cell proliferation. When Sertoli cells isolated from neonatal piglets were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium+Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 1% FBS, FSH EGF and ITS, the yield and plating efficiency of Sertoli cells were largely increased. Confluency of Sertoli cells was reached as early as 4 days of culture. The method described here reduces or eliminates many of the drawbacks of the conventional procedures used to isolate and culture of Sertoli cells, thus providing a useful tool in studies of growth kinetics and regulation of cell proliferation in vitro.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2010

Human fibroblasts that maintain the structural integrity of connective tissues by secreting precursors of the extracellular matrix are typically cultured with serum. However, there are potential disadvantages of the use of serum including unnatural interactions between the cells and the potential for exposure to animal pathogens. To prevent the possible influence of serum on fibroblast cultures, we devised a serum-free growth method and present in vitro data that demonstrate its suitability for growing porcine fetal fibroblasts. These cells were grown under four different culture conditions: no serum (negative control), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, positive control), 10% knockout serum replacement (KSR) and 20% KSR in the medium. The proliferation rates and viabilities of the cells were investigated by counting the number of cells and trypan blue staining, respectively. The 10% FBS group showed the largest increase in the total number of cells ($1.09\;{\times}\;10^5\;cells/ml$). In terms of the rate of viable cells, the results from the KSR supplementation groups (20% KSR:64.7%; 10% KSR: 80.6%) were similar to those from the 10% FBS group (68.5%). Moreover, supplementation with either 10% ($3.0\;{\times}\;10^4\;cells/ml$) or 20% KSR ($4.8\;{\times}\;10^4\;cells/ml$) produced similar cell growth rates. In conclusion, although KSR supplementation produces a lower cell proliferation rate than FBS, this growth condition is more effective for obtaining an appropriate number of viable porcine fetal fibroblasts in culture. Using KSR in fibroblast culture medium is thus a viable alternative to FBS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2000

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Methods : By the questionnaire, the informations of education level, monthly income, alcohol consumption and smoking habit were obtained. Height, weight and blood Pressure(BP) were measured by a trained nurse. The level of lasting blood sugar(FBS), total cholesterol, hight-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyne method about a group of 2888 males and 1696 females ages ever 20 who had never taken the medication for hypertension. Statistical analysis, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression, correlation analysis were peformed using SAS package program. Results : There were significant differences among age groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index(BMI), FBS, triglyceride and cholesterol except HDL-cholesterol. The risk factors associated with systolic and diastolic BP significantly in male were BMI, age, alcohol intake, but in female BMI, age. Smoking habit had a significant negative correlation with BP in both sex. In the group of mild hypertension ($\geq140\;mmHg\;or\geq90\;mmHg$ defined by JNC-VI) and hypertension ($\geq160\;mmHg\;or\;\geq95\;mmHg$ defined by WHO), the percent of diabetes $(FBS\geq140\;mg/dl)$, hypercholesterolemia $(\geq240mg/dl)$, and hypertriglyceridemia $(\geq200\;mg/dl)$ were significantly higher compared with normal group in male and female. BMI, and alcohol consumption had a positive correlation with FBS, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Smoking had a positive correlation with cholesterol and triglyceride but negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol in male. The educational attainment had a negative correlation with BMI, FBS, total cholesterol and triglyceride in female. Conclusions : This study suggested that drinking, smoking, and BMI and lower educational level were associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, but further evaluation was needed by prospective intervention study.