• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.264-271
• /
• 2006

Two fibrinolytic enzymes were purified from the culture supernatant of Fomitella fraxinea mycelia by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatographies, and were designated as F. fraxenia proteases 1 and 2 (FFP1 and FFP2). The apparent molecular masses of the enzymes were estimated to be 32 kDa and 42 kDa, respectively, by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography. Both enzymes had the same optimal temperature ($40^{\circ}C$), but different pH optima (10.0 and 5.0 for FFP1 and FFP2, respectively). FFP1 was relatively stable at pH 7.0-9.0 and temperature below $30^{\circ}C$, whereas FFP2 was very stable in the pH range of 4-11 and temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. FFPI activity was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and aprotinin, indicating that this enzyme is a serine protease. The activity of FFP2 was enhanced by the addition of $CO^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ and inhibited by $Cu^{2+},\;Ni^{2+}$, and $Hg^{2+}$. Furthermore, FFP2 activity was strongly inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, implying that the enzyme is a metalloprotease. Both enzymes readily hydrolyzed fibrinogen, preferentially digesting the $A{\alpha}$- and $B{\beta}$-chains of fibrinogen over ${\gamma}$-chain. FFP1 showed broad substrate specificity for synthetic substrates, but FFP2 did not. $K_{m}$ and $V_{max}$ values of FFP1 for a synthetic substrate, N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, were 0.213 mM and 39.68 units/ml, respectively. The first 15 amino acids of the N-terminal sequences of both enzymes were APXXPXGPWGPQRIS and ARPP(G)VDGQ(R,I)SK(L)ETLPE, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.1496-1500
• /
• 2004

In the mammalian ovary the follicular fluid contains proteins and peptides which play an important role in growth, development and maturation of oocytes. The gonadotropins and some other factors work synergistically and regulate ovarian functions. In the present study the effect of follicular fluid proteins (FFP) and gonadotropins on progesterone secretion by granulosa cells (GC) from buffalo ovary, was investigated during culture. The follicular fluid was collected from small (<5 mm), and medium (5-8 mm) follicles obtained from buffalo ovaries. The follicular fluid from medium follicles was fractionated with ammonium sulphate at 80% saturation. The precipitated protein fraction was further resolved in to minor (peaks I, III) and major (peak II) proteins using gel filtration (Sephadex G-200). The FFP from small follicles and major FFP (peak II) at a dose of 200 $\mu$g/well, significantly stimulated progesterone secretion by pooled GC (3${\times}10^{5}$ cells/2 ml medium/well). The minor FFP did not show any stimulatory effect. There was a significant increase in progesterone secretion by pooled GC in presence of FFP and LH (10 ng/well), however, FSH (20 ng/well) with FFP exhibited an inhibitory effect. The major FFP and gonadotropins were also studied for their effect on progesterone production by GC isolated from medium and large size follicles. The GC from medium follicles were more responsive to FSH and FFP whereas GC from large follicles exhibited enhanced progesterone secretion with LH and FFP. These results indicated that FFP have their own stimulatory effect and also act synergistically with gonadotropins. The significantly different response shown by GC, for steroid hormone secretion, is based on their stage of growth and differentiation. The purification and characterization of such steroidogenic proteins may help in elucidating their role in growth and differentiation of granulosa cells.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.10D no.7
• /
• pp.1137-1144
• /
• 2003

The existing Function Point method to estimate the software size has been utilized frequently with the management information system. Due to the expanding usage of the real-time and embedded system, the Full Function Point method is being proposed. However, despite many research is being carried out relation to the software size, the research on the model to estimate the development cost from the measured software size is inadequate. This paper analyzed the linear regression model and power regression model which estimate the development cost from the software FFP The power model is selected, which shows its estimation is most adequate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2006

Fish-frames are processing byproducts, which are left after obtaining fillets or muscle during fish processing. The fish-frame generally consists of muscle, collagen, calcium, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We used fish-frame powder (FFP) of chum salmon and skipjack tuna to prepare and characterize snacks for human consumption with different proportions of FFP. The crude protein and lipid contents of fish-frames were 16.3 and 9.4% for chum salmon and 18.6 and 8.3% for skipjack tuna, respectively. The volatile basic nitrogen (30.6 mg/100 g) and browning index (0.393) of FFP from chum salmon were lower than those of FFP from skipjack tuna. Thus, the FFP of chum salmon was better for making snacks than that of skipjack tuna. Five snacks were prepared with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% (w/w) substitution ratios of FFP from chum salmon. The moisture content of the snacks decreased (33.6 to 11.5%) with increasing FFP substitution ratio, whereas crude ash (2.9 to 7.5%), protein (11.4 to 18.4%) and lipid (13.7 to 35.1%) increased. Sensory scores for the texture and taste of the snack with 30% FFP were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those for other snacks; the color and flavor scores of all snacks did not differ significantly. The major fatty acids in the snacks were 16:0 and 18:0 as saturates, 18:1n-9 as monoenes, and 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 as polyenes. Snacks with FFP contained small amounts of EPA (0.5 to 0.8%) and DHA (1.3 to 1.8%) in the total lipid composition. The total amino acid content (16.08 g/100 g) of the snack with 30% FFP was higher than that of the snack without FFP (11.18 g/100 g), and the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, and lysine. The calcium and phosphorus contents of the snack with 30% FFP were 1,272 mg/100 g and 854 mg/100 g, respectively, and their ratio was the optimal range (2:1 to 1:2) for body absorption efficiency.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2010

The Fuel system of T-50 Advanced Trainer is equipped with two boost pump and fuel flow proportioner for feeding fuel to turbo jet engine. when an unexpected failure occurs, they can feed the fuel to turbo jet engine which fuel quantity required. fuel quantity control method is applied for minimizing the center of gravity change. and fuel quantity control method is controlled by FQMS(Fuel Quantity Measuring System) and FFP(Fuel Flow Proportioner). This paper presents life cycle extension plans of FFP hydraulic motor by design improvements of connecting and arrangement of pipe comparing with KF-16.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.1575-1585
• /
• 2010

It is very important to forecast a back resource of a software development effort at the early stage of development life cycle for successful project processing, and it is carried out through software size estimation. The recent trend of software size estimation method is focused on the user's value such as FPA. We measure the actual development effort through case study and calculate CFP directly according to the cosmic-ffp manual V.3.0. in this paper. We also propose the software development effort estimation model by using the produced data. COSMIC-FFP does not use weights of necessary function elements, and so it has disadvantage in estimating sizes. This paper proposes the estimation model to estimate the precision software size by using system complexity as weight.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.136-144
• /
• 2012

Background: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion is administered primarily for management of acquired bleeding disorders. However, in practice, FFP transfusion is increasing without a solid rationale. Methods: We conducted an audit to evaluate the appropriateness of the indications for FFP transfusion during the period from July 2010 through June 2011. Assessment of the appropriateness of the indications was based on the national transfusion guidelines and the transfusion criteria promulgated by the Severance Hospital. Results: In total, 17,733 units of plasma were transfused to 1,949 patients over 4,982 events. We found that administration of FFP was not in compliance with the recommended guidelines in 1,990 events. The number of total FFP transfusions was higher in medical departments (Gastroenterology) than in surgical departments (Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, General surgery). However, the proportion of cases of inappropriate transfusion was higher in surgical departments than in medical departments. Both the total number of FFP transfusion and the proportion of inappropriate transfusion were high in patient with neoplasm, disease of the digestive system, and diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring on appropriateness for FFP transfusion and feedback to the physician are critical in securing the transfusion safety as well as maintaining the quality of FFP transfusion. New-found indication for FFP transfusion should be investigated and applied in timely manner.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.62-71
• /
• 2011

There is widespread concern that particulate filtering respirators (PFRs) available in Korea will be efficient for nanoparticles. The purpose of this review study was to analyse research literature and recommend PFRs suitable for protection against nanoparticles. In all studies, respirators containing electret filter media (N95, P100 and FFP2, FFP3) consistently have their MPPS below 100 nm and particle penetration levels at the MPPS can vary widely, but they comply with NIOSH or EN certification criterion. Electret filtering facepieces respirators (FFRs) were found to shift in the Most-Penetrating Particle Size(MPPS) from 30-60 to 200-300 nm range after the electric charges were removed, and FFRs were above their minimum penetrations of criterion. Korean special class and first class FFRs (the same as FFP3 and FFP2, respectively) would be effcient for nanoparticles unless FFRs are removed electric charges. It is difficult to evaluate if mechanical PFRs is efficient for nanoparticles due to the lack of related materials.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2005

Most of the methods of estimating the size of software are based on the functions provided to costumers and in the process of granting the score to each function we consider the complexity during the process. The FFP technique has advantages applied to vast areas like data management. real-time system, algorithmic software, etc, but on the other hand, has disadvantage on estimating sizes for weights for necessary function elements. This paper proposes the estimating method for software size by considering the complexity of each function elements in full function point calculation method applied to a new developed project and maintenance projects. For this, based on function point by using surveyed data proved the validity of proposed method. The valid result. was that the function elements, the attributes used in size estimation of software, est mated better estimated sizes than in the case of other weights being applied.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.8A
• /
• pp.657-662
• /
• 2003

The OPM(optical performance monitoring module) is needed in order to monitor optical performance. the most importance of OPM is to measure the wavelength of optical signal. In the past time, it was very difficult to get the wavelength value because they used pilot tone. Since then, using AWG(arrayed waveguide grating) and AOTF(acousto optic tuneable filter), the wavelength and the transmission qualify for multi channel signal have been monitored. In this paper, we chose the fiber fabry-perot wavelength variable filter which be evaluated for optical resolution ability to excellent, so that FBG(fiber bragg grating) was used for setting reference wavelength because chose a wavelength variable filter.