• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

In order to investigate the sensation of the fabric sound simulating the real wear-condition, the fabric sound simulator using reciprocating friction was developed. Fabric sounds from 5 specimen were generated by the fabric sound simulator and recorded using high performance microphone. Physical sound parameters of fabrics including level pressure of total sound (LPT), level range (${\Delta}L$), and frequency differences (${\Delta}f$) were calculated. For psychological evaluation, seven adjectives for sound (softness, loudness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, highness, and pleasantness) were used as the semantic differential scale. Fabric sounds by reciprocating friction of nylon taffeta and polyester leno had the highest value of LPT and evaluated as loud, sharp, rough, and unpleasant while polyester ultra suede and silk crepe de chine haying the lower LPT and ${\Delta}f$ were perceived as soft and quite. Comparing with fabric sound by one-way friction, fabric sound by reciprocation friction was perceived as more sharp, loud, and rough. LPT was also the most important factor affecting the sensation of the fabric sound by reciprocating friction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.265-269
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• 1999

This study was carried out to evaluate human subjective sensation for fabric rustling sounds and predict the sensation with quantified sound color measurements and mechanical properties of fabrics. Thirty subjects at Virginia Tech were asked to evaluate seven sound sensation descriptors by semantic differential scale after hearing eight different fabric sounds. Sound measurements were quantified by calculating total sound pressure(LPT), level range(ΔL), and frequency difference (Δf). Mechanical properties of fabrics were measured by KES-FB. Subjective sensation for fabric sound showed significant differences among fabrics except clearness sensation. Subjective sensation predicted by sound measurements showed well fitted regression equation with ΔL and LPT> Sharpness, clearness, and highness were significantly released with mechanical properties of fabrics. All sensation was found to be predicted with sound measurements L:PT and Δf and mechanical properties such as LT, 2HG5, WC, T, and W.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.196-202
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• 2001

In order to investigate the relationship between subjective sensation for fabric sound and touch and the objective measurements, eight different apparel fabrics were selected as specimens. Sound parameters of fabrics including level pressure of total sound (LPT), level range (ΔL), and frequency differences (Δf) and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. For subjective evaluation, seven aspects of the sound (softness, loudness, pleasantness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, and highness) and eight of the tough (hardness, smoothness, fineness, coolness, pliability, crispness, heaviness, and thickness) were rated using semantic differential scale. Polyester ultrasuede was evaluated to sound softer and more pleasant while polyester taffeta to sound louder and rougher than any other fabrics. Wool fabric such as worsted and woolen showed similar sensation for sound but differed in some touch sensation in that woolen was coarseast, heaviest, and thickest in touch. In the prediction model for sound sensation, LPT affected positively subjective roughness and highness as well as loudness, while ΔL was found as a parameter related positively with softness and pleasantness. Touch sensation was explained by some of mechanical properties such as surface, compressional, shear, and bending properties implying that a touch sensation could be expressed by a variety of properties.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

The objectives of this study the effects of fabric noise from active wear on electrodiagnosis(EMG), to examine the effects on subjective sensation, and to relate the EMG results and the subjective sensation.. Five nylon water repellent taffeta fabrics were rubbed each other and the fabric noise were recorded. EMG was done from 10 female university students and electrodes were attached on each participant's upper arm and lower am. The subjective sensation was measured by FMME(Free Modulus Magnitude Estimation). The EMG values from upper arm showed higher voltage than those from lower arm, and the differences between values with fabric sound and without were larger at upper arm than those at lower am. EMG decreased when fabric sound was evaluated soft and pleasant, however It increased in proportion as fabric sound was evaluated loud and sharp. The predicted models for subjective sensation using physical sound properties and EMG results were well explained except roughness. Pleasantness was well predicted by EMG at upper am and EMG at lower arm, as the result, it was explained that the lower the EMG, the more pleasant the participant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2009

This study investigates the perception of different fabrics by consumers when provided with a video clip with rustling sounds of the fabric. We utilized sportswear products that are currently on the market and evaluated the emotional response of internet shoppers by measuring the physiological and psychological responses. Three kinds of vapor-permeable water-repellent fabric were selected to generate video clips each containing the fabric rustling sound and images of exercise activities wearing the sportswear made of the respective fabric. The new experimental website contained the video clips and was compared with the original website which served as a control. 30 subjects, who had experience to buy clothing online, took part in the physiological and psychological response to the video clip. Electroen-cephalography (EEG) was used to measure the physiological response while the psychological response consisted of evaluating accurate perception of the fabric, satisfaction, and consumer interest. When we offered video clips with fabric's rustling sound on the website, subjects answered they could get more accurate and rapid information to decide to purchase the products than otherwise they do the shopping without such information. However, such rustling sounds somewhat annoy customers, as proved psychological and physiological response. Our study is a critical step in evaluating the consumer's emotional response to sportswear fabric which will promote selling frequency, reduce the return rate and aid development of new sportswear fabric further evolution of the industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.138-143
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• 2000

In order to investigate the relationship between fabric sound parameters and subjective sensation, each sound from 60 fabrics was recorded and analyzed by Fast Fourier transform. Level pressure of total sound (LPT), three coefficients (ARC, ARF, ARE) of auto regressive models, loudness (Z), and sharpness (Z) by Zwickers model were estimated as sound parameters. For subjective evaluation, seven sensation (softness, loudness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, highness, and pleasantness) was rated by both semantic differential scale (SDS) and free modulus magnitude estimation (FMME). As the results, the ARC values were positively proportional to both LPT and loudness (Z) values. In both of SDS and FMME, softness, clearness, and pleasantness were negatively correlated with loudness, sharpness, roughness, and highness. In regression models, softness and clearness by FMME were negatively affected by LPT뭉 ARC, while loudness, sharpness, roughness, and highness were positively expected. Regression models for pleasantness showed low values for R2.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color factors such as ${\Delta}L\;and\;{\Delta}f$. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness, roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2010

Research has been conducted to examine the effects of mechanical and sound characteristics of fabrics on affective quality. The present study developed the Affective Quality Evaluation and Estimation System for Textiles (AQEEST) with distinguished features that can be effectively used in the affective research of fabric frictional sound. The AQEEST consists of three subsystems (affective quality evaluation, affective quality estimation, and audible distance estimation subsystems) and each subsystem consists of three to four modules (e.g., evaluation condition setup, evaluation experimentation, and textile database management modules) depending on its functional requirements. The affective quality evaluation subsystem was designed to help administer an experiment in a systematic manner and present acoustic and visual stimuli simultaneously in various gait conditions (walking, jogging, and running) to mimic a more realistic situation of textile frictional sound production. Next, the affective quality estimation subsystem was designed to estimate the sound characteristics, affective qualities, overall psychological satisfaction, and reference cluster of a textile using its mechanical and/or sound characteristic information. Lastly, the audible distance estimation subsystem was designed to estimate the just noticeable sound pressure levels and audible distances of a textile for various gait conditions using its mechanical characteristic information. The AQEEST can be upgraded by accommodating more affective quality study results for various textiles.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship of sound parameters with subjective sensation and physiological responses, and to figure out the interrelationship between the subjective sensation and physiological responses. Sound parameters calculated were LPT, ΔL, Δf, loudness[Z], and sharpness[Z]. Subjective sensation was evaluated in 7 aspects(soft-hard, loud-quiet, pleasant-unpleasant, sharp-dull, clear-obscure, rough-smooth, high-low) by thirty participants. We acquired physiological responses when each fabric sound was presented to 10 participants. Physiological signals obtained in this study were electroencephalogram(EEG), pulse volume(PV), skin conductance level(SCL), and LF/HF of heart rate variability. The larger the values of loudness[Z] and LPT, the louder and the rougher the subjective sensation of the perceived fabric sound. Also, the larger the values of loudness[Z] and LPT, the harder, the duller, and the less pleasant. As LPT increased, PV decreased. Loudness[Z] increased in proportion to SCL and so did sharpness[Z] to LF/HF. As the sound perceived to be quieter and clearer, the relative power of slow alpha rose. As the sound perceived to be more pleasant and smoother, PV rose.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to offer acoustical database of warp knitted fabrics by investigating frictional sound properties and physiological responses according to structural parameters such as construction, lap form, and direction of mutual guide bar movement. Fabric sounds of seven warp knitted fabrics are recorded, and Zwicker's psychoacoustic param­eters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) - are calculated. Also, physiological responses evoked by frictional sounds of warp knitted fabrics are measured such as electroencephalogram (EEG), the ratio of high fre­quency to low frequency (HF/LF), respiration rate (RESP), skin conductance level (SCL), and photoplethysmograph (PPG). In case of constructions, frictional sound of sharkskin having higher loudness(Z) and fluctuation strength(Z) increases RESP. By lap form, open lap has louder and larger fluctuating sound than closed lap, but there aren't significant difference of physi­ological responses between open lap and closed lap. In direction of mutual guide bar movement, parallel direction evokes bigger changes of beta wave than counter direction because of its loud, rough, and fluctuating sound. Fluctuation strength(Z) and roughness(Z) are defined as important factors for predicting physiological responses in construction and mutual guide bar movement, respectively.