• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.872-880
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• 1985

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by fatigue and weakness of voluntary muscles. Although the pathogenesis is known as reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions by autoimmune attack, the thymic role in myasthenia gravis is still unclear and under investigation. But thymectomy in the management of myasthenia gravis has become increasingly important since the first successful operation with remission of symptoms in 1939 by Blalock. From January 1983 to June 1985, authors performed 17 thymectomies for patients with myasthenia gravis. Among them, 12 patients were free from thymoma [Croup A] and 5 were coupled with thymoma [Group B]. The results were as follows: 1] Sex distribution was 11 females and 6 males. Mean age of the patients was 32.2 year old. Sex and age distribution by the Group A and B are shown Table 1. 2] Clinical manifestations of ocular symptoms were seen in 5 patients [88.2%], extremity weakness in 13 patients, bulbar weakness in 12 patients and dyspnea in 6 patients. According to the Osserman`s classification, 5 patients were in group IIA, 6 in IIB and 6 in IIC. 3] Pre-operatively, all patients were positive response to the anti-cholinesterase test and 12 patients [92.3%] revealed positive findings in electromyography [EMC] which was done in 13 patients. 4] The postoperative complications were respiratory distress in 3 patients, myasthenic crisis in 2 patients and wound disruption in one patients. 5] Pathologic examination of the thymus showed hyperplasia in 10 patients [90%] and thymoma in 5 patients, of which 4 were mixed type with invasion to the adjacent tissues and one lymphocytic type without invasion. Normal thymus was noticed in only 2 patients. 6] In postoperative evaluations, among the 12 patients c free from thymoma [Group A], complete remission of symptoms was noticed in 3 patients and improvement in 7 patients. But among the 5 patients coupled with thymoma [Group B], only one patients showed improvement [Table 8]. Therefore, remission and clinical improvement were noticed in 11 patients [64.7%] of the all and complete remission was noticed in 3 patients [17.6%].

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.48-59
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• 2013

Normally the benefits concerned in the feasibility study for highway constructions are travel time saving, vehicle operation cost, etc. which can be calculated using the simulation tool(EMME3). However, there must be extra benefits of driving amenity improvement that drivers can perceive through decreasing driving fatigue and improving driving comfortability. In this study, the definition of driving amenity was established and a method of estimation for the benefit of driving amenity improvement was developed. Highway type (urban/rural highway) and highway density was considered to estimate the driving amenity. And Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice among Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) was applied to survey the willingness-to-pay of drivers when highway density decreases. Finally the value of driving amenity was estimated using the results of survey and logit medel. As the existing highway density is high, willingness-to-pay increases in both urban and rural highways. Even though the changing rates of highway density are same, willingness-to-pay is different based on the existing highway density.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 1989

Both the SS41 steel and the M.E.F(martensite encapsulated islands of frrite) dual phase steel made of SS41 steel by heat treatment were welded by friction welding, and then manufactured machinemade Vnotch standard Charpy impact specimens and precracked with a fatigue system at BM(base metal), HAZ(heat affected zone) and WZ(weld interface Zone). The impact test of them was performed with an instrumented impact test machine at a number of temperatures in constant loading velocity and the dynamic fracture characteristics were studied on bases of the absorbed energy, dynamic fracture toughness and fractography from the test. The results obtained are as follows; At the room temperature, the absorbed energy is HAZ.geq.WZ.geq.BM in case of the M.E.F. dual phase steel: BM.geq.HAZ.geq.WZ in case of the SS41 steel, HAZ.geq.BM.geq.WZ at the low temperature. The absorbed energy is decreased markedly with the temperature lowering; it is highly dependent on the temperature. The dynamic fracture toughness of the M.E.F. dual phase steel is HAZ.geq.WZ.geq.BM at the room temperature; BM.geq.WZ.geq.HAZ below-60.deg. C. Therefore the reliability of friction welding is uncertain at the low temperature(below-60.deg. C). The dynamic fracture toughness of the SS41 steel; HZA.geq.WZ.geq.BM at overall temperature region. The flaw formed by rotational upsetting pressure was shown y SEM; in this region. The absorbed energy per unit area and dynamic fracture toughness were low relative to other region.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 2001

The leakage current behaviors of PLZT capacitors with top electrodes of Pt, Ir, and $IrO_2$ are investigated before and after hydrogen forming gas anneal. The P-E hysteresis and fatigue properties of Pt/PLZT/Pt capacitors are almost recovered after recovery anneal in $O_2$ ambient. The leakage current mechanisms of PLZT capacitors with Pt and $IrO_2$ top electrodes are consistent with space-charge influenced injection model showing the strong time dependence irrespective of annealing conditions. On the other hand, the leakage current behavior of Ir/PLZT/Pt capacitor shows steady state independent of time because IrPb, conducting phase, formed at interface between Ir top and PLZT is a high conduction path. Teh leakage current mechanism of Ir/PLZT/Pt capacitor is consistent with Schottky barrier model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.979-984
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• 2012

An antiroll-bar assembly is a precision component that is designed to control the rolling of railway cars. It is important for ensuring a safe and comfortable ride. A torsion bar is the main part of the antiroll-bar assembly. Now, this part is classified as a consumable, and it is imported into Korea from France. Therefore, there is a strong need to domestically develop a torsion bar suitable for Korean conditions and to reduce cost and improve quality. In this study, an antiroll bar is developed, and it is analyzed and tested by using a road histogram measured on Korean railroads. This bar shows satisfactory results in a comparison with the imported bar. It has a novel design featuring a ring cover made of SUS steels to prevent the corrosion of the torsion bar. Its safety is examined through CAE analysis and wear tests. It is found that its design does not result in a significant difference in static and fatigue safety. Two different SUS steels were investigated in terms of their wear resistance, and the best one was adopted.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

Background : Till now Efficacy of Taeyangin medicine have not existsd in Medical Oriental medical, QSCC II(Questionnaire of sasang Constitution Classification II) can't discriminate Taeyangin is known to everybody. Objective : We have made an Effort to find out Essence of Taeyangin's Disease. Method : we have examined patient's feeling of improvement, Disease entity, Term of taking medicine, Period of ilness With eath symptoms, Comparison Taeyangin part Marks of QSSC II with Marks of improved Taeyangin questionnaire. Result : According to 43 Case of Patients Treated with Ogapijangchuk-tang, Ogapijangchuk-tang is more effective to cure Fatigue taking Headache and Dizziness than Myalgia and so on. and Item of more improved Taeyangin's constitution Question is more effective than Item of Taeyanin's constitution question in QSCC II.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.784-790
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• 2006

Most of the atrial flutter occurs in patients who have an organic disease of the heart. The symptoms of atrial flutter include anxiety with palpitation. sleep disorder and fatigue. For a long time, oriental medicine has clinically treated these symptoms, and the diagnosis has been usually based on the doctor's judgment on the subjective clinical symptoms. However, if oriental medicine includes new diagnostic aids like electrocardiogram or other various methods or combinations of techniques, the accuracy and objectivity of diagnosis and clinical data can be improved. In this case, a 65 year-old male patient who had anxiety with palpitation and abnormal P wave (atrial flutter) on the EKG was treated with Xiaofengbusindaotantang (疎風補心導痰湯) and Shengmaisan (生脈散). Significant improvement in the clinical symptoms and EKG results was observed. This result suggests that oriental medical treatment can be used for treatment of organic heart disease like an atrial flutter. In addition, subsequent studies should be followed to ensure the appropriateness of new diagnostic aids, such as EKG, and other various modalities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.515-522
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to describe whether Saenggangunbi-tang supports clinical management of a patient with decompensated liver cirrhosis without unfavorable side effects. Methods: A 78-year-old woman diagnosed with unspecified liver cirrhosis in 2014, who had undergone abdominal paracentesis twice until 2014 and variceal ligation twice until 2017, took Saenggangunbi-tang from July 25, 2019 to March 23, 2020. We observed clinical changes, such as fatigue, leg edema, and gingival bleeding, as well as laboratory findings. Results: After taking Saenggangunbi-tang for about eight months, the patient's symptoms and serum levels of liver enzymes were improved in comparison to her symptoms and serum levels at the first visit. Moreover, there was no occurrence of any complications, such as ascites and gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by portal hypertension. Conclusions: This study suggests that Saenggangunbi-tang might be effective in the treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2006

In order to establish the manifestational symptoms in men and women and highly frequent symptoms(HFS) of deficiency of Qi and blood(氣虛, 血虛), stagnation of Qi(氣滯), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of Yang(陽虛), and, 546 questionaires were analyzed through Cronbach alpha value and Pearson's correlative efficient. Symptomatic differences of male and female specimens were as follows. HFS of Qi deficiency were similar in terms of inactivity like mental and physical fatigue, enervation in men and women. In blood deficiency, dizziness and light sleep were common in men and women, but mucosal symptoms of conjunctiva, lip, nail bed were more frequent in women than men. Emotional explosion was common in Qi stagnation, then women had more motivation-related symptoms than men. Inner heat was frequently arisen in Yin deficiency in both, and the heat was expressed more common in exterior and upper part in women but in interior abdominal part in men. In Yang deficiency, main symptoms of men were feeling coldness in peripheral, but Qi deficiency symptoms were more common in women former than coldness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.637-640
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• 2005

The mechanical properties of bellows, such as the extensibility and the strength can be changed depending on the shape. For the shipbuilding material, it is favorable that the fatigue lift is long due to the elastic property and the reduction of thermal stress in piping system. Nowadays, the domestic production and design of bellows are based on the E.J.M.A Code. Therefore, the design standard is in need because of much errors and lack of detailed analysis. In this study, it is attempted to find out the optimal shape of U-type ship's bellows that is applied to design of experiment using the finite element method. The effective factors, mountain height, length, thickness, and number of mountains and the length of joint are considered and the proper values are chosen for the simulation. The number of mountains are increased, the volume increases above the standard volume and the stress obviously increases. In addition, the effect of the thickness of bellows on the stress is very large. Both of the volume and stress are decreasing at a certain lower value region.