• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2003

Objectives: This study was done to find out fatigue and self-reported physical symptoms of Vinylhouse farmers. The results of this study could be used as a basic data to develop health promotion program for Vinylhouse farmers who are suffering from fatigue and physical symptoms. Methods: The 166 respondents, who were working in Vinylhouse and were living in a remoted area where the primary health post located, were participated in this study. Thirty: 30 items of self-reported fatigue scale was used to evaluate the farmers fatigue level which made by Japanese industrial and hygenic association(1988). Twenty four: 24 items of index used by researcher for self-reported physical symptoms was from Lee In Bae's(1999) modified Index which was originated from Cornell Medical Index(1949). Another questionnaires used in this study were developed by researcher through related documents. Results: The results of this study were as follows; Fatigue scores were high in accordance with women(t=-2.212, p<0.05), worse recognized health state(F=20.610, p<.001), lack of sleeping hours(F=3.937, p<0.05), eat irregularly(t=-3.883, p<0.001), don't take a bath after application of chemical(t=-2.950, p<0.01), working time per a day(F=5.633, p<0.01) & working time per a day in Vinylhouse(F=5.247, p<0.01) were long. Subjective physical symptoms were high in accordance with women(t=-3.176, p<0.01), worse recognized health state(F=35.335, p<0.001), and low education(F=3.467, p<0.05). eat irregularly(t=-3.384, p<0.01), alcohol drinking(t=-2.389, p<0.05). When farmers don't take a bath after application of chemical show high(t=-3.188, p<0.01). As a result, the factors affecting to Vinylhouse worker's health were irregular diet habit, scarce exercise, lack of proper rest, symptoms oriented from Vinylhouse work in contaminated environment with high temperature and humidity. Conclusions: Based on this study, health promotion program is necessary for Vinylhouse workers. Also, the development of continuously practical strategy of healthy life style including exercise and comprehensive health promotion program considered the country's social and cultural background are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.467-486
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• 1993

Today, more chronically ill and handicapped people are being cared for at home by a family member caregiver. The task of caring for a family momber may mean that the caregiver has less time and money and more work which may result in increased fatigue and symptoms of illness. This study was done to examine the well-being of family caregivers. Fifty three family caregivers were interviewed. Concepts were measured using existing tools and included : Burden(25 item 5 point scale), Social sup-port (21 item 7 point scale), Health status defined by a symptom checklist(48 item S point scale), and Well -being defined by a quality of life scale (14 item 7 point scale) and caregiving activities. Data collection was done by interview and Q-sort. Social support and well - being were positively correlated as were symptoms and burden. Symptoms and burden were negatively correlated with social support and well-being. Items on the quality of life scale had a mean score range from 3.09 to 4.96. Quality of life related to income was lowest (3.09) but the desire to use more money for the patient was rated 2.90 on the burden scale where the item means ranged from 0.73 to 3.55. The high mean of 3.55 was for obligation to give care and the low 0.73 was (or not feeling that this was helping the patient. Mean scores for symptoms ranged from 0.26 to 2.15 with the 2.15 being for “worry about all the things that have to be done.” Over half of the patients were dependent for help with some activities of daily living. The caregivers reported doing an average of 3.40 out of five patient care activities including bathing (77.4%), shampooing (67.9%), and washing face and hands (49.1％), and 3.74 out of seven home maintenance activities including laundry (98.1％), cooking (83.0%), and arranging bed-ding(75.5%). The caregivers reported their spouse as one of the main sources of social support, including in times of loneliness and anger The mean score for loneliness as burden was 2.15 and ranked fourth and 31 (58.5％) of the sample reported being lonely recently and not being satisfied with the support received. Similarly anger caused by the patient was given a mean score of 2.13, and anger was reported to have been present recently by 38 (71.7%) of the sample and satis-faction with the support given was low. Having someone to help deal with anger ranked twelfth out of 21 items on the social support scale and had a mean score of 3.98 (range 3.49 to 5.98). Spouses were reported as a major source of social support but the fact that 50% of the caregivers were caring for a spouse, may account for the quality of this source of social support having been affected. These caregivers faced the same problems as others at the same stage of life. but because of the situation, there was a strain on their resources, particularly financial and social. In conclusion it was found that burden is correlated negatively to quality of life and positively to symptoms, but in this sample, symptoms and bur-den were scored relatively low. Does this indicate that the caregivers accept caregiving as part of their destiny and accept the quality of their lives with burden and symptoms just being a part of caregiving\ulcorner Does the correlation between the bur-den and symptoms indicate they are a measure of the same phenomenon or that the sample was of a more mobile, less burdened group of caregivers\ulcorner Quality of life was the one variable that was significant in explaining the varience on burden. Further study is needed to validate the conclusions found in this study but they indicate a need for nurses to ap-proach these caregivers with a plan tailored to each individual situation and to give consideration to interventions directed at improving quality of life and expanding social support networks for those caring for spouses.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

In this paper, the structural analysis and optimization of the door supporting rail structure in the header box located at the top of the aluminum passenger safety door(PSD) at the subway station, which opens and closes regularly, is performed. In case the simple fixed boundary condition is used for the bolt fixture on the supporting rail where the glass door is moving, excessive stresses are obtained. Therefore, more realistic finite element modeling of the bolts is used at the bolt fixture in the whole structure in order to obtain the more physically acceptable FEM results. As a result, fatigue life of twenty years of the structure is obtained to satisfy the design object. Also the optimal design of cross section of the rail part is performed using the response surface method and 15% of weight of the supporting rail part on the door is reduced.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

The SCR in Static Transfer Switch (STS) is used for reliability improvement of important load's power supply in industry field. However an average of 2% fault in thyristor(SCR) occurs, so that the attached mechanical switch is paralleled with SCR's both end points and SCR operates only during the $12{\sim}208$[mS] before operation of the mechanical switch. Also, an ISC (Ideal State Conditioning Interlock Device) - STS system that two power supply paths may not be thrown at the same time is developed to remove the overlap section perfectly when a short or earth fault is generated in one system. This method has reduced the fault rate remarkably through the reduction of SCR's fatigue degree by using SCR in conversion operation corresponding to 0.89 times a year. Also, in case of fault generations, it does not affect to supply power to the load, therefore it contributes to the promotion of reliability in the power supply.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was done to investigate sleep patterns and utilization of the charcoal eyepatch In high school students through a survey research. Method: The participants in this study were 80 students in a high school in Seoul. The period of data collection was from July 1, 2002 to 15, 2002. The research instruments used in this study were the measures of sleep and SPSSWIN 10.0 Program was used for data analysis. Result: The students went to bed after 12 p.m., but many of them easily fell asleep within 5 minutes. They woke up quite early at around 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning but remained in bed 1 hour. Satisfaction with their sleep was the response for 38.8% of the students. While 77% napped, they generally did so in the afternoon and 38.8% napped for half an hour. As for quality of sleep, 2.5% of the students could not sleep deeply, and 21.7% woke frequently during sleep. Their sleep environments were calm and comfortable, and they turned off the light when sleeping. The utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep, fatigue and powerlessness in high school students. Conclusion: Utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep in high school students and while the utilization of charcoal is recommended in life, the effect of charcoal must be testified through research.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2012

Background: Neck and shoulder pain (NSP) is fairly common in adolescents, which is associated with a high prevalence of NSP found during adulthood as well; therefore, its significance during adolescence should not be underestimated. We surveyed the prevalence of recurrent NSP, lifestyle, and risk factors in Korean high school students, and examined the influence of recurrent NSP on the quality of life. Methods: Nine hundred thirty one male students (16-19 years old) from two academic high schools in Seoul were included in this study. The survey consisted of a questionnaire to assess the prevalence of recurrent NSP, with questions regarding having an occurrence more than once a week, characteristics of NSP, activity and lifestyle of the students, and the risk factors for recurrent NSP. A 36-item Short Form questionnaire was also examined. Results: We found that 44.3% of the high school students surveyed had recurrent NSP (more than once a week) and the overall prevalence of NSP was 79.1%. The average sitting time was $10.2{\pm}2.7$ h/day. 59.0% did not sit straight, 14.7% used assisting devices during reading, and 11.9% answered that they stretched regularly. Found from their self assessed health, frequent fatigue and frequent depressed mood presented significant associations with the higher prevalence of recurrent NSP. Conclusions: Korean high school students had a high prevalence of recurrent NSP. Clinical attention is needed for the prevention and resolution of recurrent NSP found in high school students.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4D
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• pp.565-569
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• 2011

This paper presents minimum area repair method that is one of the preventive maintenance techniques in asphalt concrete pavements. In this method, a 70cm-width as an effective repair zone was suggested considering the conventional longitudinal damages (rutting and fatigue cracking) in early stages. In addition, the repair zone can be readjusted according to the pavement damage levels. A field test bed was constructed to verify the adaptness for the repair method. Test results revealed that the minimum area repair method can be adopted as a preventive maintenance technique in flexible pavements to recover an appropriate serviceability level. The preventive maintenance method may be one of the major maintenance methods of flexible pavements with an appropriate application. It is also noted that the method may be a long term maintenance cost effective and pavement life ensuring one.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

In this paper, design requirements of the large radar were investigated, and development was performed through the analysis and design. Large radar should be designed by bearing the 75 knot wind force and $20kg/m^2$ ice mass as operating conditions in order to meet structural stability, and driving torque and bearing load were calculated for securing the driving stability. Thermal dissipation analysis was performed considering TRM and DC-DC Converter's limitation temperature by $50^{\circ}C$ ambient temperature condition in order to attain thermal stability, and PSD and shock analysis were carried out by using MIL-STD-810G vibration and shock specification in order to transport and installation of the large radar. As a result, all components of large radar could secure the structural stability more than 2.8 factor of safety, and driving stability was also secured with adequate bearing fatigue life. Thermal stability was attained by allowable max temperature 88.7 C of the TRM, and structural stability for transportation and installation of the large radar was also secured more than 5 factor of safety. After it was transported and installed to the radar site, operating capability was finally verified by rotating the large radar.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.743-758
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• 1996

This paper was done to verify the use of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) which was developed by McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman(1992) with modifications so that it is appropriate for Korean elders. Through the modified tool, it is possible to examine the mood of Korean elders and to contribute to the welfare of elders. The subjects were 370 elderly persons over 60 years old and the data for 319 persons(86%) were analyzed. The research tool was the POMS translated by Yun(1993) and corrected by the researcher. Data were collected between February 12 and April 9 in 1996 and analyzed using the SAS package. The result are as follows 1. Items with low Cronbach coefficient alpha which means low correlation with total items were removed. The items were removed : friendly, tense, considerate, relaxed, sympathetic, resentful, good-natured, rebellious, trusting, carefree. 2. Overlapped or ambiguous items were discussed by colleagues and elders through verification of con-tent-validity and were removed. Five items were removed in tense-anxiety, seven, in depression-dejection, three, in vigor-activity, three, in fatigue-inertia, two, in confusion-bewilder-ment, five, in friendliness, and six, in anger-hostility. Thirty four items remainined : angry, clear-headed, lively, confused, sorry, shaky, list-less, peeved, sad, active, blue, hopeless, spiteful, uneasy, unable to concentrate, fatigued, helpful, nervous, lonely, cheerful, bitter, exhausted, anxious, ready to fight, sluggish, helpless, alert, deceived, efficient, worthless, forgetful, terrified, vigorous, and uncertain about things. 3. Factor analysis was done in order to confirm construct validity and three factors were obtained from the result. The first factor, 'anxiety-depression' included 21 items, the second factor, 'vigor' included eight items, and the third factor, 'anger' included five items. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 34 items was. 95. Based on the result, the following is suggested : 1. a contribute to elder's welfare can be made by examining Korean elder's mood in life. 2. there is a need to develop tools appropriate to Korean culture which can be used to examine elders' mood. 3. The modified POMS tool needs to be reverified with appropriate age groups and settings.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2009

The simulation of dynamic load was conducted based on surface profile on asphalt concrete pavement, vehicle speeds, and suspension types using a truck simulation program. The results of the simulated dynamic load based on different surface profile, vehicle speeds, and suspension types are analyzed. As pavement roughness and vehicle speed are increased, the dynamic load was increased. Walking beam suspension produces greater dynamic load than air spring suspension. Pavement damage index is calculated based on covariance of dynamic load and Paris-Erdogan fracture parameter, n which is based on creep compliance tests of asphalt mixtures used in Korea. The higher covariance of dynamic load, confidence level, and fracture parameter are used, the greater pavement damage index is obtained. Specification of pavement roughness can be developed in various vehicle speeds and asphalt mixtures, and pay factor can be determined after constructing asphalt concrete pavement using pavement damage concepts.