• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fatigue substantiation

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Study on aircraft fatigue life substantiation method (항공기 피로수명 입증방법 연구)

  • Kim, Sung Joon;Kim, Tae-Uk
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2016
  • This paper reviews and summarizes overall fatigue substantiation method of aircraft. The fatigue substantiation method has been studied using the related regulation and examples of industry application. And the comparisons of fatigue substantiation procedure between safe-life and damage tolerance design have been performed. Fatigue substantiation methods have wide variability depend on design methodology and type of aircraft such as fixed wing and rotorcraft. In this study, fatigue substantiation methodologies have been reviewed using analysis and test methods.

Development of dynamics simulation model for 3-point hitch of agricultural tractor during plow tillage

  • Mo A Son;Seung Yun Baek;Seung Min Baek;Hyeon Ho Jeon;Ryu Gap Lim;Yong Joo Kim
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.937-948
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    • 2022
  • Agricultural operations are performed in uneven environments by attaching an implement on the 3-point hitch of a tractor. A high load is thus placed on the 3-point hitch, and fatigue and failure of the hitch may occur during agricultural operations. In this study, a dynamic simulation model was developed to predict the load occurring on the eyebolt of a 3-point hitch, which is the main damaged component. The simulation model was developed and validated using agricultural data as simulation input and validation data. The dynamics model was developed using the specifications of a 78 kW class tractor. A measurement system was constructed to measure the simulation input and validation data. The simulation model was validated using a traction load on an eye bolt, which was measured during plow tillage operation. The measurement results showed that the average traction load on the left and right lower link and the top link were 8,099.97, 4,943.06, and 636.11 N, respectively. The simulation results and the measured traction load on the left eyebolt were respectively 610.30 and 597.15 N. The simulation results and measured traction load on the left eyebolt were respectively 1,179.78, and 1,145.06 N. The error between the simulation and measurement data was roughly 2% on the left eyebolt and 3% on the right eyebolt.

Traditional Unani Plant-Based Therapies for Menopausal Symptoms in Women

  • Arshiya Sultana;Fahmida Kousar;Shahzadi Sultana;Taseen Banu;Arfa Begum
    • CELLMED
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    • v.13 no.14
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    • pp.17.1-17.23
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    • 2023
  • Menopause is a physiological phase experienced by all women as part of normal aging known as menopause. Per se, menopause is not a disease, but hormonal imbalance may lead to menopausal symptoms in some women. The unani physician described that in Sinn-i-Inḥiṭāṭ/ Sinn al-Yās, Burūdat (coldness) increases lead to Ihtibās al-Tamth (amenorrhea) that can occur naturally. Besides, Khilt Dam (blood) production decreases from the liver, slight production occurs, tends towards Burūdat. Therefore, at this age, Ihtibās al-Tamth is associated with Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās(menopausalsymptoms) including weight gain, loss of appetite, hirsutism, fatigue, headache, backache, arthralgia, neck pain, general myalgia, nervousness, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The traditional Unani manuscripts are enriched with knowledge for the management of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Consequently, an extensive exploration of classical texts concerning the management of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās was undertaken. Moreover, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other indexing databases were thoroughly explored for evidence-based approaches to managing menopausalsymptoms. The principle management as per Unani texts is to treat the cause of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Unani medicines with emmenagogue, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties are beneficial for the amelioration of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Unani Herbs such as Asgandh, Aslusūs, Khārkhasak, Tagar, Shuneez, Ustukhuddus, Zafran, and Majūn Najāh possess properties and are proven scientifically for their efficacy in Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Hence, the substantiation and preservation of traditional knowledge assume paramount importance in facilitating prospective research and proving invaluable in the modern era. Moreover, the conduct of randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses becomes imperative.