• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fatty Acid

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Studies on the Fat Content and Fatty Acid Composition of the Black-bean-sauce Noodles in the Chinese Restaurants (시중 유통 자장면의 지방함량과 지방산 조성 조사)

  • Kim, Hyo-Jin;Jin, Juan;Lee, Ki-Teak
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.261-266
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    • 2010
  • In this study, we determined lipid content, total fatty acid composition, trans fatty acid(tFA) content, and acid value of twenty black-bean-sauce noodles collected in Seoul city area. Total lipid contents of twenty samples were determined to be 3.33~9.23% on wet base. Total unsaturated fatty acids were from 47.83% to 83.18%(mainly oleic and linoleic acid). Total saturated fatty acids ranged from 16.06% to 51.48%. Besides, tFA contents in total lipid of samples were ranged from 0.38% to 1.39%, equivalent to 20 to 80mg per 100g of black-bean-sauce noodles. Acid values of lipids extracted from samples ranged from 0.56 to 2.88.

Effects of Stearic, Oleic and Elaidic Acid on Cellular Lipids and Their Fatty Acid Composition in Hep-$G_2$ Cells (단일지방산 첨가에 의한 간세포의 지질조성과 지방산조성에 미치는 영향)

  • 김대진;조병희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.399-405
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    • 1996
  • The effects of stearic(18 : 0, SA), oleic(18 : 1 cis, OA) and elaidic acid(18 : 1 trans, EA) on the cell growth, contents of cellular lipids, and the fatty acid composition of cellular and medium lipids in Hep-G$_2$cells were evaluated. The cells were incubated in serum-free medium containing 25, 50, 100 and 200$\mu$M of a fatty acid combined with albumin for 2 days. The fatty acid concentration up to 100$\mu$M showed the normal growth, but the cell growth decreased in the presence of 200$\mu$M fatty acid. The treatment of cells with 100$\mu$M of a fatty acid for two days significantly(p<0.05) increased the cellular triglyceride(TG) content in all fatty acid groups compared to control, but TG contents was not significantly different among all treatment group, but total cholesterol(TC) was the highest level in EA group. The level of free cholesterol(FC) and cholesteryl ester(CE) was similar to those of TC in all fatty acid treated group. The cellular phospholipid(PL) contents were similar between the control and all fatty acid groups. The treatment of cells with SA has no notable effects on the fatty acid composition of TG, CE and PL. The OA treatment caused significant increases in CE(51.2%) and PL(29.8%), but not in TG. The EA treatment resulted in 10.1, 10.7 and 7.8% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$ content in cellular TG, CE, and PL. The TG, CE and PL of medium were relatively similar between SA and OA groups. In EA treated group, TG, CE and PL of medium contained 17.0%, 0.7% and 5.6% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$, respectively.

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Influences of Free Fatty Acid on the Albumin Binding of Warfarin and Dansylsarcosine (Warfarin, Dansylsarcosine의 알부민결합에 미치는 유리지방산의 영향)

  • Bae, Jin-Woo
    • The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.255-260
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    • 1994
  • There are some reports about the influences of free fatty acids on the albumin binding of drugs. But they were concerned to the limited free fatty acids, mostly of azapropazone-warfarin bidning site bound drugs and determination of dissociation and association constants by stopped flow technique. These data were not enough to make conculsions for the general tendency of free fatty acid to albumin binding. Therefore the influence of various saturated fatty acids of $C_{10{\sim}20}$, oleic acid and linoleic acid as unsaturated fatty acids to albumin binding of warfarin and dansylsarcosine were studied by equilibrium dialysis. The concentration of free drug was determined by spectrophotometer according to the molar ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 between free fatty acid and albumin. There were significant increasing in the free durg concentration of warfarin and dansylsarcosine when the molar ratio for capric acid, lauric acid and palmitic acid was 4. The free warfarin concentration was increased significantly at a molar ratio of 4 between oleic acid and albumin. Therefore the albumin binding of durgs can be variated significantly by increased free fatty acid of diabetics and cause to the pharmacokinetic variation between healthy and diabetics.

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Effects of Rumen Protected Oleic Acid in the Diet on Animal Performances, Carcass Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Hanwoo Steers

  • Lee, H-J.;Lee, S.C.;Oh, Y.G.;Kim, K.H.;Kim, H.B.;Park, Y.H.;Chae, H.S.;Chung, I.B
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.7
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    • pp.1003-1010
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    • 2003
  • The effects of different rumen protected forms, oleamide, Ca oleate, of dietary oleic acid on the carcass quality and fatty acid composition in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissues of Hanwoo steer were examined. Sixty, 25 month old Hanwoo steers divided into three groups were fed no supplement (Control), 2% of oleamide (Oleamide) or Ca-oleate (Ca-Oleate) in their diet for 45 or 90 days. Disappearance rates of oleic acid supplements in digestive tracts (Rumen bypass, abomasal and intestinal disappearance rate) were 48.5, 68.4 for oleamide and Ca oleate, respectively. Both oleic acid supplements affected feed intake, growth rate, cold carcass weight and carcass fatness. Live weight gain, carcass weight, backfat thickness and marbling score were higher in the oleic acid supplemented steers compared with those from the control. Oleic acid supplements increased marbling score and ether extract in Hanwoo steer m. logissi thoracicmus. Rumen protected oleic acid increased not only the level of oleic acid but also polyunsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissue. Total saturated fatty acid contents in both fat tissues were decreased whereas total unsaturated fatty acid content was increased compared with those from control. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly higher in Ca oleate than any other steers. Lipid metabolites in blood were increased in rumen protected oleic acid treatments. HDL content in blood was increased in Ca-oleate supplemented steers whereas LDL was decreased compared with control. The changes of fatty acid compositions in the rumen protected oleic acid supplemented steers suggest that the oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid were protected from rumen biohydrogenation and can be deposited in the fat tissues.

Dietary Fatty Acid Intakes of Employees in Employee Feeding Operations (사업체 집단급식소 근로자의 지방산 섭취 조사 연구)

  • 정은정
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.9-21
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    • 1996
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid intakes of employees in employee feeding operations in Seoul and to provide prudent dietary guidelines with special concern on dietary fat. Four establishments were selected in large scale group and other four were selected as small scale group according to feeding numbers and food cost. Food intake was measured by substracting the leftover from the averaged portion amount. The leftover was measured by the modified aggregate selection plate waste measurement technique. The results were as follows : Employees from the large scale institution consumed more energy, protein, carbohydrate and niacin compared to those from the small scale institution(p<0.05). The mean calorie compositions of carbohydrate, protein and fat of all subjects were 66.7, 16.4 and 16.9%. The mean fat intake was 12.1g/lunch. Linoleic acid(C18:2 $\omega$6, 3.67g) was the most abundant fatty acid contained in the diet, followed by oleic acid (C18:1 $\omega$9, 3.53g) and palmitic acid(C16:0, 1.83g). The subjects consumed 5.2g polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), 4.6g monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA), 3.2g saturated fatty acid(SFA) per lunch per person. The average ratios of P/M/S and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids were 1.6/1.5/1.0 and 8.5/1/0., respectively. the dietary $\omega$3 fatty acid status can be improved, even though the ratios found belong to the desirable range, by including $\omega$3 fatty acid rich-foods such as bean products and seafoods more frequently in the diet. Caution is needed for higher unsaturated nature of $\omega$3 series fatty acids to be prevented from peroxidation.

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Methodological Research on the Instruments of Fatty Acids Determination (지방산의 기기 측정 방법에 관한 연구)

  • 박선미;안명수
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 1991
  • In this study, several standard fatty acids were analyzed by three analysis instruments. And also, for the two kinds of soybean oils, fatty acids compositions were determined by three instruments. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the case of Gas Chromatography (GC), standard fatty acids (Myristic, Stearic, Linoleic, Linolenic, Arachidonic acid) were determined with high reproducibility, but oleic acid/elaidic acid were not seperated. By Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC), most of standard fatty acids were determined with very high reproducibility than saturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid/oleic acid were not seperated. 2. In the analytical ability of cis-trans fatty acids isomer (oleic acid/elaidic acid), CGC was shown better analytical ability of geometrical isomer than HPLC. Oleic acid/elaidic acid were not seperated by packed column (15% DEGS). The rquire time for standard fatty acids analysis was as follows; GC, 7.21 min., CGC, 9.84 min., HPLC, 24.48 min. 3. The major compositions of fatty acids of each soybean oil (CSOY; refined, DSOY; unrefined) by GC and CGC were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and stearic acid. But in the case of HPLC, palmitic acid/oleic acid were not seperated. Analytical ability of three instruments on fatty acids composition in each soybean oil was same trend as in the standard fatty acids mixture.

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The Effect of Metal Compounds em Biosynthesis of Phospholipid and the Fatty Acid Composition in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (Escherichia coli와 Bacillus subtilis의 인지질 생합성과 지방산 조성에 미치는 금속 화합물의 영향)

  • Park, Hye-Kyeong;Lee, Chong-Sam;Seo, Kwang-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.43-70
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    • 1994
  • The effects of potassium chromate (500ppm/500ppm), potassium dichromate (500ppm/500ppm), cobalt chloride (100ppm/10ppm), methylmercuric chloride (100ppm/10ppm) on the biosynthesis of phospholipid and their composition of fatty acids in E.coli and B.subtilis were analyzed. The contents of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and total lipids in treatment with metal compounds were lower to compare with the control. The major fatty acid utilized for biosynthesis of phospholipid was palmitic acid in control of E.coli and B.subtilis. However, in treatment with metal compounds, changes of fatty acid composition utilized for phospholipid formation were as follows. In E.coli major fatty acids were palimitic acid (ave. 26.26%) and cis-vaccenic acid (ave. 10.94%) in treatment with potassium chromate, palmitic acid (ave. 31.41%/31.42%) and stearic acid (ave. 17.92%/19.41%) in treatment with potassium dichromate and cobalt chloride. And in treatment with raethylmercuric chloride, palmitic acid (ave. 26.66%), stearic acid (ave. 15.50%) and cis-vaccenic acid (ave. 20.59%) were used in phospholipid formation. In B.subtilis, the major fatty acid was palmitoleic acid (ave. 15.29% /10.22%) in treatment with potassium chromate and cobalt chloride, and stearic acid (ave. 16.01%) in treatment with potassium dichromate. On the other hand, cis-vaccenic acid (ave. 9.09%), palmitic acid (ave. 17.23%), stearic acid (ave. 6.66%), myristic acid (ave. 6.34%) and lauric acid (ave. 4.75%) were analyzed into major fatty acids in treatment with methylmercuric chloride. As shown in results, specific fatty acid pattern was came out in treatment with metal compounds according to bacteria and treatments.

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The Effect of Metal Compounds on Phospholipid Biosynthesis and Fatty Acid Composition in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (Escherichia coli와 Bacillus subtilis의 당지질 생합성과 지방산 조성에 미치는 여러가지 금속화합물의 영향)

  • 이소은;이종삼
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.54-67
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    • 1995
  • The biosynthesis of galactolipid and galactose and their composition of fatty acid in E. coli and B. subtilis treated ] with copper chloride (10 ppm), nickel chloride (50 ppm), manganese chloride (100 ppm) during the culture were analyzed. The contents of MGDG, DGDG and total lipids in treatment with metal compounds were lower to compared with the control. In E. coli, the major fatty acid unitized for biosyntheis of MGDG were palimitic acid (ave. 36.87%) and linolenic acid (ave. 14.79%) in control. In MGDG, the major fatty acids were utilized for palmitic acid (ave. 20.00%) and myristic acid (ave. 7.32%) in treatment with copper chloride, lauric acid (ave. 11.71%) and linolenic acid (ave. 11.06%) in manganese chloride treatment. And in nickel chloride treatment, it was palmitic acid (ave. 36.16%) and oleic acid (ave. 6.43%) were use in MGDG formation. In DGDG, in copper chloride treatment, it was lauric acid (ave. 19.41%) and oleic acid (ave. 9.95%) in biosynthesis of galactolipid. and in treatment with nickel chloride linolenic acid (ave. 15.39%) and linoleic acid (ave. 13.51%), in manganese chloride treatment palmitic acid (ave. 29.76%) and palmitoleic acid (ave. 11.35%) were used in DGDG formation. In B. subtilis, the major fatty acids utilized for biosynthesis of galactolipid was palmitic acid (ave. 30.86%) and linolenic acid (ave. 8.36%) in control. Otherwise, in MGDG, the major fatty acids were utilized for palmitic acid (ave. 28.92%) and stearic acid (ave. 13.25%) in treatment with copper chloride, and palmitic acid (ave. 15.73%) and lauric acid (ave. 11.88%) in manganese chloride treatment. It was continned that nickel chloride treatment was palmitic acid (ave. 35.16%) and palmitoleic acid (ave. 12.47%). The major fatty acids in DGDG were utilized for palmitic acid(ave. 34.19%) and linoleic acid (ave. 17.45%) in copper chloride treatment, and lauric acid (ave. 11.16%) and myrisitic acid (ave. 8.65%) in manganese chloride treatment. In treatment with nickel chloride, it was palmitoleic acid (ave. 10.30%) and myristic acid (ave. 7.81%) were used galactolipid formation.

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High Fat Diet or Exercise Training Alters Hepatic Total and Phospholipid fatty Acid Compositions in Rats (고지방식이 및 운동훈련이 흰쥐 간조직의 총지방산 및 인지질 지방산패턴에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Chung-Eun;Um, Young-Sook;Cha, Youn-Soo;Park, Tae-Sun
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2000
  • Effects of high fat diet and/or endurance exercise training on hepatic total and phospholipid(PL) fatty acid compositions were evaluated in rats fed one of the following diets for 31 days. control diet(CD, 5 wt% corn oil) or high fat diet(HFD, 35 wt% corn oil). Half of the rats in each group were exercise-trained regularly on a treadmill for 90 minutes/day during the entire feeding period. Total and PL fatty acid compositions of hepatic lipid extracts were determined by a gas-liquid chromatograph),. Endurance exercise training did not change the daily food intake, but significantly reduced body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio of rats, which were most prominent in animals fed HFD. Exercise training did not significantly change the percentages of ∑saturated fatty acids (SFA) and ∑polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUEA), but decreased the percentage of ∑monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) in hepatic total fatty acids, which might be associated with the decrease in (equation omitted) 9-desaturation index of hepatic total fatty acid metabolism. Exercise training significantly lowered the percentages of 16 : 0 and 22 : 5$\omega$3, and increased the percentages of 20 : 1 and 20 : 3$\omega$3 in both total and PL fatty acid compositions in rat liver. Both total fatty acid and PL fatty acid compositions of rat liver responded more sensitively to changes in dietary fat content than to endurance exercise training in this study. Feeding HFD, whoch contains high level of linoleic acid(LA, 18 : 2$\omega$6), significantly decreased the percentages of ∑SFA and $\Sigma$MUFA, and increased the percentages of ∑PUFA and ∑$\omega$6 fatty acids of hepatic total fatty acids. Hepatic total fatty acid composition was affected by dietary fat content and dietary fatty acid composition more sensitively than those found in hepatic PL fatty acid composition. HFD significantly decreased most of desaturation indices, while exercise training significantly decreased elongation index(20 : 5$\omega$3⇒22 : 5$\omega$3) of hepatic total and PL fatty acid metabolism in rats. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 13-22, 2000)

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The Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol Levels of Rates Fed Different Sources of $\omega$3 Fatty Acid and Excess DHA during Gestation, Lactation, and Growth

  • Lee, Hongmie;Lee, Juhee;Kim, Jiwon;Park, Haymie
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.170-175
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    • 2001
  • This study was designed to investigate the effect of different sources of $\omega$3 fatty acid in the diet with a similar polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid ratio as well as excess DHA on the plasma fatty acid composition and cholesterol level of rats. Three experimental diets contained 10% (w/w) dietary lipids. The control diet and one treatment diet were corn oil-based diets with different $\omega$-3 fatty acid sources: perilla (CO) or fish oil (CF), respectively. In order to examine the effect of excess DHA, the other treatment diet (FO) was a fish oil-based diet with corn oil to supply essential fatty acids at the level of 1.8% (w/w) of the diet. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets for 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Pups were weaned to the same diet of dams at 21 days of age. Plasma fatty acid compositions and cholesterol contents were analyzed for pups at 3th, 7th and 10th week after birth. Plasma DHA concentrations increased significantly as the level of fish oil supplementation increased. Three-, seven- and ten-week old rats fed on CO diet which contained only $\alpha$-lino1enic acid as a $\omega$-3 fatty acid Source had Plasma DHA levels of 4.85%, 3.15% ana 2.47%, respectively, suggesting that rats at this period of development can convert $\alpha$-linolenic acid to DHA. But the ability to form DHA might be limited, since dietary DHA showed to be more effective in raising the plasma level of DHA. There was a significant negative correlation between DHA and cholesterol concentration of the rat plasma at 7th week (r=0.34, p<0.05) and l0th week after birth (r=036, p<0.05), proving the hypocholesterolemic effect of DHA.

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