• 셀메드
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.6
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• 2020

Since times immemorial, people have been dependant on plants for the various nutritional and pharamacological properties. Folk and traditional medicine recognizes thousands of plant species having miraculous benefits. Fig (Ficus carica Linn.) has been part of folk-lore since centuries. Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) is a huge deciduous tree, with more than 800 species. Different parts of Ficus carica like bark, root, leaves, fruit and latex have their own valuable importance and are frequently used for the treatment of various illnesses. Fruit of Ficus carica is commonly called as fig (anjeer) has various medicinal properties used in Unani, Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional system of medicines. Fig fruit is mostly used in gastro intestinal and respiratory disorders. In Unani medicine, fig is used as a diuretic, mild laxative and expectorant. Phytochemical studies on the leaves and fruits of the plant have shown that they are rich in Phenolics, Flavonoids, Vitamin C, Alkaloids, Saponins, Coumarins, tannins, organic acids, and volatile compounds due to which it is having great antioxidant property. Most interesting therapeutic effects include hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial and hypolipidemic activities.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2020

Ficus carica L. (fig) is one of the first cultivated crops and is as old as humans. This plant has been extensively used as a traditional medicine for treating diseases, such as cough, indigestion, nutritional anemia, and tuberculosis. However, the physiological activity of fig leaves on oral cancer is as yet unknown. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of methanol extracts of Ficus carica (MeFC) and the mechanism of cell death in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeFC decreased the viability of oral cancer (FaDu) cells but did not affect the viability of normal (L929) cells, as determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Live and Dead assay. In addition, MeFC induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining and western blot analysis. Moreover, a concentration of MeFC without cytotoxicity (0.25 mg/mL) significantly suppressed colony formation, a hallmark of cancer development, and completely inhibited the colony formation at 1 mg/mL. Collectively, these results suggest that MeFC exhibits a potent anticancer effect by suppressing the growth of oral cancer cells and colony formation via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, the methanol extract of Ficus carcica leaves provide a natural chemotherapeutic drug for human oral cancer.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

Ficus carica L. (common fig), one of the first plants cultivated by humans, originated in the Mediterranean basin and currently grows worldwide, including southwest Asia and South Korea. It has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases as well as hemorrhoids and skin infections. Its pharmacological properties have recently been studied in detail, but research on the anti-cancer effect of its latex has been only been studied on a limited basis on several cell lines, such prostate cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of the latex of Ficus carica L.and its underlying mechanism in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. (See Ed. note above) We confirmed through SDS-PAGE analysis and gelatinolytic activity analysis that the latex of Ficus carica contains cysteine protease ficin. Our data showed that the latex inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the latex treatment markedly induced apoptosis in FaDu cells as determined by FACS analysis, elevated expression level of cleaved caspase-9, -3 and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), and. increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic factor) while decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic factor). Taken together, these results suggested that latex containing the ficin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis by caspase and the Bcl-2 family signaling pathway in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. These findings point to the potential of latex of Ficus carica to provide a novel chemotherapeutic drug due to its growth inhibition effects and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2005

Fig(Ficus carica L.) which belongs to Moraceae family has been used as digestion promoter, cure for ulcerative inflammation and eruption in Korea. Figs have very short preservation period and can be kept only 1 week even in the refrigeration system. The possibility of wine-making from Korean figs was tested by analyzing the fermentation characteristics, proximate analysis and free sugar contents of wine made of slices with 20% sugar addition. Ethanol fermentation of the figs by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was done rapidly. The ethanol contents, pH, total acidity and sugar content were 12.1%, 3.91, 0.42% and 9.9 °Brix, respectively. The results from the sensory evaluation were as follows. The wine made from the sliced figs were better than that from fig juices in their sensory scores. The wine made with frozen figs was not different from that made with fresh ones. To improve the quality of wine, the addition of dried leaf powder in the concentration of 100 ppm were tried and found it was superior to the one made without leaf.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2010

무화과는 뽕나무 과에 속하며 세계에서 가장 오래된 과일 중 하나이고, 국내에서는 주로 소화장애, 염증성궤양 그리고 가려움증 등에 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 무화과 잎을 메탄올로 추출한 후 임상진료실에서 분리된 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균(MRSA)에 대한 항균활성을 보았다. 그 결과 분리된 MRSA 1-20에서 최소억제농도 (MIC)는 2.5 mg/mL에서 20 mg/mL 농도로 측정되었으며, 최소살균농도(MBC)는 5 mg/mL에서 20 mg/mL 농도로 관찰되었다. Oxacillin이나 ampicillin과 병용투여 시 4-8배 이상의 MIC/MBC농도가 감소되었으며, FICI 값도 0.0375-0.5이하로 병용효과를 나타내었다. 더불어 메탄올추출물 단독 사용시 보다 항생제와 병용투여 시 빠른 사멸효과를 보였다. 결론적으로 무화과 잎이 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균에 항균활성을 나타냄을 확인하였으며, 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균 감염에 천연 치료제로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.566-573
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• 2002

In order to obtain the basic data fer the processing adaptability of Korean figs(Ficus carica L.), physicochemical analyses were carried out with Korean common type figs in the different ripening stages. Moisture contents decreased, but the contents of protein, fat carbohydrate and soluble solids increased according to the ripening of fruits. K was detected as the most abundant one of all the minerals and Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were the next in order. The mineral contents decreased slightly with ripening. Especially, Ca, Mg, U, Fe and Zn were higher in the unripened H stage figs. The antioxidative activity was assayed with water and methanol extracts from ripened figs by the DPPH radical scavenging ability. The antioxidative activities of Korean figs were relatively high and increased in a dose dependent manner. The methanol extract showed the higher antioxidative activity than the water one. Therefore, the methanol was the better solvent than water for the antioxidative compounds. These results suggested that Korean figs are relatively the good sources of minerals, especially the Ca and the antioxidative compounds.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2005

본 연구는 천연물에서의 생리활성물질 동정의 일환으로 Ficus Carica Linnoeus(FCL)로부터 60kDa의 FCL glycoprotein(무화과 당단백질)을 추출한 후, 무화과 당단백질의 첨가에 따른 과산화 지질 라디칼 억제능력 및 생질의 혈장 콜레스테롤 수준과 간 해독효소활성의 개선효과를 평가하였다. In vitro에서 리놀렌산 자동산화반응에 기초한 과산화 지질 라디칼 억제능력을 실험한 결과, 무화과 당단백질을 섭취시킨 농도가 증가함에 따라 과산화 지질 라디칼 억제율은 증가하였다. 한편, 생쥐에게 14일 동안 무화과 당단백질을 50 및 100mg/kg 농도로 섭취시킨 그룹과 무화과 당단백질을 섭취시킨 후 Triton WR-1339를 투여한 생쥐 그룹에서 혈액 및 간조직을 채취하여 혈장 콜레스테롤의 수준변화 및 해독효소의 활성을 측정한 결과, 100mg/kg 농도로 무화과 단백질을 섭취시킨 그룹에서 TC와 LDL-콜레스테롤의 수준은 유의적 감소효과가 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 Triton WR-1339에 의해 고지혈증이 유발된 생쥐그룹에서도 TC와 LDL-콜레스테롤 수준이 유의적 억제능력을 보였는데, 특히 100mg/kg 농도에서 그 개선 효과는 더욱 분명하였다(p<0.01). 간의 해독효소 중 항산화 기능을 하는 SOD, CAT 그리고 GPx의 활성은 모두 증가되었는데, 특히 GPx는 100mg/kg의 농도에서 유의성을 보이며 증가하였다(p<0.01). 따라서 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 무화과 당단백질이 해득효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로써 체내의 ROS의 수준을 감소시키고, 이러한 항산화 효과가 혈중 콜레스테롤의 수준을 감소시키는데 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

양한 환경조건 온실, 하우스 및 노지에서 재배된 무화과 잎의 메탄을 추출물 및 그 분획물의 살충활성을 검토한 결과 노지에서 재배된 무화과 잎의 메탄을 추출물($80{\sim}89%$ 억제)이 온실이나 하우스에서 재배된 것에 비해 점박이응애(T. urticae)에 대해 더 높은 활성을 보였다. 특히 노지 재배 무화과 잎의 메탄올 추출물에서 분획한 에틸아세테이트층과 헥산층의 점박이응애에 대한 살충활성은 각각 92%와 90%로 가장 높은 방제가를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 노지재배 무화과 잎의 메탄올 추출물 및 그 분획물이 식물유래 해충방제 수단으로서 잠재적인 살충효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.721-730
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• 2017

This study determined the optimal mixing ratio of functional materials to enhance the functionality of batter for fish cutlets. An optimal mixing ratio of the hiziki Hizikia fusiformis, fig fruit Ficus carica L. and pear Pyrus pyrifolia Niitaka extracts (HFP extract) of 3:1:1 was found. The physicochemical properties of the mixture were as follows: total phelonic contents of $1187.29{\pm}41.55mg/L$, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of $61.50{\pm}2.33%$, ascorbic acid content of $23.68{\pm}0.02g/100g$, ${\beta}-carotene$ content of $51{\pm}3.92{\mu}g/100g$, and sugar content of $12.7{\pm}0.1Brix^{\circ}$. A mixture of the extract, Korean herbal powder, and wheat flour was prepared as the fish cutlet batter. The fish cutlet prepared with the batter had a hardness of $166-202g/cm^2$ and Hunter's color scale values L of $31.14{\pm}2.1$ to $34.62{\pm}1.3$, a of $-4.89{\pm}0.21$ to $-2.26{\pm}0.19$ and b of $-20.65{\pm}2.65$ to $28.93{\pm}3.14$. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) of the fish cutlets were measured to evaluate functionality and determine the optimal mixing ratio for cold storage at $-12^{\circ}C$, $-18^{\circ}C$, and $-24^{\circ}C$. The optimum mixture ratio of extracts /Korean herbal powder/ wheat flour was 1:6:3.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2017

Fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a viral disease that spreads in all Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) orchards. RT-PCR technique was applied to leaf samples of 29 fig accessions of 15 fig varieties from the fig germplasm collection of High Agronomic Institute (I.S.A) of ChattMariem, to detect viruses associated to FMD. Analysis results show that 65.5% of the accessions (19/29) and 80.0% (12/15) of the fig varieties are infected by FMD-associated viruses. From all fig accessions, 41.4% of them are with single infection (one virus) and 24.1% are with multi-infections (2 virus and more). Viruses infecting fig leaf samples are Fig mosaic virus (FMV) (20.7%), Fig milde-mottle-associated virus (FMMaV) (17.25%), Fig fleck associated virus (FFkaV) (3.45%), and Fig cryptic virus (FCV) (55.17%). A reliable protocol for FCV and FMMaV elimination from 4 local fig varieties Zidi (ZDI), Soltani (SNI), Bither Abiadh (BA), and Assafri (ASF) via in vitro culture of 3 meristem sizes was established and optimized. With this protocol, global sanitation rates of 79.46%, 65.55%, 68.75%, and 70.83% respectively for ZDI, SNI, BA, and ASF are achieved. For all sanitized varieties, the effectiveness of meristem culture for the elimination of FCV and FMMaV viruses was related to meristem size. Meristem size 0.5 mm provides the highest sanitation rates ranging from 70% to 90%.