• 제목/요약/키워드: Financial Constraints

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코스닥 기업의 전환사채 발행이 금융제약에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 (An Empirical Study on KOSDAQ-Listed SMEs' Convertible Bonds and Financial Constraints)

  • 빈기범;변진호;박경희
    • 중소기업연구
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.173-193
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구에서는 최근 그 건수와 규모가 크게 급증하고 있는 코스닥 상장 기업 전환사채 발행을 분석한다. 코스닥 기업은 국내에서 종종 중견기업으로 불리우며 일반적인 중소기업보다는 상장사로서 규모도 크고 소유구조도 분산되어 있다. 하지만, 중견기업과 중소기업을 구분하는 것은 한국적 관행일 뿐, 중소기업에 대한 영문 용어로 받아들여지는 SME(small and medium enterprise)에는 분명히 중견기업도 포함된다. 전환사채는 미국과 유럽에서 전통적으로 중소기업의 중요한 자본조달 수단이었다. 코스닥 기업은 실제로 전환사채를 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 전환사채는 자본 공여를 주저하는 투자자에게 투자 유인을 제공하고, 기업은 상대적으로 저렴한 금리의 자본조달을 가능하게 한다. 본 연구에서는 코스닥 기업의 전환사채 발행을 통한 자본조달이 금융제약 완화에 영향을 미치는지 분석한다. 금융제약은 불완전한 자본시장에 기인하며, 이는 어느 기업이나 정도의 차이만 있을 뿐 존재하기 마련이다. 특히, 중소기업의 성장과 생존에 금융제약은 중대한 영향을 미친다. FHP(1988)의 연구는 금융제약(financial constraints)에 관한 가장 중요한 효시적 연구이다. 본고에서는 FHP의 금융제약 척도를 이용하여 실증 분석한 결과, 코스닥 상장 기업에서 전환사채 발행은 금융제약을 완화하는 것으로 나타났다.

국내 무부채 기업의 두 종류 기업군에 관한 실증적 연구: 재정적 제약을 갖고 있는 그룹과 재무적 유연성을 추구하는 그룹 (An Empirical Study of Two Different Groups of Zero Leverage Firms in Korea: Firms with Financial Constraints and Firms with Debt Avoidance for Future Investment)

  • 양인선
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.804-813
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    • 2020
  • 기존의 국내 무부채 기업에 관한 연구는 부채 그룹과 대비되는 의미에서의 무부채 단일 그룹의 동질적인 그룹 특성 연구에 중점을 두었다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 국내 무부채 기업군을 단 변량 분석과 다 변량 로짓 회귀분석을 사용하여 배당금을 지급하는 그룹과 지급하지 않는 그룹으로 나누어 실증 분석한 결과 국내 기업들이 무부채 전략을 선택하는 동기에 있어서 크게 두 종류의 기업군으로 분류 될 수 있음을 발견했다. 첫 번째 기업군은 주로 기업 크기가 작은 신생 기업들로서 금융시장에서 부채를 조달하는데 어려움이 있고 이런 재정적인 어려움 때문에 무부채를 선택하는 기업들이다. 이런 종류의 기업들은 배당금을 지급할 수 있을만한 유동성이 없다. 두 번째 그룹은 비교적 크고 성숙한 기업들로서 현재 부채 조달에 어려움은 없지만 미래 성장에 필요한 투자 자금 확보를 대비해서 현재의 부채 사용을 억제하여 필요한 시점의 원활한 부채 자금 조달을 위한 재정적 유연성을 갖고자 무부채 전략을 선택하는 것으로 보인다. 재정적으로는 비교적 안정되어 있고 배당을 지급하지 않는 그룹보다 수익률과 영업 현금흐름에서 더 높지만 성장가능성은 상대적으로 더 낮다. 요약하자면 무부채 그룹은 단일 공통된 특성의 그룹이 아니다.

The Effects of Financial Constraints on Investments in Korean Stock Market

  • KANG, Shinae
    • 동아시아경상학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - This paper empirically investigates what factors contribute to corporate investments under financial constraint condition in the Korean stock market. In the paper, tangible assets' growth rate and fixed assets' growth rate were employed as investment performance and total assets were also used for comparison purpose. Research design and methodology - Samples are constructed by manufacturing firms listed on the stock market of Korea as well as those who settle accounts in December from 2001 to 2018. Financial institutions are excluded from the sample as their accounting procedures, governance and regulations differ. This study adopted a fixed panel regression model to assess the sample construction including yearly and cross-sectional data. Results - This results support the literatures that major shareholders showed positive significance to investment in financially unconstrained firms and no significance to investment in financially constrained firms. ROA showed positive significance to investment in financially unconstrained and constrained firms, whereas firm size showed negative significance to investment in financially unconstrained and constrained firms. Debt showed no positive significance to investment in financially unconstrained firms and negative significance to investment in financially constrained firms. Conclusions - This paper documented evidence that ROA and firm size are important factors to investment irrespective of firms' financial constraints. And this paper also supports that major shareholders give positive impact to investments in financially unconstrained firms. This means that financial constraints itself rule corporate' investment decision in financially constrained firms.

THE EFFECT OF INFLATION RISK AND SUBSISTENCE CONSTRAINTS ON PORTFOLIO CHOICE

  • Lim, Byung Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.115-128
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    • 2013
  • The optimal portfolio selection problem under inflation risk and subsistence constraints is considered. There are index bonds to invest in financial market and it helps to hedge the inflation risk. By applying the martingale method, the optimal consumption rate and the optimal portfolios are obtained explicitly. Furthermore, the quantitative effect of inflation risk and subsistence constraints on the optimal polices are also described.

Capital Expenditure Behavior of Overconfident Managers of Japanese Firms: Empirical Evidence During the Financial Crisis in Japan

  • ISHIGURO, Takehide
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제9권6호
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    • pp.175-181
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    • 2022
  • Malmendier and Tate (2005) and Aktas et al. (2019) suggested that overconfident managers will invest if they have sufficient internal funds. Still, they will save internal funds instead of reducing investment if they have insufficient internal funds because they perceive more substantial financial constraints than other managers. This study examines whether overconfident managers will not invest when the financial crisis makes it difficult to raise external funds. In particular, during the financial crisis in Japan, banks simultaneously provided active monitoring and financing to firms with strong relationships with banks. Therefore, this study can also examine the relationship between overconfident managers and bank behavior by focusing on Japanese firms. This study examines whether overconfident managers increase their investment in firms with strong relationships with banks during the financial crisis. The results of this study showed that overconfident managers, especially their firms with strong relationships with banks, reduce investments more than other managers during the financial crisis. This study suggests that Japanese banks reduced financial constraints and exerted strong corporate governance on Japanese firms during the financial crisis.

중년후기 성인이 지각하는 여가제약 및 여가충족이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Leisure Constraints and Leisure Sufficiency of Late Middle-Aged Adults on Their Life Satisfaction)

  • 박지수;박경란
    • 한국생활과학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.689-703
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among 'leisure constraints', 'leisure sufficiency' and 'life satisfaction' perceived by late middle-aged adults. The subjects of this research were 275 adults from 50 to 64. The results are as follows: 1) Among 5 categories of 'leisure constraints', the subjects perceive' financial constraints' as the most important, and in order of importance, 'social constraints', 'physical constraints', and 'familial constraints' followed. 2) Among five 'leisure activities', a factor perceived most sufficiently by middle-aged adults is 'simple relaxation' and followed by 'social activities', 'activities with family'. 'learning activities', and 'play-recreation activities'. 3) The factors influencing life satisfaction perceived by late-middle aged adults are 'religion', 'financial constraints', 'education', 'familial constraints', 'physical constraints', 'learning activities', and 'play-recreation activities'. These 7 factors explain 38.9% of total variation. Also, the 'leisure constraints' has a greater impact on their 'life satisfaction' than on their 'leisure sufficiency'.

Impacts of Financial Constraints on Firm Value for KONEX Listed Firms

  • Zhang, Xue Dong;Kang, Shinae
    • 융합경영연구
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study empirically investigates what factors contribute to corporate value in the Korea New Exchange (KONEX) market and determines whether financial constraints contribute any effect on it. Research design, data and methodology: A fixed-effect panel regression model was utilized to analyze financial constraints on firm value for KONEX listed firms through the fiscal period from 2013 to 2020. Results: we find that firms' research and development, volatility, size, and sales growth give significant impacts to firm value, but the significance and direction are different. In addition, no significant relationship exists between the largest shareholder's equity ratio and firm value in all models. The debt-to-equity ratio did not show a significant relationship with corporate value. A significant negative relationship was found between R&D and corporate value in the entire sample. Volitility exhibited a positive relationship with corporate value in the entire sample and financially unconstrained companies. Firm size presented a significant negative relationship with company value in all models. Sales growth showed a significant negative relationship with corporate value in financially constrained companies. Conclusions: No difference is found between financially constrained and unconstrained companies in the KONEX market. We can infer that KONEX companies have a large difference with KOSPI or KOSDAQ. Further analysis is needed on the differences among these markets.

Tax Planning, Financial Constraints and Investment Management: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

  • BUTT, Muhammad Naveed;MALIK, Qaisar Ali;WAHEED, Abdul;TABASSUM, Aftab Hussain
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권12호
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    • pp.129-139
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this study is to provide insight into tax avoidance through planning and management, and its investment consequences in financially constrained and unconstrained firms, as well as to empirically examine the interrelationships between the variables studied. Data was extracted from the financial statement analysis of non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) published by the State Bank of Pakistan, covering ten major manufacturing sectors. KZ index and WW index are used to identify financially constrained and unconstrained firms. Tax avoidance is measured by using GETR and LETR. All the equations are estimated through panel data regression models using common, fixed, and random effects. The empirical investigation of the role of tax avoidance in all firms collectively and constrained and unconstrained firms separately showed that the tax avoidance behavior of these firms is translated into investments by these firms. The study will help policymakers in strategy formulation and implementation related to tax planning and investment decisions in constrained and unconstrained firms to overcome their financial constraints and to optimize their investment decisions for value maximization. This will substantially increase the investment in the country by providing growth opportunities and lowering the tax rates.

운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과의 실증적 분석 (An Empirical Analysis of Fixed Asset Investment Smoothing Effects of Working Capital)

  • 신민식;김수은;김공영
    • 재무관리연구
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.25-51
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 1986년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지 한국증권선물거래소의 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과를 실증분석 하였으며, 주요한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 재무적 제약기업은 운전자본을 이용하여 고정자산투자를 스무딩할 수 있다. 외부에서 음(-)의 현금흐름 충격이 발생하면, 운전자본의 감소를 통해 고정자산투자를 스무딩하고, 양(+)의 현금흐름 충격이 발생하면, 운전자본의 증가를 통해 잉여현금흐름을 보관한다. 따라서 재무적 제약기업의 경우에, 운전자본은 고정자산투자에 유의한 음(-)의 영향을 미치며, 재무적 제약이 클수록 음(-)의 영향력은 더 커진다. 제무적 제약 정도는 배당지급 수준과 자본시장 접근성을 기준으로 측정할 수 있다. 저배당기업은 고배당기업보다 재무적 제약이 크며, 자본시장 비접근 기업은 접근기업보다 재무적 제약이 크다. 또한, 운전자본과 고정자산투자간의 내생성을 고려하더라도 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과는 여전히 존재한다. 따라서 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과는 통계적으로나 경제적으로 중요한 의미를 갖는다고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 한국증권선물거래소의 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업들은 비대칭정보 하에서 재무적제약을 받을 경우에, 운전자본을 사용하여 고정자산투자를 스무딩한다고 할 수 있다. 특히, 배당지급이 적은 저배당기업이나 자본시장에 접근이 용이하지 않은 비접근기업은 재무적 제약이 더 많기 때문에, 운전자본을 사용하여 고정자산투자를 스무딩 할 가능성이 많다. 따라서 기업 경영자들은 이러한 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과를 고려하여 운전자본관리를 실천함으로써 기업가치를 극대화시킬 수 있다고 생각한다.

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Bank's Market Power and Firm Access to Capital Markets in Asia

  • Lee, Sunglyong;Seol, Youn
    • Management Science and Financial Engineering
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2013
  • We investigate the effect of bank's market power on financing constraints of non-financial firms in 11 Asian countries between 1995 and 2009. Using firm-level data we analyze financial constraints with the Euler equation derived from the dynamic investment model. We find that with a highly concentrated banking sector firms which have high market power are less financially constrained. These results are consistent with an information-based hypothesis that more market power increases bank's advantage to produce information on potential borrowers.