• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2009

In the traditional percussion locks of small arms, a firing pin is struck by a hammer rotating on a single center of rotation, which makes the percussion mechanism simple and reliable. In order to strike the firing pin by the hammer, however, the firing pin should be located within the radius of rotation of the hammer. As the distance between the striking point of the firing pin and the center of rotation of the hammer becomes longer, the radius of rotation of the hammer should also be increased, which results in the increase of the volume and weight of the small arms because the hammer needs the more space for its operation inside of the small arms. In this paper, a link type percussion lock was newly proposed in order to overcome the limitation of designing small arms when using traditional percussion locks, as mentioned above. The link type percussion lock was modeled by using multi-body dynamics software and designed to satisfy the requirements such as striking force level of the hammer exerting on the firing pin enough to detonate the percussion cap of ammunitions and the safety on the accidental drop. It was applied to the newly developed dual-barrel weapon system, in which the weight and overall length are important design factors, and verified by durability test and drop test on the ground.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.648-655
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• 2020

현대의 자동소총의 공이는 공이치기에 의해 타격을 받아 장전된 탄약의 뇌관을 기폭 시키는 역할을 한다. 이 과정에서 공이는 충격하중을 받게 되며 소총의 수명주기 동안 반복적인 힘을 받게 된다. 소총의 내구도 시험에서 전체의 96.26% 진행 중 공이가 조기에 파손되는 현상이 발생하였다. 이에 따라 원인분석과 재현시험을 통해 파손현상 사례연구를 실시하였다. 파손이 발생한 공이의 파단면을 현미경 및 SEM 분석결과 반복충격에 의해 표면 원주방향 전체에서 균열이 시작해 심부로 피로균열이 발생했다. 반복충격에 의해 균열이 성장하다 마지막에 피로파괴가 발생하였으며, 노치에 의한 것으로 추정되었다. 검증을 위해 원주방향 0.03mm의 노치를 생성한 공이로 재현시험결과 동일한 형태의 파단면을 가지면서 전체 수명의 64.25%에서 파손되었다. 파손사례연구를 위한 노치형태별 재현시험결과 한쪽 측면 노치 0.3mm, 0.5mm의 공이는 각각 65.53%, 50.76%에서, 6개 지점의 노치 0.03mm는 85.65%에서 파손되었다. 마지막으로 표면 거칠기가 거칠고 툴 마크가 육안으로 확인이 가능한 공이는 내구수명을 만족하며 381㎛의 내부균열이 진행되었다. 본 연구를 통해 노치형태별 파손에 대해 고찰하였으며, 반복충격을 받는 부품의 신뢰성 확보를 위해 노치와 표면 거칠기 품질관리가 중요한 것을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2014

An analytical model was developed to understand the physics and predict the functional performance of a pin puller. The formulated model is based on one-dimensional gas dynamics for an ideal gas. Resistive forces against pin shaft movement were measured in quasi-static mechanical tests, the results of which were incorporated into the model. The expansion chamber pressure and the pin shaft displacement were measured from an actual firing test and compared to the model prediction. The gas generation rate was adjusted by a correction factor, and the heat transfer rate was obtained through parametric analysis. The validity of the model is assessed for additional firing tests with different amounts of pyrotechnic charge. This model can provide knowledge on how the pin puller functions, and on which design parameters contribute the most to the actuation of the pin puller. Using this model, we estimate the functional safety factor by comparing the energy generated by the pyrotechnic charge to the energy required to accomplish the function.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.168-192
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• 2020

In recently designed diesel engines, the running conditions for piston-pin bearings have become severe because of the higher combustion pressure and increased temperature. Moreover, the metal removal from the bushing material has strongly reduced the ability of the antifriction material to accept asperity contacts. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways of reducing wear scar on the connecting-rod small-end bushing and piston-pin boss bearing related to the higher combustion pressure on the power cell of an engine. In this work, the position and level of material removal from the surfaces of the bushing and bearing under such severe operating conditions - for example, maximum power and torque conditions of a passenger car diesel engine - are estimated for several combinations of surface roughness. First, piston-pin rotating motion is investigated by calculating the friction coefficient at piston-pin bearings, the oil film thickness, and the frictional torques induced by hydrodynamic shear stress. Subsequently, the wear scarring on the surfaces of a connecting-rod small-end bushing and two piston-pin boss bearings related to piston-pin rotational motion is numerically calculated under the maximum power and torque operating conditions. This work is helpful to determine the reasonable surface roughness of the bushing and bearing for reducing wear volume occurring at the interface between a bearing and a shaft.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, the goal is to analyze this case to prevent the same accidents when using one-shot rifle. Methods: Detailed analysis of damaged parts must first be made in order to determine the cause of the abnormal explosion. The cause of abnormal operation can be determined by analyzing the information of damaged components and the firing mechanism of the weapon step by step. Also we can refer to a statement of shooter, witness and accident scene situation. Based on this theory, cause of abnormal firing can be narrow down. Results: Fracture of pin for fixing firing and latch is cause of abnormal operation of firing. Conclusion: It is deemed that periodic inspection and fundamental improvement of the structure are required to prevent the same accident as this.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2006

4-실린더 엔진의 작동 시 크랭크샤프트의 기계적 거동을 해석하는 방법에 관한 연구 논문이다 이 해석의 목적은 모드 해석을 단순화 하기위해 Pin 과 Arm을 일정하게 가정하고, 이를 통해 단순화된 크랭크샤프트의 특성을 연구하는 것이며, 해석을 통하여 얻어진 전달 함수에서의 고유진동수와 모드 형상을 실험을 통한 모드 해석과 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통한 결과와 실험을 비교한 결과 해석치와 실험치의 값이 일치함을 확인할 수 있었고 이를 통하여 해석 모델을 검증하였다. 또한 검증된 모델을 통하여 엔진 작동 시 크랭크샤프트의 특성을 해석하고자 하였다. 초기 연소 조건에 기초하여 주파수 영역에서 크랭크샤프트의 동적 거동을 해석하기 위한 새로운 방법을 기술하였다. 새로운 기법은 엔진의 작동 조건에서 저널 베어링과 밸런서의 형상 변경을 통하여 얻어진 에너지 값을 계산하기 위해서 RMS값을 이용하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2008

Monolith aperture-type oxygen sensors with simple structure of YSZ(pin-hole)/Pt/ YSZ(solid electrolyte)/Pt were fabricated by co-firing technique. To enhance the yield of productivity, a couple of YSZ green sheets for diffused barrier and solid electrolyte were prepared by tape-casting and co-firing method. The limit current characteristics of the oxygen sensors were measured between 500 and $650^{\circ}C$ The heating temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ was optimum as a portable oxygen sensor in the range of oxygen concentration from 0 to 75 vol%. Linear proficiency of limit current behavior as a function of oxygen concentration was controlled by the variation of aperture dimension. The fabricated oxygen sensors showed the stable sensing output for 30 days. Gas leakage in bonding area due to warping, cracking and thermal cycling was not found in the period.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2003

Strength evaluation was carried out for the fillet and oil hole of crankshaft of medium speed diesel HiMSEN engine to verify initial concept design. Alternating torque obtained from torsional vibration analysis and radial force due to firing pressure were applied. It was assumed that the maximum alternating torque and radial force occur simultaneously. Weak points in view of fatigue are proceeding fillet and crank pin fillet area and the minimum normalized fatigue safety factor is 1.17 at crank pin fillet. The fatigue strength of the oil hole was evaluated to verify the effect of the surface roughness of the oil hole. As results, the specific level of the inner surface roughness and the polishing depth of the oil hole for sufficient fatigue strength was suggested. The maximum stress value and stress distribution at the inner surface of the oil hole can be easily estimated at initial design stage by the newly developed method.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.93-107
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• 2018

The purpose of Part I of this study is to find the potential region of wear scarring on engine journal bearings operating at a constant angular crank shaft velocity under firing conditions. To do this, we calculate the applied loads and eccentricities of a big-end journal bearing installed on a four-stroke and four-cylinder engine at every crank angle. Then, we find potential wear regions, such as a minimum oil film thickness, at every crank angle below most oil film thickness scarring wear (MOFTSW) obtained based on the concept of the centerline average surface roughness. Thus, the wear region is defined as a set of each film thickness below the MOFTSW at every crank angle. In this region, the wear volume changes according to the wear depth and wear angle, depending on the minimum oil film thickness at every crank angle. The total wear volume is the summation during one cycle. Graphical views of the region in the two-dimensional coordinates show the crank angle and bearing angle along the journal center path, indicating the position of the minimum oil film thickness. The results of wear analysis show that the possible wear region is located at a few tens of angles behind the upper center of a big-end bearing at maximum power rpm.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.4828-4834
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• 2015

Action Time이란 탄이 공이가 뇌관을 격발한 순간부터 총구를 이탈할 때까지의 걸리는 시간을 말한다. 40mm 고속유탄은 장전되면서 격발되는 구조이므로 Action Time이 특정 시간 이내여야 탄피 고착과 같은 악작용을 방지 할 수 있다. 기존 40mm 고속유탄의 Action Time 계측은 신뢰성 있는 측정 장비의 부재로, 그동안 Action Time이 K4기관총 품질 보증에 적용되는 것에 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 센서 간 비교와 별도의 발사 장치 고안을 통해 정확한 Action Time을 측정하고자 하였다. 이 장치에서는 공이 부분에 설치된 광센서의 신호와 총열 부분에 설치된 와전류 탐촉자 신호 간 간격이 계측되고, 실시간으로 컴퓨터로 데이터가 전송되게 된다. 계측된 Action Time 결과가 시스템 요구 성능에 충족하는지 여부를 즉시 확인함으로써 40mm 고속유탄의 품질 보증에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.