• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.131-154
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• 2021

이 연구는 최근 출판계와 도서관계의 갈등의 원인이 되는 도서관의 전자책 서비스와 관련된 저작권 문제를 심층적으로 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해서 먼저 저작권 제도의 목적과 개요를 간략히 정리하였다. 그리고 나서 종이책과 전자책의 대출에 적용되는 저작권법의 법리를 분석하고, 출협과 도서관계의 입장을 함께 검토하였다. 아울러 전자책 서비스와 관련된 현행 저작권법의 문제점을 진단하고 개선방향을 모색하였다. 전자책의 대출은 종이책의 경우와는 달리 최초판매의 원칙이 적용되지 않기 때문에, 도서관의 전자책 구매 행위만으로 도서관이 적법한 서비스의 권리를 취득하지 못한다. 전자책을 구매하는 과정에서 유통사와 체결한 계약에 근거해서 도서관은 전자책을 서비스할 수 있는 권리를 취득하게 된다. 그러나 배타적 발행권의 유효 기간이 경과하면, 계약 자체의 효력이 사라진다는 점에서 도서관 서비스의 안정성과 자료 보존에 심각한 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서는 최초판매원칙을 디지털 저작물에 대해서도 확대 적용할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.117-135
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• 2004

본 연구는 공정이용, 최초판매의 원칙을 중심으로 전자저널의 도서관 상호이용과 관련한 문제점을 고찰하고, 현행 전자저널 라이선스상의 관련 조항을 분석함으로써 향후 도서관상호이용과 관련한 도서관의 대응방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 전자저널에 대한 도서관 상호이용 형태 파악을 위해 국내 현행 라이선스 계약 조항과 국외의 대표적인 라이선스 계약모델의 관련 조항을 분석하였다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.199-224
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• 2023

이 연구는 도서관의 전자책 서비스가 지속되기 위한 전제 조건으로서, 전자책 라이선스의 합리적인 개선방안을 마련하기 위한 것이다. 전자책 라이선스를 둘러싸고 벌어지는 국내 도서관과 출판계의 첨예한 갈등을 이해하고, 이를 바탕으로 그 해결방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 전자책 대출 라이선스가 가지는 법적인 의미를 분석한다. 출판계와 도서관이 갈등을 빚는 근본적인 원인을 전자책의 특성을 함께 다루었다. 아울러 전자책 라이선스의 다양한 유형을 정리하고 우리나라를 비롯한 세계 주요 국가들(미국, 독일, 프랑스, 일본)의 도서관 전자책 라이선스 현황과 갈등의 양상을 파악하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내의 문제를 해결하는 데 도움이 될 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.129-150
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• 2003

Software license agreements, to be useful in the mass market, could not be individually negotiated, and had to be standardized and concise. The software license agreement needs to be presented to the licensee-users in a fashion that would allow for mass distribution of software, also for it to enforceable, that would draw the users' attention to the terms and conditions under which the publisher allowed the use of the software. These needs have been accomplished, with or without fail, through so called the "shrink-wrap licenses" Shrink-wrap licenses purpose to transfer computer softwares to their users by defining the terms and conditions of use of the software without implicating the "first sale doctrine" of the Copyright Act. These shrink-wrap licenses have become essential to the software industry. However, in USA, the law applicable to these licenses has been unclear and unsettled. Courts have struggled to develop a coherent framework governing their enforceability. Meanwhile, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws ("NCCUSL") in USA promulgated the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act ("UCITA") governing contracts for computer information transaction on July 29, 1999. One clear objective of UCITA was to settle the law governing the enforceability of shrink-wrap licenses. In these respects, this paper first introduces the various forms that shrink-wrap licenses take(at Part II. Section 1.), and explains the main advantages of them(at Part II. Section 2.) Here it shows how shrink-wrap licenses value themselves for both software publishers and users, including that shrink-wrap licenses are a valuable contracting tool because they provide vital information and rights to software users and because they permit the contracting flexibility that is essential for today's software products. Next, this paper describes the current legal framework applicable to shrink-wrap licenses in USA(at Part III). Here it shows that in USA the development of case law governing shrink-wrap licenses occurred in two distinct stages. At first stage, judicial hostility toward shrink-wrap licenses marked such that they were not enforced pursuant to Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code. At second stage, courts began to recognize the pervasiveness of shrink-wrap licenses, their indispensability to the rapidly expanding information technology industry, and the urgent need to enforce such licenses in order to maintain low prices for consumers of computer hardware or software, resulting in the recognition of shrink-wrap licenses. Finally, in view of the importance of UCITA, this paper examines how it will affect the enforceability of shrink-wrap licenses(at Part IV). The drafters of UCITA, as well as the scholars and practitioners who have criticized it, agree that it validates shrink-wrap licenses, provided certain procedural protections are afforded to purchasers. These procedural protections include the licensee end-user must (i) manifest his assent to the shrink-wrap license, (ii) have an opportunity to review the shrink-wrap license, (iii) have a right to return the product without costs.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.133-160
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• 2009

In International trade the buyer and seller are normally separated from on another not only by distance but also by differences in language and culture. It is rarely possible for the performance of obligations to be simultaneous and the performance of contracts therefore calls for trust in a situation in which the parties are unlikely to feel able to trust each other unless they have a longstanding and successful relationship. Thus the seller under an international contract of sale will not wish to surrender documents of title to goods to the buyer until he has at least an assurance of payment, and no buyer will wish to pay for goods until he has received them. A gap of distrust thus exists which is often bridged by the undertaking of an intermediary known and trusted by both parties who will undertake on his own liability to pay the seller the contract price in return for the documents of title and then pass the documents to the buyer in return for the reimbursement. This is a common explanation of the theory behind the documentary letter of credit in which the undertaking of a bank of international repute serves as a "guarantee" to each party that the other will perform his obligations. The independence principle, also referred to as the "autonomy principle", is at the core of letter of credit or bank guarantee law. This principle provides that the letter of credit or bank guarantee is independent of the underlying contractual commitment - that is, the transaction that the credit is intented to secure - between the applicant and the beneficiary ; the credit is also independent of the relationship between the bank and its customer, the applicant. The most important exception to the independence principle is the doctrine of fraud in the transaction. A strict interpretation of the rule that the guarantee is independent of the underlying transaction would lead to the conclusion that neither fraud nor manifest abuse of rights by the beneficiary would constitute an objection to payment. There is one major problem related to "Independent guarantees", namely abusive or unfair callings. The beneficiary may make an unfair calling under the guarantee. The countermeasure of beneficiary's unfair calling divided three cases. First, advance countermeasure namely by contract. In other words, when the formation of the contract, the parties must insert the Force Majeure Clause, Arbitration Clause to Contract, and clear statement to the condition for demand calling. Second, post countermeasure namely by court. Many countries, including the United States, authorize the courts to grant an order enjoining the issuer from paying or enjoining the beneficiary from receiving payment under the guaranty letter. Third, Export Insurance. For example, the Export Credit Guarantees Department is prepared, subject to certain conditions, to cover the risk of unfair calling. Of course, KEIC in Korea is cover the risk of the all things for guarantees. On international projects, contractor performance is usually guaranteed by either a standby letters of credit or Independent guarantee. These instruments will be care the parties.