• Title/Summary/Keyword: Flammulina velutipes

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Occurrence of Disease Caused by Cladobotryum varium on Flammulina velutipes in Korea (Cladobotryum varium에 의한 팽이버섯 흰곰팡이병(가칭) 발생)

  • Kim, Han-Kyoung;Seok, Soon-Ja;Kim, Gwang-Po;Moon, Byung-Ju;Terashita, Takao
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.27 no.6 s.93
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    • pp.415-419
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    • 1999
  • Cladobotryum varium infects the fruitbody of Flammulina velutipes during its cultivation. In the early stage of infection, white mycelia of C. varium partially attacked young fruitbody and eventually killed whole fruitbody during fruitbodies development. White fungi pathogen isolated from F. velutipes cultivation farm were investigated in pathogenicity and morphological feautres. The pathogen was identified as Cladobotryum varium. In asexual stage, $2{\sim}4$ conidiophores formed, $8.5{\sim}10.0{\times}16.1{\sim}17.0\;{\mu}m$ long and conidiospores with single septum were shaped in chains, $32.8{\sim}50.4\;{\mu}m$ in size. Size of chlamydospores were $12.7{\sim}18.0{\times}17.7{\times}48.1\;{\mu}m$ with $1{\sim}4$ septa.

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Studies on the Inheritance of fruitbody color in Flammulina velutipes (팽이버섯 자실체 색택의 유전연구)

  • Byun, Myung-Ok;Kong, Won-Sik;Kim, Young-Ho;You, Chang-Hyun;Cha, Dong-Yeul;Lee, Du-Hyung
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.24 no.4 s.79
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 1996
  • Esterase isozyme band patterns were compared between the wild strain and commercial strain of Flammulina velutipes. Monospores were isolated from wild strain. ASI4019 and their mating types were determined. We investigated the relationship between pigmentation on the plate and fruitbody color to understand genetic relationship among F. velutipes strains. Dikaryotic strains mated between nonpigmenting strains produced white fruitbodies. However dikaryon obtained from mating between nonpigmenting monokaryon and brown pigmenting monokaryon produced brown fruitbody as the dikaryon obtained from mating of brown pigmenting monokaryons. The white fruitbody from wild strain was distinguished from that of commercial strain. When the nonpigmenting wild monokaryon was mated with commercial monokaryon, pale brown mushroom was produced. The BC1F1 was obtained by mating the above mentioned $F_1$ with commercial monokaryon. Fruitbody color of BC1F1 shared two types; one strain with all pale brown fruitbodies, and the other strain with separated eight pale brown and two mixed type involving pale brown and white fruitbodies.

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Breeding on a new cultivar of golden Flammulina velutipes 'Auram' (황금색 팽이 신품종 '아람' 육성)

  • Im, Ji-Hoon;Jang, Kab-Yeul;Oh, Youn-Lee;Oh, MinJi;Raman, Jegadeesh;Kong, Won-Sik
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.218-223
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    • 2019
  • Flammulina velutipes, known as winter mushroom or Enokitake, is an important edible mushroom in Korea. In 2017, approximately 28,000 tons of this mushroom were produced in Korea, putting its output at the third place, behind the oyster and king oyster mushrooms. Despite its high production, F. velutipes has the lowest distribution rate of domestic cultivars, estimated to be about 28 percent. To increase the income of farms and provide more options to consumers, we developed a new golden domestic cultivar 'Auram'. 'Auram' was bred by mating two monokaryotic strains isolated from ASI 4103 and ASI 4111. Auram has bright golden, hemispheric shaped caps, and light brown stipes, making it strikingly different from the control. The optimum mycelial growth temperature was 25℃, but Auram mostly displayed higher mycelial growth than the control in a wide range of temperatures. The yield of Auram (257.4 ± 13.5 g) was high, and the period of fruit body growth was also a couple of days ahead in bottle cultivation, compared with the control. Auram received a more favorable evaluation from farms and distributors than the control for its appearance, because the fruit body of Auram had an attractive golden color, and the spotted cap often seen in the control was not observed.

Breeding a new variety of the white winter mushroom, Flammulina velutipes 'Baekwoon' (흰색 팽이버섯 신품종 '백운' 육성)

  • Ji-Hoon Im;Minji Oh;Minseek Kim;Youn-Lee Oh
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.241-246
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    • 2023
  • Flammulina velutipesis a popular edible mushroom in South Korea, accounting for approximately 30% of the total mushroom export in the country. Despite its significant position in the domestic mushroom industry, approximately 65% of the cultivated F. velutipes are foreign varieties. To secure variety rights and enhance competitiveness in the export market, there is a need to develop domestic varieties with stable production and excellent shelf life. We focused on breeding a new variety called 'Baekwoon' through mon-mon crossing, using 'Baekseung' and an international collection strain (KMCC02260) as parents. Baekwoon exhibited faster mycelial growth rates at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃ and higher mycelial growth across four tested media compared to that of the control variety. Under bottle cultivation, Baekwoon had a mycelial cultivation period that was shorter by approximately 2 days compared to that of the control. The yield of Baekwoon was 228.0±10.9 g, 8.3% more than that of the control. Furthermore, Baekwoon displayed distinct morphological features characterized by a larger pileus and thicker stipe compared to that of the control variety. Genetic tests confirmed that Baekwoon is genetically different from both parental strains and the control variety. It is expected that the newly developed F. velutipes variety, Baekwoon, will be evaluated for its adaptation in different regions and actively promoted in the field, ultimately increasing the market share of domestic varieties.

Studies of Molecular Breeding Technique Using Genome Information on Edible Mushrooms

  • Kong, Won-Sik;Woo, Sung-I;Jang, Kab-Yeul;Shin, Pyung-Gyun;Oh, Youn-Lee;Kim, Eun-sun;Oh, Min-Jee;Park, Young-Jin;Lee, Chang-Soo;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.53-53
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    • 2015
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation(ATMT) of Flammulina velutipes was used to produce a diverse number of transformants to discover the functions of gene that is vital for its variation color, spore pattern and cellulolytic activity. Futhermore, the transformant pool will be used as a good genetic resource for studying gene functions. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was conducted in order to generate intentional mutants of F. velutipes strain KACC42777. Then Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-1 harboring pBGgHg was transformed into F. velutipes. This method is use to determine the functional gene of F. velutipes. Inverse PCR was used to insert T-DNA into the tagged chromosomal DNA segments and conducting sequence analysis of the F. velutipes. But this experiment had trouble in diverse morphological mutants because of dikaryotic nature of mushroom. It needed to make monokaryotic fruiting varients which introduced genes of compatible mating types. In this study, next generation sequencing data was generated from 28 strains of Flammulina velutipes with different phenotypes using Illumina Hiseq platform. Filtered short reads were initially aligned to the reference genome (KACC42780) to construct a SNP matrix. And then we built a phylogenetic tree based on the validated SNPs. The inferred tree represented that white- and brown- fruitbody forming strains were generally separated although three brown strains, 4103, 4028, and 4195, were grouped with white ones. This topological relationship was consistently reappeared even when we used randomly selected SNPs. Group I containing 4062, 4148, and 4195 strains and group II containing 4188, 4190, and 4194 strains formed early-divergent lineages with robust nodal supports, suggesting that they are independent groups from the members in main clades. To elucidate the distinction between white-fruitbody forming strains isolated from Korea and Japan, phylogenetic analysis was performed using their SNP data with group I members as outgroup. However, no significant genetic variation was noticed in this study. A total of 28 strains of Flammulina velutipes were analyzed to identify the genomic regions responsible for producing white-fruiting body. NGS data was yielded by using Illumina Hiseq platform. Short reads were filtered by quality score and read length were mapped on the reference genome (KACC42780). Between the white- and brown fruitbody forming strains. There is a high possibility that SNPs can be detected among the white strains as homozygous because white phenotype is recessive in F. velutipes. Thus, we constructed SNP matrix within 8 white strains. SNPs discovered between mono3 and mono19, the parental monokaryotic strains of 4210 strain (white), were excluded from the candidate. If the genotypes of SNPs detected between white and brown strains were identical with those in mono3 and mono19 strains, they were included in candidate as a priority. As a result, if more than 5 candidates SNPs were localized in single gene, we regarded as they are possibly related to the white color. In F. velutipes genome, chr01, chr04, chr07,chr11 regions were identified to be associated with white fruitbody forming. White and Brown Fruitbody strains can be used as an identification marker for F. veluipes. We can develop some molecular markers to identify colored strains and discriminate national white varieties against Japanese ones.

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Genetic Variation in Flammulina velutipes (팽이버섯의 유전적 변이)

  • Kim, Jong-Bong;Jeong, Ja-In
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.10
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    • pp.1434-1442
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    • 2011
  • A genetic variation within 29 strains of F. velutipes was analyzed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Seven hundred and twenty base pairs were sequenced during the analysis of the ITS region, but no significant variation was observed among the 29 strains of F. velutipes. Sixteen out of 40 random primers amplified polymorphic RAPD fragment patterns. The polymorphic levels of RAPD bands by some primers (OPA-2,4,3,9,10,20) were very high in all 29 strains, with 3,030 fragments ranging between 200 and 2,000 bp. Intraspecific genetic dissimilarity of the 29 strains was calculated to range from 3.3% to 45% by Nei-Li's method using these 3,030 RAPD bands. The genetic variation among Korean strains was relatively high, with dissimilarities ranging between 17% and 38.6%. In the Neighbor-Joining analysis using the genetic dissimilarities based on RAPD, all 29 strains were classified into 5 clusters. Strains in each cluster showed specific characteristics according to their origin and strains. These results suggested that OPA and OPB primers could be used for developing molecular genetic markers and screening of unidentified (F. velutipes) strains.

Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented spent mushroom substrates of the winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) on growth performance, carcass traits, and economic characteristics of Hanwoo steers (발효 팽이버섯 수확후배지의 급여 수준이 한우 거세우의 비육과 도체성적 및 경제성 분석에 미치는 영향)

  • Moon, Yea-Hwang;Cho, Woong-Ki;Kim, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Ji-Eun;Kim, Bo-Ram;Kim, Hye-Soo;Cho, Soo-Jeong
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented spent mushroom substrates (F-SMS) of Flammulina velutipes on growth performance, carcass traits, and economic characteristics of Hanwoo steers. A yeast strain (Saccharomyces sp. UJ14) and Bacillus strain (Bacillus sp. UJ03) isolated from fresh spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes were used as probiotics to prepare F-SMS. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (14 months old) were allocated to three dietary treatments via a randomized block design and were slaughtered at 30 months of age. These treatment groups included Control (TMR), T1 (TMR containing 10% of F-SMS) group, and T2 (TMR containing 30% of F-SMS). Body weight gain was not influenced by the experimental diets. DM and TDN intakes in the finishing period were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T1 than in other groups. CP intake was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T2 than in other groups during the whole experimental period. Among carcass traits, rib-eye area and back fat thickness tended to increase with F-SMS supplementation. The appearance rate (%) of a meat yield more than grade A was the highest in group T1. The net profits increased by 1.2% and 13.3% in groups T1 and T2, respectively. In conclusion, if a proper feeding program (including feed safety) can be ensured, spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes can prove to be a highly profitable feed source for Hanwoo steers.

Electrophoretic karyotype of Flammulina velutipes and its variation among cultivars (팽이버섯의 핵형분석과 균주 사이의 핵형 다양성)

  • Lee, Song Hee;Lee, Mi-Kyoung;Kim, Na-Ri;Lee, Chang-Yun;Lee, Hyun-Sook
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.63-66
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    • 2014
  • The karyotype of F. velutipes Korean cultivar, Fv 3-6, was compared with those of Japanese cultivars, Fv 0-1, Fv 1-5, Fv 11-1, by CHEF gel electrophoresis. The Korean cultivar, Fv 3-6, showed the difference from the three Japanese cultivars in number and size of chromosomes; the Fv 3-6 had two and one more chromosomes then Fv 0-1 and Fv 11-4, and Fv 1-5 had, respectively. The karyotyping by CHEF gel electrophoresis is quite suitable to define new Korean cultivars against Japanese cultivars.

Effects of ergothioneine-enriched mushroom extract on oxidative stability, volatile compounds and sensory quality of emulsified sausage

  • Tao, Ye;Xiao, Shan;Cai, Jiaming;Wang, Jihui;Li, Lin
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.34 no.10
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    • pp.1695-1704
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    • 2021
  • Objective: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of ergothioneine (ESH)-enriched mushroom extract on oxidative stability, volatile compounds, and sensory quality of emulsified sausage. Methods: The ESH content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) extract was determined through radical-scavenging activity of 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and hydroxyl radicals. Four different groups of emulsified sausage were manufactured: control, no antioxidants; BHA, 0.01% butylated hydroxyanisole; EEME, 0.8% ESH-enriched mushroom (F. velutipes) extract; AE, 0.012% authentic ESH, after storage for 14 days (at 4℃), the quality of sausage including oxidative stability (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls content), volatile compounds and sensory quality were studied. Results: It was demonstrated that adding ESH-enriched F. velutipes extract to sausage could effectively prevent lipid and protein oxidation, and its efficacy was equivalent with 0.01% BHA. During meat processing, the ESH mainly contributed to the antioxidative activity of F. velutipes extract. The flavor and sensory attributes of emulsified sausage were improved through adding ESH-enriched F. velutipes extract. Conclusion: Accordingly, the extract of F. velutipes contained high-level of ESH and could be a good antioxidant candidate for processed meat production.

Effects of Using Cold Water on Mixing Sawdust Media for Flammulina velutipes (고온기 팽이버섯 병재배 배지제조시 저온수 이용 효과)

  • Cheong, Jong-Chun;Jhune, Chang-Sung;Kim, Seung-Hwan;Won, Hang-Yeon;Kwon, Jae-Geon
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.140-144
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to verify the cause of suppression symptom in mycelial growth during summer and to be able to establish a countermeasure. Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes was experimented with varying elapsed time of 0, 3, 6, 9 hours after mixing the sawdust media and two kinds of water temperature (normal water, $24^{\circ}C$ and cold water, $6^{\circ}C$) for mixing sawdust media. There were trends of increased media temperature from $24^{\circ}C$ to $31^{\circ}C$ and decreased pH from 6.5 to 5.2~5.6 with varying elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. Bacterial density also increased with bacterial density in Medium $24^{\circ}C$ being 1.9~4.1 times higher than that in Medium 6. Growth of F. velutipes was delayed with dual culture of bacteria isolated from sawdust media. Total nitrogen content of sawdust media was lowered by elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. The use of normal water($24^{\circ}C$) delayed mushroom growth by 1~2 days compared with that of cold water($6^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, mycelial growth of F. velutipes in the bottle cultivation ceased 9 hours after mixing the media. Primordia formation of F. velutipes was delayed by 1~3 days by elapsed time after mixing sawdust media, while fruit-body yield decreased by 7~12% 6 hours after mixing the media. Fruit-body yield was more stabilized with the use of cold water($6^{\circ}C$) than with that of normal water($24^{\circ}C$). Results showed that it is effective to use cold water as low as $6^{\circ}C$ in mixing media for F. velutipes cultivation, especially during summer when environmental temperature is high, high pressure sterilization after bottling work can prevent bacterial propagation in the media and can stabilize media ingredient.

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