• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.622-629
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• 2018

Expansins are cell wall proteins that mediate cell wall loosening and promote specific tissue and organ morphogenesis in plants and in some microorganisms. Unlike plant expansins, the biological functions of fungal expansin-like proteins have rarely been discussed. In the present study, an expansin-like protein-encoding fvexpl1 gene, was identified from Flammulina velutipes by using local BLAST. It consisted of five exons with a total length of 822 bp. The deduced protein FVEXPL1 contained 274 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of 28,589 Da and pH 4.93, respectively. The first 19 amino acids from the N terminal are the signal peptide. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple protein alignment indicated FVEXPL1 was an expansin-like protein. The expression level of fvexpl1 gene in the stipe was significantly higher than that in the mycelia, primordia, and cap. However, the expression level of fvexpl1 gene was significantly higher in the fast elongation region of the stipe as compared with the slow elongation region. Expression analysis indicated that fvexpl1 gene might have an auxiliary role in the stipe morphogenesis of F. velutipes.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2019

Two new SAM-dependent methyltransferase encoding genes (fvsmt1 and fvsmt2) were identified from the genome of Flammulina velutipes. In order to make a comprehensive characterization of both genes, we performed in silico analysis of both genes and used qRT-PCR to reveal their expression patterns during the development of F. velutipes. There are 4 and 6 exons with total length of 693 and 978 bp in fvsmt2 and fvsmt1, respectively. The deduced proteins, i.e., FVSMT1 and FVSMT2 contained 325 and 230 amino acids with molecular weight 36297 and 24894 Da, respectively. Both proteins contained a SAM-dependent catalytic domain with signature motifs (I, p-I, II, and III) defining the SAM fold. SAM-dependent catalytic domain is located either in the middle or at the N-terminal of FVSMT2 and FVSMT1, respectively. Alignment and phylogenic analysis showed that FVSMT1 is a homolog to a protein-arginine omega-N-methyltransferase, while FVSMT2 is of cinnamoyl CoA O-methyltransferase type and predicted subcellular locations of these proteins are mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively. qRT-PCR showed that fvsmt1 and fvsmt2 expression was regulated in different developmental stages. The maximum expression levels of fvsmt1 and fvsmt2 were observed in stipe elongation, while no difference was found in mycelium and pileus. These results positively demonstrate that both the methyltransferase encoding genes are involved in the stipe elongation of F. velutipes.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was tested to the mycelium culture of Flamulina velutipes which is very popular as an edible mushroom in Korea. Particularly, aluminum oxide particles were used to generate wounds in F. velutipes mycelia via vigorous shaking prior to agro-infiltration. The result showed that transformants resistant to hygromycin could be obtained only from the mycelia with physical wounds. Gene transfer was verified by genomic DNA PCR. This study suggested a convenient tool to improve Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of F. velutipes.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.240.1-240
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 1987

Neohaplonts were obtained to improve mushroom strain from dikaryon strains of Flammulina Velutips, Ganoderma lucidum, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Pleurotus cornucopiae and Pleurotus spodoleucus by protoplast reversion. The noehaplont frequency from reversion colonies of protoplasts was 4.47-47.7%. Four more types of morphological characteristics were detected from neohaplonts of protoplast reversion in L. ulmarium, P. cornucopiae and P. spodoleucus, but one or two types were neohaplonts in F.velutipes and G. lucidum. Growth rate of neohaplonts was slow compared with dikaryon strains.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2016

The mannanase-producing bacteria, designated YJ17, was isolated from spent mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) substrates. The isolate YJ17 was a facultative anaerobic and was grown at temperatures ranging from $20^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ with an optimal temperature of $40^{\circ}C$. The DNA G+C content of the YJ17 was 44 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-15:0 (38.9%), 17:0 (7.6%), and iso-15:0 (36.5%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate YJ17 and other Bacillus strains was from 98% to 99%. In the phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences, the isolate YJ17 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens clustered within a group together and separated from other species of Bacillus. Based on the physiological and molecular properties, the isolate YJ17 was classified within the genus Bacillus as B. amyloliquefaciens YJ17. The optimal pH and temperature for mannanase activity of B. amyloliquefaciens YJ17 were pH 7.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.180-183
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• 2007

Cytoprotective ability of polysaccharides isolated from different edible mushrooms was investigated on the 7-ketocholesterol-induced damaged cell line. Polysaccharide extracts from six different edible mushrooms-Flammulina velutipes, Peurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Agrocybe aegerita, Agaricus blazei, and Cordyceps militaris- were prepared by hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Cytoprotective ability was evaluated by measuring the viable cells of the normal embryonic liver cell line (BNL CL. 2) in the presence of 7-ketocholesterol. At $80\;{\mu}g/mL$ of 7-ketocholesterol, cytotoxicity was very high with a loss of 98% of viable cells after 20 h of incubation. With the addition of $200\;{\mu}g/mL$ of each polysaccharide isolate to the cell line containing $80\;{\mu}g/mL$ of 7-ketocholesterol, polysaccharide isolates from both Flammulina velutipes and Peurotus ostreatus could significantly inhibit the 7-ketochoelsterol-induced cytotoxicity in the cells. But other polysaccharide isolates were not effective in inhibiting cell damage caused by the oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2001

The concentrations of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid in some Korean plants and mushrooms were investigated. ${\gamma}$-amino-butyric acid concentrations in Morus alba leaves, Cudrania tricuspidate leaves and fruits were 134.03, 104.13 and 120.99 mg/100g dry matter basis, respectively, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid concentrations in Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Auricularia auricula were 93.44, 72.17 and 66.48 mg/100g dry matter basis. respectivley.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of adding Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Flammulina velutipes on the quality characteristics of cookies and multiple purposes of wheat powders. The water content, crude protein content, mineral content, color value and sensory evaluation of mushroom cookies and multiple purposes of wheat powders were measured. In the case of cookies, the water content was 1.10-1.24% and crude protein content was 8.20-9.80%. General preferences, such as appearance, color, taste and texture, increased when mushroom was added to the cookies, especially flavor, which showed a much higher preference. In the studies where mushroom was added to wheat powders, the water content was 0.57-0.92% and crude protein content was 11.90-12.80%. The addition of mushroom to both of the cookies and multiple purposes of wheat powders resulted in a remarkable increase in the mineral content, especially Fe, K. In addition, an increase in the amount of added mushrooms resulted in an increase in the hunter L and a values; however, this also resulted in a decrease in the b value.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 1981

Effects of vitamins and inorganic salts on the mycelial growth and fruit-body formation of Flammulina velutipes were investigated. Thiamine was most effective on the mycelial growth and fruit-body formation, and its optimum concentration was$50{\mu}g%$. The mycelial growth and fruit-body formation were enhanced by the addition of $KH_{2}PO_{4}\:and\:MgSO_{4}$ at the concentration of 0.2 and 0.02% respectively, but other inorganic salts were ineffective for mycelial growth and fruit-body formation.