• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 1998

Optimal feeding strategies in bioreactor operation of Scutellaria baicalensis G. plant cell culture were investigated to maximize the production of flavone glycosides by using a structured kinetic model which can predict culture growth and flavone glycosides synthesis in a rigorous, quantitative manner. For the production of baicalin and wogonin-7-0-GA, the strategies for glucose feeding into Scutellaria baicalensis G. plant cell culture were proposed based on the model, which are a periodic fed-batch operation with maintenance of cell viability and of specific production rate respectively, and a perfusion operation with maintenance of specific production rate for baicalin and wogonin-7-0-GA. Simulation results showed that the highest volumetric concentration of flavone glycosides was obtained in a periodic fed-batch operation with maintenance of cell viability among all the suggested strategies. In the periodic fed-batch operations, the higher volumetric production of flavone glycosides was achieved compared with that in the perfusion operation. It can be concluded that a periodic fed-batch operation with maintenance of cell viability would be the optimal and practical operating strategy of Scutellaris baicalensis G. plant cell culture for the production of flavone glycosides.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

A structured kinetic model is proposed to describe cell growth and secondary metabolite, flavone glycosides, synthesis in batch suspension culture of Scutellaria baicalensis G. The model has been developed by representing the physiological state of cell described as the activity and viability which can be estimated based on the culture fluorescence. In the model, three type of cells are considered; active-viable, nonactive-viable and dead cells. Viable cell weight could be determined based on the relative fluorescence intensity. The flavone glycosides could be produced by both active-viable and non-active viable cells with a different production rate. And the model includes the cell expansion due to glucose concentration and death phase which accounts for the release of intracellular secondary metabolite into medium. Dependent variables include substrate concentration(glucose), cell mass(dry cell weight and fresh cell weight), product concentration(flavone glycosides), activity and viability. Satisfactory agreement between the model and experimental data is obtained from shake flask culture of Scutellaria baicalensis G. The proposed model can predict the cell growth and flavone glycosides synthesis as well as intermediate materials.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

In this work, the amounts of Flavone C-glycosides homoorientin, orientin extracted from Black bamboo by various ultrasonic waves frequency (35, 72, 170 KHz, 300 Watt $\pm$1) time (15, 30, 60 min) and temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) were compared using 50% aqueous ethanol solution. And describesanalysis of the antioxidant potential of Black bamboo using an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on-line $ABTS^+$antioxidant screening method. In conjunction with the analysis of their 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging ability. The optimum operating conditions were experimentally determined to analyze the Flavone C-glycosides homoorientin, orientin in the pretreatment ultrasonic extracts. From the results, the effect on extraction yield of variations in frequency, solvent composition and extraction time was investigated. The highest yield of Black bamboo was obtained by ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 72 KHz and an extraction time of 60 min, The extraction frequency 35 KHz ($25^{\circ}C$), time 30 min was selected as an optimal antioxidant activity condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.906-910
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• 1995

Two flavone glycosides have been obtained from the aerial part of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense Kitamura(Co,positae) in Korea and identified by means of spectral analysis as linarin and cirsimarin. When 10-2mg/ml of cirsimas was added, lipid peroxide formation in the rat liver decreased by 12% compare to control.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.630-637
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• 2016

The chemical components and biological activity of Camellia mistletoe, Korthalsella japonica (Loranthaceae) are relatively unknown compared to other mistletoe species. Therefore, we investigated the phytochemical properties and biological activity of this parasitic plant to provide essential preliminary scientific evidence to support and encourage its further pharmaceutical research and development. The major plant components were chromatographically isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography and their structures were elucidated using tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance anlysis. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the 70% ethanol extract of K. japonica (KJ) and its isolated components was evaluated using a nitric oxide (NO) assay and western blot analysis for inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Three flavone di-C-glycosides, lucenin-2, vicenin-2, and stellarin-2 were identified as major components of KJ, for the first time. KJ significantly inhibited NO production and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$ while similar activity were observed with isolated flavone C-glycosides. In conclusion, KJ has a simple secondary metabolite profiles including flavone di-C-glycosides as major components and has a strong potential for further research and development as a source of therapeutic anti-inflammatory agents.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 1993

Our previous report demonstrated that certain flavonoid aglycones such as apigenin (flavone), quercetin, morin (flavonols), and biochanin A (isoflavone) showed in vivo antiinflammatory activity via topical and oral routes of adminstation. As a continual study, the various flavonoid glycosides have been evaluated in mouse ear edema assay using archidonic acid or croton-oil as a inflammagen. Flavonoids were orally administered (2 mg/mouse) and ear edema inhibition was measured. Significant antiinflammatory activities were found esepcially in flavone and flavonol glycosides (15-29% inhibition) although the flavonoid derivatives tested showed less antiinflammatory activity than hydrocortisone or indomethacin. Chalcone and flavanone derivatives were not significantly active. And in general, flavonol glycosides of kaempferol-type were found to have a higher oral antiinflammatory activity than that of flavonol glycosides of quercetin-type in mice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.224-227
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• 2000

As part of study of the constituents of bamboo grasses, the leaves of Sasa borealis (Hackel) Makino (Gramineae) were examined. Friedelin, glutinol, isoorientin and isovitexin have been reported as constituents of bamboo grasses. In this study, tricin and two flavone glycosides, tricin $7-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ and luteolin $6-C-{\alpha}-L-arabinopyranoside$ have been isolated from EtOAc extract of S. borealis, by consecutive silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and a repetitive HPLC. The structures of these compounds were determined by IR, $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;^{13}C-^1H\;COSY,\;^1H-^1H\;COSY,\;HMBC$ and Mass spectral data.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 1995

Two flavone glycosides were isolated from the aerial part of Angelica keiskei Koidz and identified by means of spectral analysis as luteolin-$7-O-{\beta}-{_D}-glucoside$ and Iuteolin-7-O-rutinoside. Intraperitoneal administration of methanolic extract(100mg/kg) and $luteolin-7-O-{\beta}-{_D}-glucoside(5mg/kg)$ isolated from this plant produced a significant hypolipemic activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.640-646
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• 2012

This research was attempted to determine the composition of flavone glycosides (luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, linarin) in addition to luteolin simultaneously in aerial part of Youngia japonica (Compositae) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The MeOH extract was further fractionated into the three parts, $CHCl_3$ fraction, EtOAc fraction and BuOH fraction, to investigate the contents of the four flavones in the three fractions. The content of luteolin 7-O-glucuronide (10.07 mg/g) was highest in the MeOH extract among those of the flavones. These four compounds were observed to be less than 1.0 mg/g in $CHCl_3$- and EtOAc fractions but relatively high in BuOH fraction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.223-225
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• 1989

Linarin and schaftoside were isolated from Melandrium firmum (Caryophyllaceae) and characterized by spectral data.