• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.510-517
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• 1999

For the treatment of Korean food-wastes, three mesophilic and one thermophilic bacteria were isolated from soil and fermented fertilizers. The thermophilic Streptomyces sp. strain WF021 produced two enzymes which were a protease and a lipase at 55$^{\circ}C$. The mesophilic Bacillus sp. strain WF024 produced four enzymes which were a protease, a lipase, a amylase and a cellulase when the strain was grown both at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. The Bacillus sp. PY123 had produced three enzymes which were a protease, a cellulase and a lipase at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The Bacillus sp. strain CM1 produced three enzymes which were a protease, a amylase, and a cellulase at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The bacteria were grown in media containing 6% NaCl at least and did not have antagonism each other. The four isolates treated much more food-wastes than referance strains did. In a flask without aeration, three reference strains treated 15.4% of food-wastes, while four isolates treated 23.7% of food-wastes. In a flask with aeration, food-wastes were treated 67.3% by four isolates, and 64.3% by three reference strains, but 53.9% without bacteria. However, food-wastes were treated about 78% in a 200$\ell$-reactor made by Siwon Co., while 65.8% in a 20$\ell$-reactor made by Sanyo Co.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-62
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• 2005

The effects of the processing mixture of food wastes and various organic wastes when vermicomposted on earthworm(Eisenia foefida) growth, the cast production amounts and the chemical properties of casts were evaluated. The substrates used in this experiments were cow manure, pig manure sludge, fermented pig manure with sawdust, nightsoil sludge, and sewage sludge and were respectively mixed with food wastes at a ratios of 50:50(v/v). The control consisted of food wastes alone without other wastes. All of earthworm died in the food wastes 100%, therefore the process of food wastes alone by vermicomposting was impossible in this experiment. Worm cast produced sufficiently contained quantities of available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium, and cation exchange capacity. The increase of earthworm's biomass occured on the mixtures of food wastes and cow manure, fermented pig manure with sawdust. Dry weight of worm cast was the highest on the mixtures of food wastes and fermented pig manure with sawdust and the proportion of cast weight after vermicomposting was significantly the highest on the mixtures of food wastes and cow manure($p{\leq}0.05$). Also, the mixtures of food wastes and cow manure, and fermented pig manure with sawdust showed a positive values of conversion rate and conversion efficiency rate of organic matter to earthworm tissue than that of other treatments. These results suggested that cow manure and fermented pig manure with sawdust are adequate to process with food wastes by vermicomposting.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose an application of RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tag to food wastes disposal system of Cheongju city. The existing system of Cheongju city is monthly fixed amount levy system. The weak point of this system must pay a same commission in spite of each other different food wastes quantity. Also the accurate occurrence quantity of the food wastes and present condition grasp of control are impossible. It will not be able to reflect to a policy decision because does not manage the control of the food waste efficiently. On the other hand, when a food wastes measuring system using RFID is executed tag, it will manage and analyze automatically the obtained data. And collecting, transporting and handling of the food wastes come to be very easy. Also the reproduction and embezzlement of the tag are impossible. As a result of this system, it brings the decrement of the food waste. Therefore the economic effect could be come true and the food wastes is controlled environment-friendly. The food wastes disposal system using RFID tag will be able to contribute in u-city constructions with RFID/USN technology which pursues from the government.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2002

This study was performed to examine the effects of rice straw as bulking materials on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction, porosity, C/N ratio, salinity, and conductivity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Volume ratios of food wastes to rice straw in reactor control, RS-1, RS-2, RS-2 and RS-4 were 4:0, 4:1. 4:2. 4:3 and 4:4, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24days with 1 hour stirring by lrpm and 2hours aeration per day. The values of pH of food wastes and rice straw were 4.39 and 7.4, respectively. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to rice straw resulted in the high reaction temperature and the fast weight and volume reduction rates. C/N ratio in control was larger than that in rice straw containing reactors. Salinity and conductivity in reactors were condensed and increased by reaction days.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2001

Large amounts of poultry processing wastes including blood, feathers, offal, bones and manure are produced annually from the poultry industry. Over the past years, these products have been wasted and now there is a need for the treatment of these processing wastes. These processing wastes could be either discarded, a rather expensive option considering the cost of sewage disposal, or processed into animal feed or food for human consumption. This paper mainly deals with the various methods through which the different poultry processing wastes have been further processed and/or utilized for human flood or animal consumption. This paper also reviews steps involved in general poultry processing.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.197-220
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• 1998

This study is conducted to examine the ways to reduce the garbage amount by effective recycling food wastes in the cooking. The data is collected from 864 housewives who live in Seoul/Sungnam/Choongju by using questionnaires from 24 November 1997 to 5 January 1998. The results are as follows; The level of their needs of reusing food wastes in the cooking is high but the level of their participation and its satisfaction to reuse housewives is low. Especially they take part in reusing the garbage in pre-treatment less than edibile plate wastes. These factors result from lacking of their consciousness and knowledge of methods to reuse food wastes. Therefore it is said that consumer should make an effort themselves to participate in reusing food waste researcher should search the way to efficiently reuse the food waste and government should found the policy to provide information and education program for reusing food waste. The more seriously they perceive food waste reuse the mo e they want the way to accelerate food waste reuse by consumer researcher and government.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.263-270
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the temple wastes and suggest the waste management guidelines for temples in natural parks. Study results revealed four important findings. First, it was found that the average quantity of the total temple wastes was 85,786g/day which was composed of general wastes(44,617g/day), food wastes(20,292g/day), recycling wastes(20.825g/day), and buddhist service wastes(60g/day). The average generation per capita of the temple wastes was 1,511g/capita day and the average bulk density was 0.102kg/l. Second, the food scrap was of small quantity(72.5g/day) because the traditional buddhist eating method, "Baru meal(鉢盂供養)" prohibits food abuse. This amount is very little compared to that produced in the general household in Korea. Third, the average quantity of the buddhist service wastes was 300-1,650g/one time. This wastes occupied 0.07% of the total temple wastes. Fourth, the average waste generated by visitors was 182.8g/person, which occupied 87.1% of the total temple wastes and costed 52,100,000 Wons to treat.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.130-138
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• 2004

Food wastes with different regional origins were mixed with bulking agent such as paper mill sludge or night soil, and aged for 21 days or 28 days. And aged food wastes were fed to the earthworm(tiger worm, Eisenia fetida) for 60 days. There were no significant physico-chemical differences among the food wastes with different regional origins. EC values and NaCl concentrations in food wastes were too high for earthworms to survive. Food wastes mixed with paper mill sludge were vermicomposted more efficiently than food wastes mixed with night soil, but the over-all vermicomposting rates on the food wastes were much lower than that on paper mill sludge because EC values and NaCl concentrations were still high for earthworm to compost the feeds. Earthworm population did not increase its biomass on the food wastes mixed with paper mill sludge or night soil, whereas earthworm population fed with paper mill sludge increased its biomass by 20% for 60 days. It could be concluded that a solution for reducing NaCl concentrations in food waste should be developed to vermicompost food waste.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2010

Characteristics of household wastes production from fishing village in small island was investigated. Investigation was conducted in August and December to represent seasonal characteristics of summer and winter, respectively. Amount of household wastes production was 0.65 kg/capita·day and this is relatively low value compared with nationwide average. Food wastes, papers, vinyl and plastics are major part of combustible portion in household wastes. Composting is inappropriate method as a final disposal method in terms of C/N ratio calculated from elemental analysis. It is recommended that incineration can be appropriate way as a final disposal method of household wastes because low heating value of household wastes is equivalent to that of crude oil. The fraction of food wastes in household is considerably higher than the values obtained from other residential areas in nationwide. Thus, it is evaluated that household composting devices and vermicomposting facilities are necessary to reduce the amount of food wastes. It also can be evaluated that incineration is optimal method as disposal method of household wastes from fishing village except food wastes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2005

After the introduction of Volume-based Waste Fee System for municipal wastes, the disposal of food wastes became an issue an issue in society. Concerted efforts among government agencies have been made to manage food wastes separately from municipal wastes. For example, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare established the '5-year('98-'02) Basic Plan for Recycling Food Wastes' in September 1998. Also changes in the waste disposal system has been sought, aiming at the Resource-circulating Society.