• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1994 no.05
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• pp.88-91
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• 1994

We develope a assistant system of foot pressure distribution for improvement gait Pattern, adapted working speed, and minimitation of muscle fatigue of the sensory feedback type FES system(SEFES). This measurement system consist of mat type pressure sensor with piezo electric films. The pressure data signal multiflexed input scanning method processed A/D conversion after two step amplify and integrate. Matrix sensor interface to PC for pseudo color display by level of Pressure distribution data. This measurement system clinically evaluated in hemiplegic patients. It has produced acceptable results with optimal location of the food sensor's pressure point and avoid the muscle fatigue.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.73-88
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to further the empirical evidence regarding exercise as an effective alternative to surgery for treating patients with low to moderate hallux valgus. Method: A total of 20 students with low to moderate hallux valgus participated in this study for six weeks. Participants were selected according to foot-print. All participants exercised using a combination of Elastic-band and Short Foot Exercises twice a week for thirty minutes each time. Measurements were taken at week 0 and week 6 for plantar foot pressure, toe angle and balance. The data was processed using a paird t-test. Results: There were significant differences in pretest and posttest measurements for balance. However there were no significants differences in plantar foot pressure and toe angle. Conclusion: Although our study did not support the effect of exercises on plantar foot pressure and toe angle, we did show evidence that exercise was effective for balance. In order to increase the effectiveness of this exercise program, patients need to be more aware of the footwear they use in their daily lives so as to contribute to the contribute to the overall effectiveness of treating low to moderate hallux valgus and offer an alternative to surgery.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ankle muscle strengthening exercise using BOSU ball and taping on static and dynamic plantar pressure in patients with hallux valgus. Subjects were 26 men and women in their twenties with hallux valgus, and they were randomly assigned to a taping group (TG; n=13) and an ankle strengthening group (ASG; n=13). Each group received the appropriate intervention over a total of 4 weeks, and static and dynamic plantar pressure were measured before and after the intervention. Independent T-test was performed to examine the difference in the amount of change between groups, and paired-sample T-test was performed to determine whether the difference between the pre-post values within the group was significant. The statistical significance level was set as α=.05. As for the ratio of the total body weight of the foot (Foot), the amount of change in the ASG of the left foot was significantly decreased compared to the TG within the group (p<.05). Significantly increased (p<.05). As for the degree of pronation of the foot (MP/change ratio), the amount of change in the TG of the right foot was significantly decreased compared to the ASG (p<.05), and in the force of the foot, the TG of the left foot was the amount of change within the group compared to the ASG. was significantly increased (p<.05), and in the group-to-group change, the amount of change in TG was significantly different than that of ASG (p<.05). Therefore, it can be considered that ankle strengthening exercise using bosu ball and taping are insufficient to give effective change to patients with hallux valgus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 2023

Purpose : The most effective intervention for flat foot is strengthening exercises for the intrinsic and extrinsic of the foot. Additionally, visual feedback is necessary for movement accuracy. However, the effectiveness of the intervention when combined with visual feedback was not revealed. To confirm this, the research was to investigate the effect of visual feedback and a complex exercise program on navicular bone height, plantar pressure, and lower extremity alignment. Methods : The twenty eight adult men and women with flat foot were randomly assigned to group 1 (n=14) and group2 (n=14), group1 performed complex exercises with visual feedback, and group 2 performed only complex exercises. Both groups performed a 40 minute compound exercise program three times a week. Navicular drop test, plantar pressure test, and lower extremity alignment test were performed equally in both group. Results : As a result of comparing the change in navicular height within the group according to the intervention, both groups showed a significant difference before and after the exercise (p>.05). There was not significant difference comparing the difference between the groups in the navicular height (p>.05). Comparing the change in plantar pressure within groups, there was not significant difference in the change in plantar pressure in both groups (p>.05). Coparing the difference before and after exercise between groups, there was not significant plantar pressure (p>.05). Comparing the change in leg alignment within the group, there was a significant difference in the change in ankle before and after exercise in group 1 (p<.05), but there was not significant difference in group 2. There was not significant difference in pelvic tilt and knee tilt before and after exercise in both groups (p>.05). Comparing the before and after exercise difference between groups, there were not significant in all variables of leg alignment (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that complex exercise applied to patients with flat foot were effective in increasing the height of the navicular bone and ankle angle, but there was no effect due to visual feedback.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.513-523
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• 2002

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effect of foot massage on sleep, vital signs and fatigue in the elderly who live in their Home. Method: Data were collected from 20 elderly who live in the Seoul-Kyunggi province area by convenience sampling and analyzed the change of sleep and sleep satisfaction, vital signs(pulse, respiration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and general fatigue between pre and post foot massage using Paired t- test at 0.05 of significance level. Result: There were very significant difference in the sleep and fatigue between pre and post foot massage. Conclusion: Foot massage can improve the sleep and decrease fatigue, therefore we recommend to use foot massage as a effective sleep related nursing intervention in the elderly who live in their home.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2005

In this study, weight carrying pattern analysis and comparison method of four foot region were suggested. We used three types of club(driver, iron7, pitching wedge). This analysis method can compare between top class golfer and beginner. And the comparison data can be used to correct the swing pose of trainee. If motion analysis system, which can measure the swing speed and instantaneous acceleration at the point of hitting a ball, is combined with this plantar foot force analysis method, new design development of golf shoes to increase comfort and ball flight distance will be available. 1. Regional change of force acting, in address, is evenly distributed on both feet. In back swing top, 76% on right foot, 75% on left foot as impact, and 86% on left foot as finish. As regional force acting, in address, pros get high marks on rare and inside of right foot and rare and outside for amateurs. In back swing top, it is higher as fore and inside of left foot, pros as rare part of right foot and amateurs as forefoot. In impact, it is higher for pros and amateurs in outside and rare part of left foot and fore and inside of right foot. In finish, for both pros and amateurs, it is higher for outside and rare parts of left foot. 2. For each club, forces are evenly distributed on both feet in address. In back swing top, the shorter a club is, the higher impact on right foot and the higher finish distribution on left foot. For all the clubs used, in each region, pros get higher on rare and inside of right foot and as amateurs on rare and outside of left foot in address. In back swing top, for all clubs, pros get higher on rare and outside of right foot as fore and outside for amateurs. In impact acting, for all clubs, rare and outside of left foot get higher. In finish, force concentrates on rarefoot. 3. On both feet force, right foot forces of amateurs is higher than those of pros in back swing top. In impact and finish, pros get higher on left foot.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of a self-foot reflexology massage on depression, stress responses and functions of the immune system of middle-aged women, Method: This study was a one group pretest-postlest experimental design and the data was collected from August $1^{st}$ 2004 to May $31^{st}$ 2005. The subjects consisted of 46 middle-aged women (40 - 64 years) who were recruited from the Community Health Center in Busan city. Subjects were not treated for 4 weeks, subsequently they were trained in self foot reflexology massage for 2 weeks, and then they did their own daily for 6weeks (2 days at the research center, 5 days at home).The outcome variables were measured 4 times, at baseline, pre training, after training, and after the intervention. The collected data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA by the SPSS/WIN program. Result: There was a statistically significant difference in depression, perceived stress, systolic blood pressure, natural-killer cells and Ig G. However, there was not a statistically significant difference in dyastolic blood pressure, pulse or serum cortisol. Conclusion: These results suggest that a self-foot reflexology massage could be utilized as an effective nursing intervention to reduce depression and stress responses, and to strengthen immune systems in middle-aged women.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-163
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• 2003

Purpose; This study was done to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on vital signs, general fatigue, foot fatigue, mood, and blood glucose levels in noninsulin dependent patients. Method: The Research design of this study was nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design. 18 patients were assigned to the experimental group, 24 patients to the control group. The data were obtained diaberic patients with ambulatory endocrine outpatients clinic patients from 40 years old to 70 years old. Experimental groups received foot reflex massage for 30minutes three times/week every other days, and Control groups did not received foot reflex massage. The dependent variables were blood pressure, pulse rate, visual analogue scale for general fatigue, foot fatigue, mood, and blood sugar levels. Data were analyzed with $X^2$ test, t-test and repeated measure ANOVA at .0.05 level of significance. Results: There were significant difference in the pulse rate, general fatigue, foot fatigue and mood according to group and time between pre and post foot reflexology. But this research did not prove to decrease blood sugar levels. Conclusions : Foot reflexology can imorove pulse rate, general and foot fatigue, and mood status in diabetus patients. So further research need to explore the effect of decreasing of blood sugar levels.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of Tennis Shoes for assessing their functionality. 10 university male students (shoe size: 265mm) who had no history of injury in the lower extremity and a normal gait pattern participated in this study. Four types of tennis shoes, most popular in Korea (A, B, C & D company), were selected and tested. Using the PEDAR-X system and PEDAR-X insoles, 4 different motion stages were analyzed for the foot-pressure distribution: (a) straight running; (b) c-cut($45^{\circ}$ left turn running; (c) forehand stroke; and (d) backhand stroke. Results revealed that in all stages, there were no statistically significant differences among the types of shoes; however, descriptive statistics indicated that functionality of shoe types was somewhat different depending on the type of stages. The order in functionality found was C>A>B>D.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-242
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in foot contact area and pressure when walking with a functional insole that emphasizes the Hallux point as compared to a general insole. Methods: In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate changes in plantar pressure and contact area for a functional insole that emphasized the Hallux point as compared to a general insole. A lower extremity robot was used for walking reproduction. First, the gait sequence according to the two insoles was determined through a randomized controlled trial comparison. According to the sequence procedure, the insole was attached to the shoe and then worn on the right side of the lower extremity robot for gait reproduction at a normal gait speed of 20 steps per minute. After programming the robot to walk, the experiment was carried out. The result value was determined by averaging the pressure and area data of the fore and rear foot measures after walking at 20 steps per minute. Results: The functional insole that emphasized the hallux point significantly increased the forefoot and rearfoot contact area (p < 0.05) and significantly decreased the forefoot and rearfoot contact pressure (p < 0.05) compared to the general insole. Conclusion: A functional insole that emphasizes the hallux point does not collapse the medial longitudinal arch during gait, increasing foot stability and reducing fatigue. Thus, this functional insole needs to be widely used clinically.