• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.335-356
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we attempted to suggest a way to evaluate appropriateness and efficiency for the energy consumption structure. For this, based on Markowitz (1952)' mean-variance portfolio model, we constructed an optimal fossil fuel mix. In constructing the optimal mix, we first defined returns on fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) as TOE (Ton of Oil Equivalent) per $1. Then, by using the dynamic latent common factor model, we decomposed the growth rates of the returns on each fossil fuel into two parts : the common part and the idiosyncratic part. Finally, based on the results from the dynamic latent common factor model, we constructed the optimal fossil fuel mix implied by the mean-variance portfolio model. Our results indicate that for the fossil fuel mix to be on the efficient frontier, it is crucial to reduce oil consumption as low as possible. Moreover, our results imply that it is more efficient to increase natural gas consumption rather than coal consumption in reducing oil consumption. These results are in line with the strategies for the future energy consumption structure pursued by Korea and indicate that reduction in oil use can improve overall efficiency in energy consumption.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2001

From wood to coal and petroleum, mankind has used various fuel. Since using such fuel, mankind has developed power source of mechanism. We obtain numerous power from caloric force. Present energy supply is based on the fossil fuel. Fossil fuel has high energy density and is convenient for transportation and storage. Human being prepared countermeasure of energy economy, high energy efficiency and substitution energy for limits of fossil fuel. High energy efficiency among them is very important. This research will improve total output by physical exergy recovery of $LH_2$-fuel cell system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2010

Coal gasification process, which had developed originally to convert coal from hydrogen and carbon monoxide, has used and developed in many countries because of environmental advantages such as carbon dioxide storage, decrease of pollutants and so on. Generally entrained-flow gasification process using pulverized coal under $75{\mu}m$ is used in Integrated Gas Combined Cycle(IGCC) because of easy scale up and high efficiency of energy conversion. Especially entrained-flow gasifers with coal water slurry have been used in many applications due to its fully developed technologies. In this paper, several technologies for coal-water slurry gasification that involves slurry preparation, burner, gasifier, slag melting and numerical simulation for plant design and operation were investigated. Entrained-flow gasification with coal water slurry can be used for synfuel production, SNG, chemicals as well as IGCC. To develop hybrid gasification process and use different types of coal, it is necessary to develop new technologies that will increase efficiency of the process.

• Air Cleaning Technology
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.42
• /
• pp.15-40
• /
• 1998

Recently, many environmental problems have been reported, which are caused by the utilization of fossil fuel. Eepecially, carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is thought to be a main source of the global warming which affects the global environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2009

The Kyoto Protocol finally entered into force in 2008. In this respect, it is imperative to explore different options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for developing countries under the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. One of the main sources of $CO_2$ gas emission is fossil fueled power plants, thereby emission reduction could be achieved by substituting fossil fuel by non-fossil fuel sources on electric power generation sector. This paper presents the method for evaluating the effectiveness of emissions trading by fuel mix change. The cost of Fuel mix is formulated considering the economic effects of emission trading in electricity market. And the optimal fuel mix is proposed under the given emission constraints.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.67-79
• /
• 2008

Global warming, which is one of the most serious challenges, has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. To protect the health and economic well-being of current and future generations, we must reduce our emissions like carbon dioxide. Alternatives to achieve an energy future without serious global warming are to change to clean and renewable sources of energy like the wind, the sun lights, rivers, the biomass, hydrogen, and oceans. To identify some of the key and new environmental impacts associated with renewable energy and hydrogen energy, we set up the new conceptual methodology. Specifically, new identified environmental and health impacts are related with the usage of hydrogen energy. When comparing with fossil fuel, the renewable energies can reduce the release of carbon dioxide when they are used except hydrogen produced from fossil fuel. However, all renewable energy technologies are not appropriate to all applications or locations. Our results suggest that all of alternatives to replace fossil fuel can release the several global and local impacts although they seems to be smaller than the impacts from fossil fuel. Therefore, the quantitative and detail analysis to assess environmental impacts of the alternative energies might be useful to make our decision for the future energy against the global warming.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2007

Several heavy duty coatings at an every kind industry facilities to various systems currently have been applied review to the many industry fields. Corrosion-protective characteristics in the case of novolac epoxy among them and unsaturated polyester have been applied most widely. epoxy and flake heavy duty coatings are applied for such reason in an every kind facilities(stack, FGD, cooler, chemical tank etc) of a fossil-fuel power plants Cases of the fossil-fuel power plants are exposed to more severe corrosion environment compared with other facilities and It is difficult to display the performance of long-term method at apply to be the partial. Our study shows fluoro-polymer composite coating method to overcome of the limit. The comparison did previous method and heavy duty coating about FGD plants most at a corrosion environment among fossil-fuel power plants. Additionally, other facilities examined different heavy duty method. The design mode of fluoro-polymer composite coating according to an every kind facilities show extensive methods that are characteristic revelation of film(top, middle and primer layer) composition of the paint, film thickness in accordance with a facilities corrosion and the corrosion protective effectiveness to come into being use fluoro-polymer composite with heavy duty paint(epoxy).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2008

This study is aimed at substantially reducing the particulate matter (dust) emission during the combustion of heavy fuel in boilers by addition of combustion improver. The combustion improver used were the oil-soluble organometallic compounds that were found to be more effective than the dispersing agents that are generally used for reducing the particulate emission. The dust reduction effect was found to depend on the active materials (metals) as well as on the organic ligand part of organometallic compounds. Acetylacetonoate and naphthenate of Fe and Ca were found to be most effective for dust reduction. Addition of Fe and Ca organometallic compounds as combustion improver in concentration of 30 ppm (metal basis) to heavy fuel oil, caused dust reduction by 50 wt% to 80 wt%.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.1169-1178
• /
• 2018

Two man-made carbon emissions, fossil fuel emissions and land use emissions, have been perturbing naturally occurring global carbon cycle. These emitted carbons will eventually be deposited into the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere, the soil, and the ocean. In this study, Simple Global Carbon Model (SGCM) was used to simulate global carbon cycle and to estimate global carbon budget. For the model input, fossil fuel emissions and land use emissions were taken from the literature. Unlike fossil fuel use, land use emissions were highly uncertain. Therefore land use emission inputs were adjusted within an uncertainty range suggested in the literature. Simulated atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations were well fitted to observations with a standard error of 0.06 ppm. Moreover, simulated carbon budgets in the ocean and terrestrial biosphere were shown to be reasonable compared to the literature values, which have considerable uncertainties. Simulation results show that with increasing fossil fuel emissions, the ratios of carbon partitioning to the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere have increased from 42% and 24% in the year 1958 to 50% and 30% in the year 2016 respectively, while that to the ocean has decreased from 34% in the year 1958 to 20% in the year 2016. This finding indicates that if the current emission trend continues, the atmospheric carbon partitioning ratio might be continuously increasing and thereby the atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations might be increasing much faster. Among the total emissions of 399 gigatons of carbon (GtC) from fossil fuel use and land use during the simulation period (between 1960 and 2016), 189 GtC were reallocated to the atmosphere (47%), 107 GtC to the terrestrial biosphere (27%), and 103GtC to the ocean (26%). The net terrestrial biospheric carbon accumulation (terrestrial biospheric allocations minus land use emissions) showed positive 46 GtC. In other words, the terrestrial biosphere has been accumulating carbon, although land use emission has been depleting carbon in the terrestrial biosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2015

Recent global warming has been recognized as the world economy development from fossil fuel use is the culprit. This study was reduce the fossil fuel has been developed in a number of alternative energy, As a fuel that can be produced in our country is a biofuel. Biofuels is a sustainable fuel having economically benefits and decreasing environmental pollution problems caused due to fossil fuel. A lot of research is progressing about the conversion of diesel biofuel as renewable clean energy. In this experiment were remodel the institution that has been used in fishing engine again produced an experimental apparatus were installed directly, were studied using various bio fuel like to help the economically and environmentally sound operation of the vessel. rapeseed oil, soybean oil, comprehensively analyzing the results the effects of the exhaust emission characteristics of the waste rapeseed oil is available in a marine engine with similar physical and chemical components of the fuel, and the fuel consumption ratio, NOx is slightly increased, but soot was confirmed a tendency to decrease much.