• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2004

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2022

Background: Several therapeutic methods have been proposed for frozen shoulder syndrome. These include suprascapular nerve block, a simple and cost-effective technique that eliminates the need for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Methods: This was a clinical trial that included patients with unilateral shoulder joint stiffness. Patients were divided into three groups: those treated with isolated physiotherapy for 12 weeks (PT group), those treated with a single dose intra-articular injection of corticosteroid together with physiotherapy (IACI group), and those treated with a suprascapular nerve block performed with a single indirect injection of 8-mL lidocaine HCL 1% and 2 mL (80 mg) methylprednisolone acetate together with physiotherapy (SSNB group). The variables assessed were age, sex, side of involvement, dominant limb, presence of diabetes, physical examination findings including erythema, swelling, and muscle wasting; palpation and movement findings; shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) score; and the visual analog scale (VAS) score pre-intervention and at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 12-week post-intervention. Results: Ninety-seven patients were included in this survey (34 cases in the PT group, 32 cases in the IACI group, and 31 cases in the SSNB group). Mean age was 48.55±11.06 years. Fifty-seven cases were female (58.8%) and 40 were male (41.2%). Sixty-eight patients had a history of diabetes (70.1%). VAS and SPADI scores and range of mototion degrees dramatically improved in all cases (p<0.001). Results were best in the SSNB group (p<0.001), and the IACI group showed better results than the PT group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Suprascapular nerve block is an effective therapy with long-term pain relief and increased mobility of the shoulder joint in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 1993

There are many patients who complain of shoulder pain with stiffness. Sadly these patients are often neglected by many physicians. An effective treatment is necessary in clinical practice. In our pain clinic, the fifty patients who were diagnosed frozen shoulder were randomly selected and followed up from Oct. 1992 to Mar. 1993. Important factors affecting outcome include; time from onset of pain and stiffness until treatment, initial severity of the pain and stiffness. We found that appropriate treatment led overall to improved patient satisfaction. The results are as follows. For patients treated within 3 weeks of syndrome occurrence, the recovery rate was in excess of 80%. But, if the patients had suffered for more than 6 months prior to treatment, the recovery rate was below 70%. For problems present in excess of six years only slight improvement was observed. These patients were difficult to manage. If the condition of patients was class I, the recovery rate was 94.4%. But in the cases of class III, only 25% of patients were recovered. From our results, we believe that early treatment is the best choice in management of frozen shoulder patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

Background: This study examined the effects of nerve mobilization exercise and scapula postural correction exercise and scapula postural correction exercise after applying conservative physical therapy to frozen shoulder. Methods: Thirty-four outpatients were divided into a nerve mobilization exercise and scapula postural correction exercise group and scapula postural correction exercise group. Each group performed its own exercise 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks. Pain intensity was measured by the visual analogue scale. Range of motion was measured by the goniometer. The scapular position was measured by scapular index. Grasping power was measured by the Grip Track Commander. Measurements were made at baseline and six weeks after the intervention. Results: the visual analogue scale, range of motion (except lateral rotation), and grasping power for each group showed significant changes at baseline and six weeks after the intervention (p<.05). Significant differences were also evident between the two groups for these three measurements (p<.05). Conclusions: Nerve mobilization exercise & scapula postural correction exercise is more effective than scapula postural correction exercise for reducing pain intensity and increasing grasping power, scapular index and range of motion (except lateral rotation) in frozen shoulder syndrome patients.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2003

Disorders of the shoulder in which conservative management is indicated as a primary treatment include idiopathic frozen shoulder, atraumatic instability. acute calcific tendinitis , subacromial impingement syndrome, partial thickness or small full thickness tear of the rotator cuff, and chronic rotator cuff tear in elderly population. Aside from medication and various physical modalities used for relief of pain, the mainstay of orthopaedic rehabilitation consists of stretching of the tendons and capsulologamentous complex, and strengtnening of rotator cuff muscles as well as surrounding muscles. However, orthopaedic rehabilitation in chronically painful conditions of the shoulder differs in detail according to the specific diseases or injuries, And it is important to make the rehabilitation program that can be undertaken by the patients rather than adhering to a fixed schedule. Also the program should be changed as the condition of the patient improves or deteriorates. Nevertheless there are basic rules of stretching and strengthening , which should always be observed in applying orthopaedic rehabilitation treatment.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

Stiffness of the posterior deltoid is as a causative factor in the limited range of glenohumeral horizontal adduction and various other shoulder pathologies including shoulder impingement syndrome, frozen shoulder, and humerus anterior glide syndrome. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two techniques (soft tissue massage and cross-body stretch) on increasing the range of horizontal adduction. Thirty-two subjects with a $10^{\circ}$ or greater difference between the right and left sides in horizontal adduction were selected. Sixteen subjects from each group were allocated randomly. Interventions were applied on six occasions for 2 weeks, and the range of horizontal adduction was measured using an inclinometer at pre-and post-intervention. A $2{\times}2$ analysis of variance (intervention${\times}$time) was used to compare the effects of the two techniques. In the soft tissue massage group, the angle of horizontal adduction significantly increased compared with the cross-body stretch group. These findings indicate that the soft tissue massage of the posterior deltoid muscle is a more effective method to increase the flexibility of the glenohumeral horizontal adduction.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2021

Objective: To confirm the safety of Intra-articular (IA) injection on the ipsilateral adhesive capsulitis (AC) after breast cancer surgery. Methods: Between January 2017 and May 2020, we retrospectively studied 29 patients after breast cancer surgery who underwent IA injection in the glenohumeral joint for AC in aseptic procedure. Results: There were no side effects or complications such as lymphedema or cellulitis in the patients. There was a significant improvement in pain score and range of motion (ROM) at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months visits compared to the baseline (p<0.05). The presence or absence of axillary lymph node dissection and radiation therapy had no significant difference in improvement of ROM. But, in rotator cuff syndrome (RCS) group, there was a significant difference in improvement of shoulder IR in patients without RCS. Conclusion: IA Injection on the ipsilateral AC after breast cancer surgery was safe and even effective to improve pain and shoulder ROM. Ipsilateral IA injection can be a good treatment for breast cancer surgery patients suffering from AC.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.304-307
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• 1995

1,666 patients treated by nerve block from September 1994 to August 1995 we statistically analyzed according to sex, age, diseases, and kinds of nerve blocks. Most patients were in the range from 30 to 60 year old, with a distribution of 43.9% male and 56.1% female. Diseases and ailments were as follows: low back pain 30.6%, frozen shoulder 14.0%, facial spasm 10.0%, cervical syndrome 9.7%, headache 7.3%, and hyperhidrosis 7.2%. Most common nerve blocks were stellate ganglion block 30.9%, epidural block 25.6%, trigger point injection 16.1%, and suprascapular nerve block 6.7%. Nerve blocks under fluoroscopic guide were as follows: facet joint block 28.6%, spinal root block 22.9%, thoracic sympathetic ganglion block 21.7%, and lumbar sympathetic ganglion block 15.4%.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2002

Purpose : The role of biceps pulley is stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon against anterior shearing stress in the rotator interval. The purpose of this study was to classify arthroscopic findings of biceps pulley and to evaluate the relationship with shoulder pathology. Materials and Methods : From January 2002 through July 2002, we observed biceps pulley in 49 cases of shoulder pathology treated with arthroscopically. There were 22 cases of anterior instability, 12 cases of rotator cuff tear, 5 of impingement syndrome, 6 of frozen shoulder, 2 of superior labral injury and 1 of each scapulothoracic bursitis and biceps dislocation. We classified biceps pulley as four types according to the arthroscopic appearance. Type I its stretched type. type II as sling type, type III at detached sling type, and type IV as concealed type. Results : We observed stretched type in 24 cases $(49\%)$, sling type in 5 cases $(10\%)$, detached sling type in 2 cases, concealed type in 1 case, and unidentified cases in 17 cases $(35\%)$. Conclusion : Development and variation of biceps pulley may have symptomatic correlation according to the degree of shoulder motion or pathologic status.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.897-903
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• 1999

Many out patients of the rehabilitation center complaint a pain caused by suffering of MPS, and it brings many different kind of social and ecinomical problems such as medical expenses and the reduction in work efficiency. Therefore, we conducted a research to present a fast and effective treatment to the MPS patients. this research was conducted from November, 1996 to January 1998 with eighteen outpatients who agreed to be the subjects to our reserach. We applied the electric acupuncture on 28 different trigger point on the patients with mostly muscular-skeletal pain and some tender and radiating pain. After the treatment, VRS, VAS, PRI were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients third and seventh visits, and following results were found. 1. To apply EAP treatment, we acupunctured 6em-Iong needles on Tps region, then the electrodes of pulse generater pg-306 E.S.T were connected on the top of the needles. the electric acupuncture therapy was conducted for 20 minutes with the intensity of 4hz - 60hz(auto wave). The treated electric intensity was the level at which the patients did not feel discomfort. 2. Thirteen out of the 18 participated patients were in their 30s and 40s(72.2%), showing highest frequency. There were more female than male with the ratio of 1 to 1:2. 3. six out of the participated patients (33.3%) had the pain for less then a week, and the average duration of the pain of the participated patients wear 0.8 years. 4. The pain occured mostly in the upper trapezius by 6 part (21.4%), then in the gluteus medius region by 4 part (14.3%). Many of the patients with the pain in the upper back area accompanied varios kind of the referred pains such as radiculopathy, HIVD and Frozen shoulder. 5. MPS occured more frequently on the right side than left side then left side and it seemed to be due to the frequent use of the right hand. 6. There was almost no difference in the measurement of the intensity of the pain right before and after the EAP treatment. Howerver, there was significant decrease in the numerical values of the VAS, and a little bit of decrease in the numerical values of the PRI after the EAP treatment. 7. Based on the results of this present research, it can be concluded that EAP can be used for the treating the myofascial pain syndrome with promptness and safety in most cases.