• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 1987

Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. semitectum, and F. sporotrichioides were detected from seeds, roots and cultivated soil of Phaseolous vidissimus collected from Kyung-gi Provincial Rural Development Administration. The rate of seedling desease incidence was $60\%$ by testing of seed germination using a large petri-dish. According to the blotter method, F. moniliforme showed $7\%$ infection at seed-coat and $2\%$ at cotyledon and embryo. Their pathogenicities of F. moniliforme, F. semitectum, F. equiseti, and F. sporotrichioides isolated from seeds were recognized on seedlings by water-agar test tube methods. F. oxysporum and F. solani isolated from infected-roots had their pathogenicity by water-agar test tube method but were weakly pathogenic by soil treatment method. Their pathogenicities of F. oxysporum. F. solani and F. uiseti isolated from cultivated-soil were recognized by water-agar test tube method. These F. oxysporum and equiseti isolates had their pathogenicities but F. solani was weakly pathogenic by soil treatment method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 2008

Apicidin is a cyclic tetrapeptide produced by some Fusarium species and is known to inhibit Apicomplexan histone deacetylase. The goals of this study were to determine species identity of Fusarium isolate KCTC16676, an apicidin producer, to improve a method for apicidin extraction, and to test phytotoxicity of apicidin and its analogs. We compared sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) gene in KCTC16676 with those from isolates representing diverse Fusarium species, which showed that KCTC16676 belongs to the F. semitectum-F. equiseti species complex. To enhance apicidin production, after culturing isolate KCTC16676 on a wheat medium for 3 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$, the culture was extracted with chloroform. Apicidins were purified through a reverse phase $C_{18}$ silica gel column, resulting in 5 g of apicidin, 200 mg of apicidin A, and 300 mg of apicidin $D_2$ from 4 kg of wheat cultures; this represents a significant yield improvement from a previous method, offers more materials to study the modes of its action, and facilitates the elucidation of the apicidin biosynthesis pathway. Apicidin and apicidin $D_2$ showed phytotoxicity on both seedlings and 2-week-old plants of diverse species, and weeds were more sensitive to apicidins than vegetables

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.260-267
• /
• 2004

Fusarium spp. were isolated from the postharvest fruit rot of oriental melon fruits at commercial fruit markets in Korea during 2001 to 2003. The decayed fruits were covered with the fungal mycelia and eventually soft rotted. The disease started at the fruit stalk area, the calyx end of the fruit and skin of fruit. As the disease advanced, white to pinkish mycelia covered with the surface of decayed fruit. The cultural and morphological characteristic of Fusarium spp. were compared with descriptions of those reported previously, and identified as Fusarium equiseti, F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. sambucinum, and F. semitectum. Pathogenicity of the isolates was proved by artificial wound and unwound inoculation onto the healthy fruits. Two days after inoculation, aerial mycelia were noticed on the wound inocultion region of the fruit and developed soft rot symptoms. Although Fusarium spp. causing fruit rot disease in oriental melon have been reported in Korea, identification of the those species was not described. Therefore, this is the first report of Fusarium spp. causing postharvest fruit rot on oriental melon in Korea.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2014

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) family Malvaceae is an important crop used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industries. Roselle is cultivated mainly in Upper Egypt (Qena and Aswan governorates) producing 94% of total production. Root rot disease of roselle is one of the most important diseases that attack both seedlings and adult plants causing serious losses in crop productivity and quality. The main objective of the present study is to identify and characterize pathogens associated with root rot and wilt symptoms of roselle in Qena, Upper Egypt and evaluate their pathogenicity under greenhouse and field condition. Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium semitectum were isolated from the natural root rot diseases in roselle. All isolated fungi were morphologically characterized and varied in their pathogenic potentialities. They could attack roselle plants causing damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases in different pathogenicity tests. The highest pathogenicity was caused by F. oxysporum and M. phaseolina followed by F. solani. The least pathogenic fungi were F. equiseti followed by F. semitectum. It obviously noted that Baladi roselle cultivar was more susceptible to infection with all tested fungi than Sobhia 17 under greenhouse and field conditions. This is the first report of fungal pathogens causing root rot and vascular wilt in roselle in Upper Egypt.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 2010

Fusarium species, a large group of plant pathogens, potentially pose quarantine concerns worldwide. Here, we focus on the development of a method for detecting four Fusarium species in quarantined plants in Korea: F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, F. stilboides, F. redolens, and F. semitectum var. majus. Species-specific primers were designed from the nucleotide sequences of either the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1) gene or RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene. Two different primer sets derived from TEF1, all specific to F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, were able to differentiate the two races (1 and 2) of this species. A set of nested primers for each race was designed to confirm the PCR results. Similarly, two primer sets derived from RPB2 successfully amplified specific fragments from five F. stilboides isolates grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. A specific TEF1 primer set amplified a DNA fragment from only four of the 12 F. redolens strains examined, which were grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. All of the F. semitectum var. majus isolates could be specifically detected with a single RPB2 primer set. The specificity of the primer sets developed here was confirmed using a total of 130 Fusarium isolates.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 1985

1. Alternaria tenuis, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata Fusarium semitectum, Gerlachia oryzae, Phoma sp. Trichoconiella padwickii were found associated with ear blighting of rice plants. The frequency of isolation of the fungi was found to be higher from the severely discolored rice grains than that from the brownish spotted grains, but H. oryzae was encounted highly from the latter. 2. Higher counts of Alternaria tenuis, Helminthosporium oryzae, Trichoconiella padwickii, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium semitectum were observed under alternating cycles of 12hrs of light and darkness than under complete darkness but G. oryzae was encountered highly under darkness in the blotter. While no difference in the occurrence of the other fungi was recorded under l2hr NUV light-12hr darkness cycles and darkness. 3. A. tenuis and C. cladosporioides were encountered highly at the lower temp. $(15^{\circ}C)$ but Phoma sp. was occurred highly at the higher temp. $(30^{\circ}C)$ when the seeds were incubated in the blotter. 4. Artificial inoculation of the fungi in the ears of rice plants caused severe discoloration of rice grains and reduced 1,000 grain weights and grain ripening percentage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.263-268
• /
• 1983

In a survey of seed-borne mycofloras of Glycine max, 21 species have been isolated. Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus spp., Cercospora kikuchii, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. were the predominant fungi. C. kikuchii was isolated more often from purple stained seed than from unstained seed, and Fusarium spp., Phomopsis sp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated less frequently in stained than unstained seeds. In inoculation experiments, C. kikuchii, Colletotrichum dematitum, Phomopsis sp. produced mild to severe symptoms on leaves when suspension of their conidia and mycelia were sprayed on to plants. In soil inoculation experiments, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme and F. semitectum showed pathogenicity causing seed rot and seedling blight.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1998

The incidence of total molds, Fusarium species, and the estrogenic mycotoxin,zearalenone, in Korean grain samples were investigated . The majority of molds infecting grain were identified as belonging to the genus Alternaria , with an average infection rate of kernels of 43% and 32% in rice and baley, respectively. Fusarium speciens were less common, with average infection rates of 13% and 19% in reice and barley, respectively. A number of field fungi including Curvularia and Dactylaria were also observed. Among the Fusarium speices, 71 of 94 Fusarium isolates were identified as F.semitectum. A few F. moniliforme and F. equiseti were observed linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). In addition, deoxynivalenol was not deteted by ELISA . However, thepresence of molds, including Fusarium species, may pose possbile health hazards to persons consuming those grains.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.248-259
• /
• 2004

A total 115 isolates of Fusarium species from ginseng roots of 'rotted', and soils collected during 1982-1985 in Korea, were identified and classified into 11 species with the Snyder & Hansen System (with reference to Gerlach-Nirenberg's Modified System). The most dominant of these species were F. solani (55 isolates), F. oxysporum (35 isolates), and F. moniliforme (10 isolates) sensu Snyder & Hansen. The other 8 species (15 isolates) were very rarely isolated and previously identified as F. roseum sensu Snyder & Hansen (1945); these were F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. graminum, F. arthrosporioides, F. sambucinum, F. reticulatum, F. semitectum and F. poa. Tested for the ability to infect the roots of ginseng (3 yr. old plants) in field condition with the mycelial inoculum, only one isolate of F. solani (34 isolates tested) and one isolate of F. oxysporum (24 isolates tested) were weakly pathogenic to ginseng roots. Any of the isolates (7 isolates tested) of F. moniliforme [Liseola section] were not pathogenic to ginseng. However, all the isolates of tested of the species of Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium ultimum, and Cylindrocarpon destructans were highly pathogenic to ginseng roots. The species of Fusarium solani and Cylindrocarpon destructans were supposed to be a host dominant disease agent in ginseng plant.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2011

Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi) is native to East Asia, and grains of the plant are used as health food and medicinal material. Head blight symptoms of the plant were frequently observed during disease surveys in Korea from 2006 to 2008. The symptoms were characterized as discoloration of husks, and subsequently inside of mature grains were shriveled or emptied. One hundred fifty nine isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from the disease symptoms of the plant collected from several locations in the country. Out of the isolates, the most frequently isolated Fusarium species were F. graminearum (34%), F. proliferatum (14.5%), F. verticillioides (10.1%), F. equiseti (6.9%), and F. fujikuroi (6.3%). Other Fusarium species isolated were F. subglutinans, F. semitectum, F. poae, and F. sporodochioides. Elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequences of the isolates were used for phylogenetic analysis. Analyses of the sequences revealed that the isolates were confirmed to be identical with each reference species of NCBI GenBank. Pathogenicity tests showed that F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were strongly virulent to grains of Job's tears. The present study is the first report of head blight of Job's tears caused by Fusarium species in Korea.