• Title/Summary/Keyword: GSI

Search Result 470, Processing Time 0.029 seconds

A Study of the Relationships among RMR, Q-system and GSI Applied to Classify Rock Mass of Limestone Mine (석회석 광산의 암반 분류에 적용된 RMR, Q-system, GSI 간의 상관성 연구)

  • Yoon, Yong-Kyun;Lee, Hong-Woo
    • Explosives and Blasting
    • /
    • v.35 no.4
    • /
    • pp.27-35
    • /
    • 2017
  • A total of 22 sites around openings of limestone mine are chosen to assess rock mass classification schemes such as RMR, Q-system, and GSI. RMR and Q are modified to estimate the relationship with GSI. Q' is the modified Q with SRF=1.0 and $J_w=1.0$. Rock mass is assumed to be completely dry and very favorable discontinuity orientations are assumed to estimate ${RMR_{89}}^{\prime}$. Relationships of Q-Basic RMR, Q-Total RMR, ${GSI-RMR_{89}}^{\prime}$, and GSI-Q' are analyzed, in which a correlation of ${GSI-RMR_{89}}^{\prime}$ is found to be the highest. Failure strains are calculated using the modulus ratios and most measuring sites appear to be stable with low failure strain class.

Elasto-plastic Analysis of Circular Tunnel with Consideration of Strain-softening of GSI Index (GSI 지수의 변형률 연화를 고려한 원형터널의 탄소성 해석)

  • Lee, Youn-Kyou;Park, Kyung-Soon
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.49-57
    • /
    • 2010
  • For the elasto-plastic analysis of a circular tunnel driven in a strain-softening rock mass subjected to a hydrostatic in-situ stress condition, this study suggests a convenient elasto-plastic analysis scheme which takes the strain-softening of GSI index into account and demonstrates its potential as a numerical tool in designing a circular tunnel. The suggested numerical scheme was developed by modifying the previous elasto-plastic procedure proposed by Lee & Pietruszczak(2008). With the assumption that GSI index of rock mass adjacent to the tunnel surface may be degraded due to the damage caused by the blasting and excavation, the concept of the strain-softening of GSI index was invoked. The concept provides a useful tool considering the strain-softening of the strength parameters appearing in the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion because these parameters can be evaluated empirically by use of GSI. In order to check the validity of the proposed scheme, the elasto-plastic analyses for circular tunnels were performed in various analysis conditions and the results were discussed.

A study on the construction of the planning process Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) in the public building in Gyeongsangnam-do (경상남도 공공청사형 그린빗물인프라(GSI) 조성 체계 구축)

  • Lee, Hyojung;Shin, Hyunsuk
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
    • /
    • v.56 no.4
    • /
    • pp.301-310
    • /
    • 2023
  • Since 2013, the Ministry of Environment has been promoting the 'Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) application project', a small-scale distributed stormwater management method, and supporting installation costs. So, the number of local governments that want to apply for 'GSI applied projects' is increasing every year. However, with the exception of Seoul, which introduced the 「Low Impact Development Prior Consultation System」, each local government has difficulties because there is no guideline or implement systems. Therefore, in this study, the application scope and priority setting of public buildings in Gyeongsangnam-do, the review of the GSI application effect in the pilot study area, and the establishment of an integrated implement system will be proposed as a result of the study.

A Study on the Characteristics of Rock Mass by GSI in Limestone Mine (석회석 광산에서의 GSI 분류법에 의한 암반특성연구)

  • ;Kaynnam U. M. Rao
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
    • /
    • v.14 no.2
    • /
    • pp.86-96
    • /
    • 2004
  • Rock mass classification methods such as RMR, Q system and GSl have been widely adopted with certain modifications for the design of mine openings. The GSI system is the only rock mass classification system that is related to Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown strength parameters and gives a simple method to calculate the engineering properties of rock masses which can be useful input parameters for a numerical analysis. A detailed surveying for GSI mapping as well as far calculating RMR values was undertaken at Daesung and Pyunghae underground limestone mining sites. RQD values were determined for row locations in these two mining sites. Based on GSI values and intact rock strength properties, the rock mass strength modulus of elasticity as well as the Mohr-Coulomb strength parameter c$_{m}$ and $\phi$$_{m}$ were determined. GSI and RMR are correlated.

Estimating Length at Sexual Maturity of the Small Yellow Croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yellow Sea of Korea Using Visual and GSI Methods (한국 서해 참조기(Larimichthys polyactis)의 육안판별법과 GSI판별법에 의한 성숙체장 추정)

  • Kang, Heejoong;Ma, Ji Young;Kim, Hyeon Ji;Kim, Han Ju
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.53 no.1
    • /
    • pp.50-56
    • /
    • 2020
  • Determination of the precise size at sexual maturity is very important for science-based stock assessment and fisheries resource management. In this study, two different models, (1) a visual method and (2) a gonadosomatic index (GSI) method, were employed to estimate length at sexual maturity of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yellow Sea of Korea. The visual method is a common qualitative method using visual gonadal identification. Conversely, the GSI method is a quantitative method using the GSI, which can be easily and precisely collected. We compared results from these methods to determine the best approach, and to examine the practicality of the GSI method. Logistic regression of the maturity ogive was conducted using a general linear model (GLM) with the R statistics program. Also, the bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals of all estimates were calculated. The best-fit model was the visual method (RMc2=0.805, AUC=0.989, L50=15.1). Among models using the GSI method, the model computing GSIref=0.94 was the best-fit model (RMc2=0.792, AUC=0.989, L50=15.2). There was no significant difference between the two models, evidencing the effectiveness and accuracy of the GSI method.

Effects of GSI and Joint Orientation on the Change of Hydraulic Conductivity (GSI 및 절리의 방향이 수리전도도 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Yong-Kyun
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
    • /
    • v.20 no.3
    • /
    • pp.225-232
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this study, a newly modified 3-dimensional strain-dependent hydraulic conductivity modification relation which incorporates the influences of normal deformation and shear dilation is suggested. Since rock mass is simulated as a orthogonally jointed medium, an anisotropic hydraulic conductivity field can be evaluated using that relation. The empirical relationship on the basis of GSI and disturbance factor has been used to estimate the value of a modulus reduction ratio (ratio of rock mass deformation modulus to rock matrix elastic modulus). Principal hydraulic conductivity directions is not generally coincident with the global coordinate due to the inclining of joint and the influence of joint inclination is evaluated under strain rotation. Result shows that change of hydraulic conductivity does decreases with the increase of GSI and disturbance factor has much effects on the hydraulic conductivity of rock mass getting GSI value above 50. It is found that the inclination of joint impacts on the variation of hydraulic conductivity.

Reproductive Cycle of a Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (조피볼락의 생식주기)

  • BAEK Jae-Min;HAN Chang-Hee;KIM Dae-Jung;PARK Chul-Won;Aida Katsumi
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.33 no.5
    • /
    • pp.431-438
    • /
    • 2000
  • To clarify the annual reproductive cycle in a rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, monthly changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and histological feature of gonads and plasma levels of sex steroid hormones ($estradiol-l7{\beta},\;17{\alpha},\;20{\beta}-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one,\;testosterone\;and\;11-ketotestosterone$) were investigated. The annual reproductive cycle in females could be divided into 5 periods as follows: 1) recovery period (June to September): serum level of $estradiol-l7{\beta}$ increased gradually; 2) vitellogenesis period (Septemer to february) : vitellogenic oocytes were obsewed, GSI sustained high value, and serum level of $estradiol-l7{\beta}$ increased; 3) gestation period (February-April): developing larva showed in the ovary, and serum levels of $17{\alpha},\;20{\beta}-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one$ and testosterone increased; 4) partrition period (April to May) : larva were delivered, and value of GSI and serum levels of hormones decreased rapidly; 5) resting period (May to June) : value of GSI and serum levels of $estradiol-l7{\beta}$ and testosterone remained low. The annual reproductive cycle in males could be divided into 6 periods; 1) early maturation period (April to June): value of GSI and serum levels of hormones incresed gradually, cyst of spermatogonia incresed in number, and a small number of cyst of spermatocyte was observed; 2) mid-maturation perid (June to September); value of GSI and serum levels of hormones increased, and germ cells in many cysts were undergoing active sperrnatogenesis; 3) late maturation period (September to November) : value of GSI and serum levels of hormones remained high and spermatozoa were released into the lumina of the seminal lobules; 3) spermatozoa dischaging period (Nobember to December) : the lumina of the seminal lobules were enlarged and filled with mature spermatozoa; 4) degeneration period (December to Februauy)i value of GSI decresed and cyst of spermatocyte were decresed in number; 5) resting period (December to April) : no histological changes of testes were observed, and value of GSI and serum levels of hormones remained low. In November, the lumina of the seminal lobules were filled with mature spermatozoa and sperm masses were present in the ovarian cavity. Thus, copulation in this species occurred in November and December.

  • PDF

Reproductive Cycles of Moroco oxycephalus and M. lagowskii in Korea (한국산 버들치와 버들개의 생식 주기에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Young-Jin;Min, Mi-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.117-125
    • /
    • 1999
  • We investigated the reproductive cycles of two freshwater fishes, Moroco oxycephalus and M. lagowskii, in Korea. Seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonads were investigated histologically from April 1998 to April 1999. The reproductive cycles of two species were not shown any differences. The reproductive cycle can be divided into 5 phases : phase I (spent phase), phase II (immature phase), phase III (early developing phase), phase IV (late developing phase), and phase V (ripe phase). In phase I, the gonads of two species began to lose distinctly their weights from mid April, and reached the lowest GSI in late July (phase II). In September, the GSI values of testis and ovary increased very slowly (phase III) and gonadal developments rested during the winter season (phase IV). In March, the GSI values of M. oxycephalus and M. lagowskii began to increase, and reached the maximum in April (phase V). From the cyclic changes in the GSI and histological analyses, the spawning period was between mid April and mid May.

  • PDF

Annual Reproductive Cycle of the Banded Catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) (동자개, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson)의 생식년주기)

  • LIM Sang-Koo;HAN Chang-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.30 no.5
    • /
    • pp.823-833
    • /
    • 1997
  • To clarify the annual reproductive cycle of the banded catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson), the seasonal changes in histological aspect of gonad and liver were examined. The adult fish was raptured from the upper stream of Young-San river, Chunnam in each month from May 1992 to June 1993. Based on the annual changes in GSI (gonadosomatic index), HSI (hepatosomatic index), CF (condition factor) and histological aspects of the gonads, the annual reproductive cycle were classified into 5 periods as follows: 1) Growing phase (from April to early May): The value of GSI increased and the size of oocytes in perinucleolus stage in oocytes increased gradually. Spermatogonia were developed actively from the epithelial tissues of seminiferous tubules. 2) Maturing phase (from Hay to early June): GSI levels increased rapidly in both sex. Oocytes at various developmental stages were observed. Appearance of active spermatogenesis were observed. 3) Mature and spawning phase (from June to August): High values of GSI remained static and oocytes accumulated significant quantitis of yolk globules. 4) Degenerating phase (from September to November): GSI levels decreased and ovaries were filled mostly with oocytes at the perinucleolus stage. Hepatic cells accumulated significant amounts of lipid droplets. 5) Resting period (from December to March) : Low values of GSI were kept and the size of oocytes at the perinucleolus stage did not increase. Spermatogenesis was not observed.

  • PDF

NGN-GSI(Next Generation Network-Global Standards Initiative)

  • Choe, Jun-Gyu;Ham, Jin-Ho;Kim, Seon
    • TTA Journal
    • /
    • s.103
    • /
    • pp.179-184
    • /
    • 2006
  • 지난 8월 SG13회의 결과에 따라 FGNGN 종료후 FGNGN에서 작업한 문서들을 성공적으로 마무리하고 NGN 표준화를 효율적으로 수행하 기 위해 SG11, SG13, SG19 및 기타 관련 SG들의 관련 그룹간 합동으로 회의를 개최키로 하고 이를 NGN-GSI로 부르기로 하였다. 그 결과 에 따라 1차 NGN GSI 회의가 지난 1월 16일부터 27일까지 스위스 제네바에서 개최되었으며, 본 고는 NGN-GSI의 주요 회의결과를 국내 대 표단 활동 내용 위주로 간단히 요약 정리한 것이다.

  • PDF