• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2004

Oocyte maturation refers to the process that prophase I arrested germinal vesicle(GV) drives the progression of meiosis to metaphase II(MII) to have the capacity for fertilization and embryo development. To better understand the molecular mechanism(s) involved in oocyte maturation, we identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between GV and MII mouse oocytes using a new innovative annealing control primer (ACP) technology. Using 20 ACPs, we successfully cloned 32 DEGs between GV and Mll oocytes, and 26 out of these 32 DEGs were functionally known genes. Four genes including Pscd2 were GV-specific, 10 genes including PKD2 and CSN3 were highly expressed in GV oocytes(GV-selective), and 12 genes including Diva were highly expressed in MII oocytes (MII-selective). Ail of the genes identified in this study were first reported in the oocyte expression using ACP system and especially, we could characterize the existence of PKD-CSW signaling pathwayin the mouse oocytes. Results of the present study would provide insight for studying molecular mechanisms regulating oocyte maturation.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2015

Objectives This paper focused on developing the acupuncture-moxibustion device for head. Disadvantages of the existing devices for head moxibustion are its hume and inconvenience in operating because of the hair. Methods The proposed acupuncture-moxibustion device for GV20(Baihui) is 10mm long as needle body and 6mm long as needle root whose feature are 1~2 turns spiral coil. The spiral coil contains the moxa in order not to drop the moxa while operating Results The direct temperature on the burning moxa were measured by TK-305 infrared thermometer. But the direct temperature on the needle of acupuncture-moxibustion device were not able to measure by TK-305 infrared thermometer. By definition equation, the indirect temperatures on the needle of acupuncture-moxibustion device were able to be calculated. Conclusion A very safe, small and cheap acupuncture-moxibustion device for GV20(Baihui) of head is proposed. It will be useful to generate the heat shock protein and to operate in preventing and curing the Alzheimer's disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.1227-1231
• /
• 2004

Pig oocytes contain high levels of lipids in the ooplasm, which reduces the visibility of the germinal vesicle (GV) under microscopic examination. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of relative centrifugation force (RCF) on the visibility and maturation rates of the GV stage oocytes after centrifugation. In Experiment 1, cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and randomly allocated to different RCFs (3,000 rpm: 970 g; 6,000 rpm: 3,900 g; or 10,000 rpm: 10,840 g) for 10 or 20 min. Percentages of visible GV were 76-79% in the oocytes centrifuged with 10,000 rpm, which were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those with 3,000 and 6,000 rpm. No significant differences in GV visibility were observed among oocytes with different lengths of centrifugation (p<0.05) regardless of the RCFs. In esperiment 2, the maturation rate of the oocyte was found significantly lower in the 20 min than in the 10 min group received 10,840 g of RCF (30 vs. 75%, p<0.05). In conclusion, the GV of porcine oocytes can be clearly visible by centrifugation at 10,840 g for 10 min without compromising their subsequent maturation rates and a longer centrifugation time (20 min) had no beneficial influence on the visibility of GV stage pig oocytes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.70-78
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed at examining the effects of the application of EA (electroacupuncture) at GV20 and LI4 in the early cerebral ischemia on the size of cerebral infarction, COX-2 and IL-6. Methods : For this experiment, 21, six-week-old male S-D (Sprague - Dawley) rats weighting 160g to 200g were selected and randomly classified into 3 groups, seven rats in each group. Brain ischemia was simulated using a modified Koizumi method which was performed on each rat. In the GV20 group, the GV20 of the SD rats was stimulated for thirty minutes with acupunctural electrode low frequency stimulator five hours after inducement of ischemia. For the LI4 group, the LI4 was stimulated as above, while for the Ischemia group, no stimulation was applied. Twenty-four hours after the experiment, stained cerebral tissues were examined and an immuno-histological test was done to examine inflammatory reaction Results : Out of the three groups, the LI4 group showed the smallest size of cerebral infarction and the Ischemia group showed the highest COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression value in the cortex of the cerebrum. In addition, the LI4 group showed the lowest COX-2 expression value in unknown putamen out of the three groups. Conclusions : We infer that EA, applied at LI4 and GV20 in early ischemia, is effective in delaying the expression of IL-6 (interleukin-6) and COX-2, the inflammatory agents manifested from stroke. In addition, application at LI4, rather than GV20, can lower the expression value of the inflammatory agents. Further, EA can be an effective way to block early inflammatory reaction in stroke.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2010

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2004

Wetlands are lands with a mixture of water, herbaceous or woody vegetation and wet soil. And linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is one of the most often used methods in handling the spectral mixture problem. This study aims to test LSMA is an enhanced routine for classification of wetland land-covers in Paldang reservoir and vicinity (paldang Reservoir) using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. In the LSMA process, reference endmembers were driven from scatter-plots of Landsat bands 3, 4 and 5, and a series of endmember models were developed based on green vegetation (GV), soil and water endmembers which are the main indicators of wetlands. To consider phenological characteristics of Paldang Reservoir, a soil endmember was subdivided into bright and dark soil endmembers in spring and a green vegetation (GV) endmember was subdivided into GV tree and GV herbaceous endmembers in fall. We found that LSMA fractions improved the classification accuracy of the wetland land-cover. Four endmember models provided better GV and soil discrimination and the root mean squared (RMS) errors were 0.011 and 0.0039, in spring and fall respectively. Phenologically, a fall image is more appropriate to classify wetland land-cover than spring's. The classification result using 4 endmember fractions of a fall image reached 85.2 and 74.2 percent of the producer's and user's accuracy respectively. This study shows that this routine will be an useful tool for identifying and monitoring the status of wetlands in Paldang Reservoir.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.177-192
• /
• 2004

Objectives : This study is designed to investigate the pathology, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy applicable of the dementia through literature of oriental medicine. Results : The findings of this study are as follows ; 1. The cause of dementia is internal damage of seven emotions(七情內傷), deficiency of the kidney essence(腎精不足), retention of dampness in the mental(痰迷心竅). 2. The acupuncture meridians used often for dementia are $Tok-maek(GV),\;Chok-t'aeyang\;Pang-gwang-Ky\check{o}ng(BL),\;Chok-yangm\check{o}yng\;Wi-Ky\check{o}ng(ST),\;Su-gwor\check{u}m\;Shimp'o-Ky\check{o}ng(PC),\;Su-so\check{u}m\;Shim-Ky\check{o}ng(HT)$. 3. The spots on the body suiTable for acupuncture used for therapy of the dementia are 98 points and extra points are 6 points, total therapeutic acupunture points are 104 points. And acupunture points are frequently used Shinmun(神門-HT7, 24), Paek'oe(百會-GV20, 19), Chok-samni(足三里-ST36, 18), Sugu(水溝-GV26, 17), P'ungnyung(豊隆-ST40, 16), Taech'u(大椎-GV14, 14), $Sam\check{u}mgyo(三陰交-SP6,\;14)$, Shimsu(心兪-BL15, 14), $Taen\check{u}ng(大陵-PC7,\;11)$, Nogung(勞宮-PC8, 11), Sosang(少商-LU11, 10), Kansa(間使-PC5, 10), Naegwan(內關-PC6, 10). 4. The acupoints used often on moxibustion are Paek'oe(百會-GV20), Chang-gang(長强-GV1), Taech'u(大椎-GV14), Kansa(間使-PC5). Conclusion : It is recommended that further study of many sided investigations in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.211-211
• /
• 1994

항종양성 화합물의 개발을 지향한 해양생물 유래의 생물활성 물질의 화학적 연구의 일환으로써 다양한 종류의 생물활성 (즉, 항균작용, 혈중콜레스테롤 저하작용)등을 나타내며, 구입수가 용이한 홍조 꼬시래기 (Gracilaria verrucosa) 및 갈조 지충이 (Sargassum thunbergii)의 아세톤 및 메탄올 엑스를 EtOAc 및 n-BuOH로 분획한후 각 분획을 SiO$_2$ column, TSK gel(Toyo pearl HW-40F), $\mu$-Bondapak column 및 HPLC등으로 분리 정제하여, 새로운 glyceroglycolipid(GV-5, -6, ST-6) 및 glycerylglycoside(GV-12)를 얻었다. 이렇게 분리된 화합물의 물리화학적 성질, 화학반응 및 분광학적 data를 종합 검토한 결과 GV-5, -6, -12, 및 ST-6은 각각 1,2-diacyl-3-0-($\alpha$-D-galactopyranosyl) glycerol (acyl : palmitate-oleate-arachidonate 4: 1 : 9) (1), 1,2-diacyl -3-0-〔$\alpha$-D-galactopyranosyl -(1 "$\longrightarrow$6')-0-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl〕 glycerol (acyl : palmitate-oleate-arachidonate(5:1:4)(3), 2-0-($\alpha$-D-galactopyranosyl) glycerol (5), 및 sodium salt of 1-acyl-3-0-(6'-sulfo-$\alpha$-D-quinovopyranosyl) glycerol(acyl:palmitate-oleate 96:4)(8) 이라는 것이 판명되었다. 그리고 GV-5 및 -6은 마우스 백혈병세포 (L1210)에 대한 세포독성 ($IC_{50}$/ of GV-5, and -6:8.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 10.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml )외에, 사람의 상피암세포에 대한 성장억제효과 [growth inhibitor(%) in 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1 :GV-5(39.9%), GV-6(16.7%)를 나타내었으며, 한편, GV-5, GV-6, -12 및 ST-6은 각각 쥐의 F9 기형암종 세포의 분화유도 활성을 나타내어 항종양제로의 개발에 많은 흥미가 기대된다.기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.61-80
• /
• 2003

Objectives : Acupuncture and herbal medicine have been used to prevent and treat the cerebrovascular accident, such as a stroke, and many studies of acupuncture and moxibustion concerning to the stroke have been undertaken in the human and various animals. Recently, the new therapeutic tool, that is herbal acupuncture, has been developed since the 1950' and applied to various diseases including the cerebrovascular accident. The main characteristics of herbal acupuncture are a combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine. It was not well known the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of herbal acupuncture on transient forebrain ischemic injury, although it has been used frequently in clinics. Methods : In this study, effects of folium Artemisiae Argyi and moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on the $GV_{20}$, named Baek-Hue, on neuroprotection after the transient forebrain ischemia were investigated in Sprague-Dawely rats. Expressions of cFos, FosB and BDNF protein in the hippocampus and cortex were observed at 2 hrs and 48 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia by immunohis- tochemistry and ELISA technique. Results : Expression of cFos protein was increased slightly in the hippocampus and cortex at 2 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia, but FosB protein was increased highly comparing to cFos protein. However, pretreatment with folium Artemisiae Argyi or moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on $GV_{20}$ significantly increased expression of cFos protein and significantly decreased expression of FosB protein compared to control group, respectively. These features were observed in the motor cortex and retrosplenial granular cortex as well as the hippocampus. Also, pretreatment with folium Artemisiae Argyi and moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on$GV_{20}$ significantly increased the expression of BDNF protein in the hippocampus and the cortex compared to control group at 48 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that pretreatment with folium Artemisiae Argyi or moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on $GV_{20}$ has neuroprotective effect on transient forebrain ischemia and theherbal acupuncture on $GV_{20}$ may be related to antioxidative function.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.312-316
• /
• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the reverse effects of Jen Chung(Ren Thong, Shui Gou, GV-26) electroacupuncture after tiletamime-zolazepam administration in dogs. Seven healthy dogs ranging in weigh from 3.5 to 6.5 kg were used in this experiment. The treatment group was electrostimulated to Jen Chung(+) and Su Liao(Shan Gen, GV-25, -) for 20 minutes after 10 minutes of anesthesia. The control group I was anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam. The control group II was electrostimulated to nonacupuncture point for 20 minutes after 10 minutes of anesthesia. Various parameters were evaluated including the onset and recovery time of anesthesia, heart rates, body temperature, respiratory rates and electrocardiogram. The recovery time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group I and the control group II(p < 0.05). The treatment group had an increase in the heart rate from 20 minutes to 30 minutes after administration of tiletamime-zolazepam compared to the control group I and control group II(p < 0.05). The decrease in the body temperature was observed in all groups, but the body temperature of the treatment group was higher than the body temperature of the other groups. Respiratory rates gradually increased in all groups, but the treatment group had an increase in the respiratory rates from 20 minutes to 30 minutes after administration of tiletamime-zolazepam compared to the other groups. In the three groups, there was no specific finding on the electrocardiogram. In the result, the electroacupuncture on Jen Chung in dogs was effective for the reversed effects the tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia 20 minutes after induction.