• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2013

This study investigated the quality and antioxidative properties of a Korean fried rice cake, Gaeseong-Juak (doughnut of waxy rice) added with Prunus yedoensis Matsumura (PYM) extract, vitamin C and BHT. Gaeseong-Juak was prepared by adding PYM extract at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% of waxy rice powder. The moisture contents of Gaeseong-juak added with PYM extract varied between 17.50% and 21.70%. Among the samples, the lowest moisture content was 2% Gaeseong-juak added with PYM extract. The contents of the samples obtained from crude protein, crude fat, crude ash were 4.47~4.73, 11.15~12.50, and 0.73~0.82%, respectively. The as the content of PYM extract increased, L-values significantly decreased while a-value and b-value significantly increased (p<0.001). The texture profile analysis of the Gaeseong-Juak was not significantly different at the samples. In the sensory test, the sample containing 0.5% PYM extract obtained good scores. The antioxidative effect of the Gaeseong-Juak significantly increased as the addition level increased, compared to the original Gaeseong-Juak (p<0.001). From these results, we suggest that PYM is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and the functionality of Gaeseong-Juak.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2000

This study was carried out to standardize the recipe of Gaeseong-Juak. The formation and quality of the Juak were investigated under different treatment conditions. 1. The high ratio of medium flour(20%) in the flour mixture resulted in poor swelling. 2. The flour mixture with 10% strong flour showed higher volume of Gaeseong-Juak compared with the 10% mixture of medium flour, but the score of sensory evaluation was low. 3. The addition of Makkoli in the dough did not give significant difference in the formation of Juak, but the sensory score was low. 4. The deep-frying temperature in the range of 150$\^{C}$ to 170$\^{C}$ allowed the greatest swelling of Gaeseong-Juak, but the highest quality score was obtained at 160$\^{C}$ treatment. Overall, the best preparation condition of Gaeseong-Juak was that the mixture of waxy rice flour with 10% medium flour was kneaded with Makkoli and fried at 160$\^{C}$.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1191-1198
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• 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of the top of a low intake of root, through the analysis of the antioxidant activity of the powder of hydroponic-cultured ginseng. Quality characteristics and antioxidant activity were compared and analyzed with Korea's traditional dessert Gaeseong-Juak, which is made of the powder of hydroponic-cultured ginseng's leaf by adjusting the added volume. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the hydroponic-cultured ginseng by the part powder was in the following order: highly stem, leaf and root. It was measured as 67.9%, 42.9%, and 25.9% at the 1 mg/m level. Gaeseong-Juak was prepared by adding hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf powder at 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% of the rice powder. As the content of hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf powder increased, moisture content, L-value, and a-value were significantly decreased, while the b-value was significantly increased. The texture profile analysis of Gaeseong-Juak was not significantly different among the samples. In the sensory test, the sample containing 0.6% hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf powder achieved good scores. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Gaeseong-Juak was significantly increased, as the addition level increased, compared to the original. Based on the above results, hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf was verified to be a possible natural antioxidant. It can increase food's nutritional values and possibilities when made of hydroponic-cultured ginseng, using leaf which is added to the traditional dessert Gaeseong-Juak.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2022

This study tries to find out the commonalities and differences during the 20th century between the characteristics of Hanyang Sijeon revealed in previous studies by identifying the location of the Sijeon (market zones) installed in Namdaega, Gaeseong, the relationship between lots and streets, and the characteristics of the building arrangements. As a result, the integrated structure of the front and the doga, the market structures of Gaeseong, which have been passed down since the Goryeo Dynasty, influenced and developed those of Hanyang. In particular, additional furnaces were installed in the front, which led to the birth of Pimat-gil alleys. In determining the size of urban space, the scale of Gaeseong City was also applied to Hanyang, which became the basis for determining lots and roads around the market zones.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to present the possibility of an alternative production base for clothing business of South Korea through the analysis about textile/clothing industry production activities in the Gaeseong industrial complex. It is necessary for the Gaeseong industrial complex to cope with the issue about FTA and country of origin, manpower supply and demand, paying wages and labor productivity, the exclusive industrial complex of clothing. The Country of Origin on imports and exports tells the country of manufacture or production, where the product comes from. Rules of Origin are the special regulations to determine the country of origin of a product and exist in the forms of international law, legislation, precedent and administrative decisions. But the economy in the North and the Gaeseong industrial complex is a comparative advantage combined with elements of North-South interdependence as a South-North economic cooperation business and can contribute significantly to the stabilization of the North-South relations. Among the models using criteria of the determination of origin, it has directly provided the models of general regulation for offshore products, of limited offshore products. These models are to help Korean exporters in understanding and utilizing the Rules of Origin for their manufacturing. In addition, the development of the Gaeseong industrial complex will contribute to establish peace on the Korean peninsula as well as in Northeast Asia. Also economic cooperation between South and North Koreas is essential for peace and prosperity of the Korean people.

• 인삼문화
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• 제3권
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• pp.90-118
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• 2021

개성은 18세기 들어 성행한 인삼 재배와 교역으로 막대한 자본이 축적되면서 근대적 자본주의가 발달할 조건을 갖추었다. 일제 강점기 시절 인삼 상인들은 인삼에서 나온 자본을 단순히 지주자본에 묶어두지 않고 산업자본, 금융자본으로의 전환을 적극적으로 추진해 근대 기업가로 활동한다. 20세기 초반 설립된 개성전기주식회사, 대한천일은행, 개성양조주식회사, 송고실업장 등은 인삼상인들이 주축이 되어 공동 투자하고 공동경영을 맡았다. 이들은 기업이윤만을 추구하지 않고 사회 지도층으로서 개성상업학교 건립, 고려시보 창간, 개성좌 운영 등 개성의 교육, 문화발전을 위해 후원자로 나서 지역발전을 견인한다. 자유주의 경제학에서는 주주이익 우선이 기업의 목적이었지만 21세기 들어와서는 이해관계자(stakeholder)에 대한 사회책임을 강조한다. 또 재무적 성과를 중시하는 던 경향에서 비재무적 요소가 더 중시되는 ESG( Environment, Social, Governance) 경영이 중요해지고 있다. ESG 경영은 환경을 생각하고 사회가치를 창출 공유하며 기업의 투명성을 중시한다. 과거에는 돈을 잘 버는 기업이 좋은 기업이었으나 현대에 와서는 사회책임을 다하는 기업이 좋은 기업으로 평가받는다. 20세기 초반 인삼상인들의 기업활동에서는 현대 경영의 필수요소인 기업가 정신과 ESG 경영이 실현되고 있었다. 이들이 시대를 앞서 현대적 경영이념을 실천할 수 있었던 것은 개성의 지역성에서 비롯된다. 개성인들은 조선왕조의 정치적 차별로 관직 진출의 길이 막혀 사농공상(士農工商)의 엄격한 신분제하에서 양반, 지식인이 상업의 길로 들어설 수밖에 없었다. 우수한 인력이 대거 상업으로 진출하면서 개성의 상업은 더욱 활발했고 상인의 가치관도 선진적이었다. 대표적인 인삼상인 손봉상, 공성학은 상인이면서 유학자, 문인이었다. 인삼상인 2-3 세대들은 해외에서 고등교육을 받고 개성으로 돌아와 삼업을 잇고 인삼에서 나온 자본을 기반으로 근대적 기업을 설립했다. 20세기 초반 인삼상인들의 상업활동을 분석하면 ESG 경영이념이 배여 있는 선구적 기업가였음을 확인할 수 있다. 사람의 생명을 살리는 인삼처럼 개성 인삼상인의 상업활동과 근대 기업화에서는 사람의 얼굴을 한 자본주의의 한 단면을 볼 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.1086-1095
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 화피 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 개성주악에 대해 합성 항산화제를 첨가한 개성주악과 그 산화안정성을 비교하면서 저장기간($60^{\circ}C$, 4일) 동안 항산화 활성 및 품질 특성의 변화를 측정하였다. 개성주악의 색도 측정 결과 화피 추출물 첨가량의 증가, 저장기간의 증가에 따라 L값은 감소하고 a값과 b값이 높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 조직감 측정결과에서는 화피 추출물의 첨가는 개성주악의 경도와 응집성을 높이고 부착성을 감소시키는 경향을 나타내었으며, 저장기간에 따른 변화에서도 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 관능검사 결과 색, 맛, 전반적인 기호도에서 0.5, 1% 첨가군이 높은 점수를 나타냈으며, 이러한 경향은 저장기간 동안 유사하게 나타났다. 화피 추출물 첨가군의 산가, 과산화물가, 아니시단가는 무첨가군과 비교할 때 저장기간 동안 낮게 보여졌으며, 0.02% vitamin C와 0.02% BHT 첨가군의 경우 1, 2% 첨가군과 유사한 산화안정성를 나타내었다. 화피 추출물 첨가 개성주악의 항산화 활성 측정 결과, 시료의 첨가량에 비례하여 그 활성이 유의적으로 증가하였으며 이러한 경향은 저장기간 동안 유지되었다. 이상의 결과에서 개성주악에 대한 화피 추출물의 첨가는 개성주악의 기호도 및 산화안정성, 항산화활성을 증가시켜 개성주악의 가치를 높일 수 있어 바람직할 것으로 사료되며, 개성주악 제조 시 기호도가 높고 산화안정성, 항산화능이 좋았던 0.5~1% 화피 추출물을 첨가하는 것이 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.518-533
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• 2011

개성공단은 북한에서 남한이 시행한 최초의 공단이다. 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화적으로 남한과 다른 환경속에서 개발사업자로서 공단개발구상과 후보지 선정, 토지 취득, 조성공사 시행, 기반시설 설치, 분양, 기업유치, 유지관리 등 일련의 사업프로세스를 추진하는 과정에서 겪은 실무적 경험과 개발사업 중심의 시사점을 공유함으로써 향후, 개성공단 2단계, 3단계 뿐만아니라, 제2의 개성공단과 같은 남북경협사업에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2014

As all aspects of international activity have kept growing in good transaction, transnational investments, joint ventures, and the licensing of intellectual property, it is inevitable for disputes to increase across national frontiers. International disputes can be settled by arbitration and ADR. In the situation presented in the paper, any dispute shall be finalized by arbitration and conciliation in the Gaeseong Industrial Complex. Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration in the Gaeseong Industrial Complex has become the principal method of resolving disputes in trade, commerce, and investment in accordance with the "Agreement on South-North Commercial Dispute Settlement Procedures," "Agreement on Organization and Operation of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee," and the Annexed Agreement on "Organization and Operation of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee" (2013). But the follow-up measures of the said agreements have not been fulfilled. Some prerequisite measures of the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration must be satisfied. In order to proceed with arbitration and conciliation in the Gaeseong Industrial Complex, we need to ask the following: Does the status of an arbitrational matter? Should an agreement to arbitrate contain a choice of law clause? Should one provide for one arbitrator or three? How should the arbitrators be selected? What is the relation between party-appointed arbitrators and the presiding arbitrator (neutral arbitrator)? Do arbitrators compromise more than the litigation? Can conciliation be combined with arbitration? To execute the enactment of arbitration regulations, the contents of the Arbitration Rules of the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (South) and the Korea International Trade Arbitration Committee (North), together with the Korean Arbitration Act and External Arbitration Act of North Korea and the UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Law and UNCITRAL l Arbitration Rules are reflected in the Rules. There are many aspects of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration. It is essential to understand key elements; namely, the arbitration agreement, appointment of arbitrator, arbitral proceeding and arbitral award, and enforcement and setting aside of arbitral award. This research deals with five chapters. Chapter 1 provides the introduction. Chapter 2 deals with trade volume between South and North Korea and the kinds of dispute in Gaeseong. Chapter 3 addresses contents and follow-up measures of the agreement on the "South-North Commercial Dispute Settlement Procedures," "Agreement on Organization and Operation of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee," and the Annexed Agreement on "Organization and Operation of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee" (2013). Chapter 4 features the problems and tasks of the pertinent agreements. Chapter 5 gives the conclusion. Enabling parties to find an amicable solution to the dispute in the Gaeseong Industrial Complex can lead to a useful and appropriate framework either through direct negotiation or by resorting to conciliation or mediation in accordance with pertinent agreements and follow-up measures contained in the agreements.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.3-49
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to make research on the settlement mechanism of the commercial disputes between the South and the North of Korea. Also, this paper is to make research on the south-north Korea's cooperative tasks to promote the disputes settlement, including the operation and management of the South-North Arbitration Commission as well as the enactment of the South-North Arbitration Rules. To realize the spirit of the South-North Joint Declaration of June 15, 2000, the Authorities concerned of the South and the North of Korea have reached an agreement titled 'Agreement on Settlement Procedure of Commercial Disputes' on December of the same year. As the follow-up measures of the said Agreement, the South-North Authorities have signed an another agreement called 'Agreement on Organization and Administration of the South-North Arbitration Commission' on October, 2003, which is becoming vital importance for settlement of the commercial disputes between south and north Korea including the Gaeseong Industrial Complex. Gaeseong, a city surrounded by the North Korean military and a symbol of inter-Korean tensions, is now turning into a peace zone where thousands of North and South Koreans are working side by side. The Gaeseong Industrial Complex project, driven by the logic and economic necessity of cooperation, has been steadily moving forward since the North designated it as a special economic zone and has enacted related laws and regulations for its development. Under the situation, the matter of primary concern is how to organize and conduct the Arbitration Commission for the prompt and effective settlement of the south-north commercial disputes. First of all, the South-North Authorities should recognize that the availability of prompt, effective and economical means of dispute resolution such as arbitration and mediation to be made by the Arbitration Commission would promote the orderly growth and encouragement of the south-north trade and investment. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) should be designated as the arbitral institution of the south Korean side under the Agreement on Organization and Administration of the South-North Arbitration Commission. The KCAB is the only authorized arbitral organization in South Korea to settle all kinds of commercial disputes at home and abroad.