• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.310-319
• /
• 2016

Three types of gap sensors, a capacitive gap sensor, an eddy current gap sensor, and a Hall effect gap sensor are described and evaluated through experiments for the purpose of precise gap sensing for micrometer scale movement, and a novel type of differential hall effect gap sensor is proposed. Each gap sensor is analyzed in terms of resolution and environment dependency including temperature dependency. Furthermore, a transport system for AMOLED deposition is introduced as a typical application of gap sensors, which are recently receiving considerable attention. Based on the analyses, the proposed differential Hall effect gap sensor is found to be the most suitable gap sensor for precise gap sensing, especially for application to a transport system for AMOLED deposition. The sensor shows resolution of $0.63mV/{\mu}m$ for the overall range of the gap from 0 mm to 2.5 mm, temperature dependency of $3{\mu}m/^{\circ}C$ from $20^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$, and a monotonic characteristic for the gap between the sensor and the target.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.264-268
• /
• 1996

Panax-ginseng saponin has been known to exert various pharmacological effects on cellular metabolism. This study was performed to determine the effect of ginseng saponin on gap junction channel-mediated intercellular communication, using an established in vitro system of reconstituted gap junction channels. Gap junction channels are a specialized plasma membrane fraction, which are permeable to relatively large water-soluble molecules. The sucrose permeable property of reconstituted gap junction channels was completely inhibited with 0.1 % (w/v) of ginseng saponin. We also compared the effect of ginseng saponin with that of Triton X-100, a nonionic detergent, on the same system. Triton X-100 showed significantly different effect on sucrose-permeability of gap junction channel from that was affected by ginseng saponin. The structures of liposomes containing gap junction channels was significantly destroyed by Triton X-100.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2013

While performing numerical simulations, it is general industrial practice to neglect the clearance gap between the impeller and the inlet duct. In the present work, the effect of clearance gap on the performance of an industrial sized centrifugal blower is simulated for two volutes of width ratios and various flow coefficients. The results show that the clearance has a positive effect at low mass flow rates. This is observed in the pressure rise (1.3%) as well as in efficiency (0.7%). At higher mass flow rates, it has a negative effect with a drop in efficiency of 1% and pressure drop of about 1.4%. The effect of clearance gap on volute with higher width ratio is smaller when compared with the volute with smaller width ratio.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2004

The laser welding and its analysis of thin-sheet carbon steels were carried out with high power $CO_{2}$ laser. The main factor of weld quality of laser welding is gap and edge quality. This work was preformed to focus on the gap tolerance problem during laser welding. First, bead on plate welding of thin sheet was examined to investigate the effect of laser welding variables, and to obtain optimum welding condition. Butt welding was also carried out to show the effect of gap on the laser weldability of thin sheet. In order to investigate the effect of gap on formability of welded thin sheet, LDH test was caried out. At high welding speed, the partial penetration was obtained by low heat input. Otherwise, porosity was formed in the bead at low weld speed because of too much heat input. The optimum welding condition of welding was derived from bead width, penetration and hardness property. The maximum gap tolerance on laser welding was observed to be about 0.2mm. This gap size has good relationship with beam size of laser spot(about 0.3mm). The formability of welded sheet was about $80{\%}$ value of base metal and the gap size has not affected on the formability, although weld quality is dependent on the gap size.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.69-82
• /
• 2014

Flow around a small white fir tree was investigated with varying the length of the bottom trunk (hereafter referred to as bottom gap). The velocity fields around the tree, which was placed in a closed-type wind tunnel test section, were quantitatively measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Three different flow regions are observed behind the tree due to the bottom gap effect. Each flow region exhibits a different flow structure as a function of the bottom gap ratio. Depending on the gap ratio, the aerodynamic porosity of the tree changes and the different turbulence structure is induced. As the gap ratio increases, the maximum turbulence intensity is increased as well. However, the location of the local maximum turbulence intensity is nearly invariant. These changes in the flow and turbulence structures around a tree due to the bottom gap variation significantly affect the shelter effect of the tree. The wind-speed reduction is increased and the height of the maximum wind-speed reduction is decreased, as the gap ratio decreases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 1997

In order to investigate the relationship between the ring gap ratio and oil consumption, the axial motion of piston ring was measured by capacitance technique. The pressures of each land and the motions of each ring were calculated by orifice-volume method in which it is assumed that the ring gaps are the only gas leakage paths. The calculated results were compared with the measured ones. Consequently, it is known that the increase of ring gap ratio has the effect of lifting the first ring. The calculated results were roughly in accordance with those measured. Therefore, it is possible to predict the effect of design variables on the pattern of ring motion. It is known that the lift off of first ring accompanied by the increase of ring gap ratio make rise of oil consumption.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.60 no.4
• /
• pp.759-765
• /
• 2011

This paper proposes an effective assistant model for considering the stator slot-opening effect on air gap flux density distribution in conventional interior-type permanent magnet (IPM) motor. Different from the conventional slot-opening effect analysis in surface-type PM (SPM) motor, a composite effect of slot-opening uniquely existing in IPM motor, which additionally causes enhancement of air gap flux density due to magnet flux path distortion in iron core between the buried PM and rotor surface. This phenomenon is represented by a proposed assistant model, which simply deals with this additional effect by modifying magnetic pole-arc using an effective method. The validity of this proposed analytical model is applied to predict the air gap flux density distribution in an IPM motor model and confirmed by finite element method (FEM).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 2011

The effect of the ignition delay time gap is newly studied. The operational characteristics of the linked two pyrotechnic thrusters are affected by the time gap. Although two thrusters are simultaneously ignited, the time at which the pressure starts to rise in each thruster may not be synchronized. The characteristic of the system with the time gap is compared with that of the fully synchronized system without any time gap. Depending upon the magnitude of the time gap, the pressure-time profile and the ballistic performance are different. When two pyrotechnic thrusters have a time gap, the peak pressure of one thruster(in which the pressure is built up earlier) is increased and the other is decreased. As the time gap is increased, the peak pressure is converged into the maximum pressure. This maximum pressure can be obtained when only one thruster is activated. Because the maximum pressure is bounded, it is predicted that there isn't any catastrophic failures in the considered system. When the time gap is relatively small, the impulse of the combined force acting on the moving body is almost maintained. But the ballistic performance of the system with a large time gap should be carefully estimated because the reduction of the ballistic performance should not be easily neglected.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to validated the effectiveness of the information gap in work and daliy life satisfaction. Additionally, this study attempted to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem. Methods : The study examined 327 students who participated in a study on the PSWCI 1st Wave by KCOMWEL. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using the reliability test in SPSS 22.0 Ver. Moreover, hypothesis testing was analyzed with covariance based on structure equation modeling (CB-SEM) using Amos 21.0 Ver. Results : The low information gap has a positive effect on satisfaction with work and daily life. Additionally, self-esteem also has a positive effect on each satisfaction measure. However, self-esteem does not have a mediating effect between information gap and each satisfaction measure. Conclusions : The results of the study found the factor of effect on effect factor on beneficiary's satisfaction of industrial accident compensation insurance. Therefore, new ways need to be found that reduce the information gap and increase self-esteem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.28A no.11
• /
• pp.874-879
• /
• 1991

The effect of air gap between specimen and jig on the material constant (permittivity, permeability) and attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave absorbers in the coaxial line method was investigated. The presence of a air gap made both permittivity and permeability measured lower than true value, and the tendency was greater in the case of permittivity. An inner gap compared to an outer gop was found to yield a larger difference between measured and true values. The effect of air gap was measured for a Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4, with the gap eliminated by metallizing with Ag-paste. The measured characteristics were in good agreement with corrected values by calculation.