• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2016

In this paper, we proposes a DTV indoor receiving antenna with a gap sleeve monopole structure. The proposed antenna uses a basic structure of a sleeve monopole and gap sleeve. To optimize antenna, we have adjusted the gap between monopole and sleeve, the gap between sleeve and ground. In order to confirm the property of antenna parameters, it was used a commercial software, HFSS. For the antenna fabrication, a FR4 dielectric substrate which has a dielectric constant of 4.7 was used. The size of the antenna was $213mm{\times}40mm{\times}1.6mm$. Frequency band of the fabricated antenna was 432MHz ~ 827MHz, and the bandwidth was 395MHz. The maximum gain of the antenna was 2.19dBi. Consequently, it was confirmed the possibility of practical application of the DTV indoor receiving antenna with a gap sleeve monopole structure.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.649-656
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• 2003

We have a cultured method to grow rat mammary epithelial cells (RMEC) for 1 to 14 days in 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient and F-12 (DMEM/F-12) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), human EGF, insulin, hydrocortisone, human transferrin and $17{\beta}$-estradiol in vitro. We were able to isolate and distinguish two cell types, luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells, from primary clutures of RMEC. Immunocytochemical stains were used to distingusih luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. Peanut lectin (PNA) was stained in most alveolar epithelail cells and luminal epithelial cells of rats, while Thy-1.1, a maker of potential rat mammary myoepithelial cells, was expressed in myoepithelial cells in the rat. Also, we examined the expression patterns of three types of gap junction proteins, connexin 26 ($C{\times}26$), connexins 32 ($C{\times}32$) and connexin 43 ($C{\times}43$) by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. In the cell types, the results show that at the early stage of culture, luminal epithelial cells were increased and these cells were surrounded by myoepithelial cells. At the late stage of culture, luminal epithelial cells were decreased, in contrast myoepithelial cells were increased. In the expression pattern of gap junction, $C{\times}26$ maintained it's expression until day 3, but afterwards gradually decreased in intensity. Expression of $C{\times}32$ remained until day 5, then decreased slightly. $C{\times}43$ gradually increased untill the middle time of culture then decreased in intensity. These results suggest that connexins may be important for the control of growth in rat mammary epithelial cell types.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2003

Enumeration of the primes with difference 4 between consecutive primes, is counted up to 5${\times}$10$\^$10/, yielding the counting function ,r2,4(5${\times}$10$\^$10/) = l18905303. The sum of reciprocals of primes with gap 4 between consecutive primes is computed B$_4$(5 ${\times}$ 10$\^$10/) = 1.1970s4473029 and B$_4$ = 1.197054 ${\pm}$ 7 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-6/. And Enumeration of the primes with difference 6 between consecutive primes, is counted up to 5${\times}$10$\^$10/, yielding the counting function $\pi$$\_$2.6/(5${\times}$10$\^$10/) = 215868063. The sum of reciprocals of primes with gap 6 between consecutive primes is computed B$\_$6/(5${\times}$10$\^$10/) = 0.93087506039231 and B$\_$6/ = 1.135835 ${\pm}$ 1.2${\times}$10$\^$-6/.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.636-643
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• 1995

The accurate determination of the fuel-cladding gap conductance as functions of rod burnup and power level may be a key to the design and safety analysis of a reactor. The incorporation of a sophisticated gap conductance model into nuclear design code for computing thermal hydraulic feedback effect has not been implemented mainly because of computational inefficiency due to complicated behavior of gap conductance. To avoid the time-consuming iteration scheme, simplification of the gap conductance model is done for the current design model. The simplified model considers only the heat conductance contribution to the gap conductance. The simplification is made possible by direct consideration of the gas conductivity depending on the composition of constituent gases in the gap and the fuel-cladding gap size from computer simulation of representative power histories. The simplified gap conductance model is applied to the various fuel power histories and the predicted gap conductances are found to agree well with the results of the design model.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.273-281
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• 2009

The gap(P-E)-model is based on the disconfirmation paradigm that tries to under stand the effect of the gap between before purchase expectations and after purchase perceptions of the product performance on dependent variables such as customer satis-faction. But Bhote proposed multiply($I{\times}P$)-model instead of gap(P-E)-model in 1998. This paper is focused on Bhote's multiply($I{\times}P$)-model in food service industry. The purpose of this research is to test whether DINESERV's 5-dimensions by multiply($I{\times}P$) model fits in explaining satisfaction, revisit intention and customer loyalty. The F-value of regression model was used to test the fitness of regression model of the multiply($I{\times}P$)-model. Through analysis, it was found that the multiply($I{\times}P$)-model fits.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

In this study, the flow path width (Gap Size), which is the flow path of fluid, was selected differently among various factors that determine the Ccontrol Force of MR damper, and the change of Control Force was confirmed accordingly. For this purpose, two MR dampers with a Gap Size of 1.0mm and 1.5mm were fabricated, respectively, and dynamic load experiments were conducted according to changes in applied current and vibration conditions The experimental results showed that the minimum Control Force was 3.2 times higher than 1.5mm in the case of 1.0mm Gap Size, and the maximum Control Force was 2.3 times higher than 1.5mm in the case of 1.0mm Gap Size. In addition, the increased width of the Control Force according to applied current was 34N for Gap Size 1.0mm, and 12.7N for Gap Size 1.5mm. As the gap Size increased, the overall Control Force and the increase in the Control Force by the applied current decreased. Next, the dynamic range, which is a performance evaluation index of the semi-active Control device, was 2.3 on average under 1.0mm condition and 2.8 on average under 1.5mm condition, confirming the possibility of utilization as a semi-active Control device.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlates of depression and perception gap of adolescents' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) between Parents and Children. Methods: Research targets are all students and their parents who are enrolled in from 1st~3rd grade of middle school to $1^{st}$ grade of high school which was selected intentionally. The survey was conducted from May $16^{th}$ to June $9^{th}$ in 2014 by research staffs equipped with structured questionnaire. $PedsQL^{TM}4.0$ Generic Core Scales and Korean form of the Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory were the main tool for measuring the HRQOL and depression. Data of 985 respondents, both of parents and children, was used for analysis of this study. Results: In terms of gender difference of depression, 5.8% of adolescents, 3.2% of male and 8.5% of female (p<0.001), are shown depression symptom. Depression rate of the low level students of academic achievement was 11.0% which is the lowest rate to compare to 4.3% of middle level and 2.6% of high level students (p<0.001). The case that parents overestimated their children's overall HRQOL is 3.699 times more likely to have depression symptom than the case which is in concurrence between parents and children. Especially the overestimation in social, emotional, and academic area of HRQOL promote depression 3.918 times, 3.371 times, and 2.258 times more than the agreement occurred of each areas. In contrast underestimation in physical area of HRQOL reduce depression 0.266 times less than the agreement occurred of the area. Conclusion: The perception gap of adolescents' HRQOL between parents and children is the most influential factor to adolescents' depression among all variables which was evaluated in this study.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.315-325
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• 2018

This paper investigates optimum air-gap flux distribution with third harmonic rotor flux orientation adjustment for five-phase induction motor. The technique of objective is to generate a nearly rectangular air-gap flux, and it improves iron utilization under variation loading conditions. The proportional relations between third harmonic and fundamental plane currents is usually adopted in the conventional method. However, misalignment between fundamental and third harmonic component occurs with variation loading. The iron of stator teeth is saturated due to this misalignment. This problem is solved by third harmonic rotor flux orientation adjustment simultaneously, and direction and amplitude are changed with mechanical load variation. The proposed method ensures that the air-gap flux density is near rectangular for a maximum value from no load to rated load. It is confirmed that the proposed method guarantees complete both planes decoupling with third harmonic flux orientation adjustment. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated experimentally.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.235-246
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• 1995

When an O-ring is installed in a high fluid pressure device, a section of the O-ring is extruded into the piston-cylinder clearance gap. Any tendency towards extrusion will induce wear in dynamic applications, leading to premature failure of the seal. In this study, the mechanism of initial extrusion of the O-ring was studied, 1.e., how much amount of the O-ring will be extruded into the clearance gap at a certain pressure. The relationship between extrusion depth and a clearance gap or fluid pressure were studied by finite element analysis (FEA). After that, Salita's experimental data were analyzed. The result is that Initial extrusion depth for an O-ring into a clearance gap was 1.11 times the product of dimensionless pressure difference $(p-p_1)/E$ and clearance gap c. The required pressure $p_1$ for zero extrusion depth was found to decrease logarithmically with increasing clearance gap.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.473-484
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of resin cement, which had been known to increase the adhesive capacity of the cast gold inlay, on the gingival marginal fit and whether the tin-planting of the beveled area affects the marginal fit, Class II cast gold inlays were made on the 25 sound molars. Control group(ZPC goup) was cemented with the ZPC by conventional method. Experimental groups were cemented with the resin cement(Super-hond & $Panavia_{EX}$) and subdivided further by the existence or nonexistence of the tin-plating of the beveled area(ST & PT groups: with plating, SNT & PNT groups: without plating). So, each group was consisted of 5 teeth and the gingival margin of each specimen was mesiodistally sectioned by 3 times and the marginal and internal gap were evaluated by the Stereo Microscope (${\times}180$) and the Scanning Electron Micrascope(${\times}5,000$) was used for examining the adhesive relationship of the resin cement to the cavity wall and to the cast gold surface. The results were as follows : 1. Marginal gap was less than internal gap in all groups. 2. ZPC and SNT(bevel without tin-plating) groups showed the least gap and gap in PNT(bevel without tin-plating) group, ST(bevel with tin-plating) group, PT(bevel with tin-plating) group showed the greater value in order in evaluation of the both internal gap and marginal gap. 3. With the exception of the relationships between ZPC and SNT groups, ST and PNT groups, relationships between any other groups showed the statistical significance in the internal gap(p<0.05). 4. In the marginal gap, all relationships between groups showed the statistical significance (p<0.05) except the relationships between ZPC and SNT groups, ST and PNT groups, ZPC and PNT groups. 5. ZPC group showed more soluble phenamena than the resin groups(ST, SNT, PT, PNT). 6. Resin cement showed the void spaces in spite of good penetration into the micro-irregularities on both the tooth surface and the cast surface. The void was shown more in PT and PNT groups than in the ST and SNT groups. 7. After the treatment of heat and desiccation for SEM specimen, resin cements were detached more easily from the tooth surface than from the cast surface.