• Title/Summary/Keyword: Gender

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Study on the Meaning of Gender in Mathematics Education Research (수학 교육 연구에서 성별(性別)의 의미 고찰)

  • Kim, Rina
    • Communications of Mathematical Education
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.445-453
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    • 2019
  • Gender might be interpreted in different roles and meanings depending on social and cultural backgrounds. Based on the premise that understanding of gender may change the direction of mathematics education, this paper confirmed how gender is interpreted in the preceding study of mathematics education in Korea by applying the literature research method. In particular, predictive model based on empirical perspective and gender schema model based on constructivist perspective. Based on the analysis of gender and research methods in cultural and historical composition models based on historical perspectives and postmodernism models based on postmodernism perspectives, this study analyzed trends in domestic mathematics education. As a result of the analysis, it is confirmed that gender is recognized as a biological difference in domestic mathematics education, and that analysis of gender and related elements of mathematics education is mainly used using statistical analysis techniques. This suggests that various approaches to interpreting gender's role in future mathematics education are needed. The existing mathematics education research on gender is composed in terms of gender differences. Since biology at the time did not explain this difference, however, it should now be based on the concept of gender, which is socially defined gender. Accurate understanding of gender and gender can be the basis for clearer understanding and interpretation of gender-related mathematics research.

Study on the Development of the National Pension System in Korea : With the Gender-equality-perspective (국민연금제도 발전 방안에 대한 연구: 양성 평등적 관점에서의 비판적 분석)

  • Jung, Jae-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.31-50
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    • 2005
  • The perspectives on the gender equality are various. Therefore the relationship between social policy and gender equality must be thought in the sense of the following question: What kind of gender equality pursue social policy? In spite of the mentioned question the mainstreaming discussion about the relationship between social policy and gender equality focuses on how a social policy leads to gender inequality. The debate about the perspective with which social policy pursues to conglomerate or abolish gender inequality is not popular. In this study the Korean National Pension System is analysed according to the gender neutral approach, the gender recognition approach, the gender reconstruction approach and the gender reinforcement approach. As a result, the Korean National Pension System has a character as a gender neutral approach. Therefore the critics on the National Pension System should focus on this perspective. In the future, when the pension credit system, the guarantee of right to pension in the case of divorce and the basic pension guarantee would be introduced, the Korean National Pension System could be featured as a field of social policy that has a gender recognition approach.

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Factors Affecting Gender Equality Consciousness of University Students -The Graduates of Social Welfare- (대학생의 양성평등의식에 영향을 미치는 요인 -사회복지학 전공 대학생 대상으로-)

  • YOON, Suk-Ja;BYUN, Eun-Kyung
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.90-100
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    • 2017
  • This study seeks to identify factors influencing the gender equality consciousness of university students and provide data to increase gender equality consciousness for university students based on the results. The subjects of university students in D and G city at the time, data collection was from April 1, 2016 to April 14, 189 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The collected data using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program percentages, means and standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, post verification was analyzed by scheffe's test, correlation between variables affect the Pearson's correlation coefficient, gender equality consciousness used a multiple regression analysis. In results of the study, gender equality consciousness appeared as $3.23{\pm}0.48$ points. Gender equality consciousness were a negative correlation with gender role stereotypes(r=-.711, p<.001) and a positive correlation with self-esteem correlation(r=.186, p=.011) and showed a negative correlation with control (r=-383, p<.001). Factors affecting gender equality in research subjects appeared to be gender role stereotypes and control, explanatory power was found to be 50.1%. Through this research requires the fellow study to determine the various factors affecting the gender equality consciousness of university students, it is necessary to improve the gender equality consciousness.

A Qualitative Case Study on the Discrepancy between Children's Gender Schema and Gender Role Acceptability: With a Focus on the Intersexual Role Playing of Two Brothers' (형제 놀이 속에서 발현된 '코델리아' 형규의 이성지향자적(異性志向者的) 특성에 관한 질적 연구)

  • Lee, Eun-Ji;Kang, Hyoun-Gu;Pack, Yun-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.33-48
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    • 2015
  • It is generally known that children's development of 'gender schema' and 'gender role stereotype' has a positive relationship with the notion of 'gender role preference'. This study analyzed an unusual case focusing on the role playing of two brothers'. The elder brother, Hyoung-Gyoo, always preferred to take the female role, and he had a preference for feminine names like "Cordelia" whilst engaging in role playing situations. The brothers can be said to have crossed the border into the realm of intersexual role playing. The results revealed Hyoung-Gyoo's clear discrepancy between gender-related perceptions and reality, and showed his younger sibling Je-Gyoo's high level of acceptance towards his brother's extraordinary gender role preference. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference point for detailing unusual development from early childhood regarding 'opposite-gender-role seeking' characteristics.

Gender Identity, Gender Equality, and Self Esteem of Nursing College Students (간호대학생의 성별에 따른 성정체성, 성평등의식과 자아존중감)

  • Kim, Eun Joo;Kim, Geun Myun;Choi, Kyung-Won;Kim, Sang Suk;Lim, Ji Young
    • Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.60-68
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between gender identity, gender equality, and self-esteem among nursing college students. Methods: The subjects were nursing college students who were selected from 4 different nursing colleges. We measured gender identity, gender equality, and self-esteem using verified measurement tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. Results: Gender equality among nursing college students showed a significant difference between male students and female students. Male students had higher gender equality scores than female students on all 4 types of gender equality. Conclusion: Male nursing college students that there are differences in gender equality, especially in the areas of education and employment. Based on these results, we suggest that future work should focus on developing a curriculum to increase awareness of gender equality among under graduate students, and thereby build an organizational culture of mutual respect for gender equality among clinical nurses.

Analysis of Gender Pay Gap in Different Sectors of the Economy in Kazakhstan

  • KIREYEVA, Anel A.;SATYBALDIN, Azimkhan A.
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.231-238
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    • 2019
  • This study aims is to analyze of existing concepts of gender stereotypes and gender differences in wages, defining of gender pay gap determinants, and to evaluate the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. This paper begins by reviewing trends in gender stereotypes and gender segregation during the past several decades. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of gender pay gap. The developed methodological tools will allow providing authentic and formal analysis on gender pay gap and identifying the main determinants of gender pay differences. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of wage gap in Kazakhstan's regions and the Duncan's dissimilation index allows us to trace the dynamics of changes in the professional structure between men and women. According to the results, gender pay gap is narrowing with the reduction of the job level and discrimination is related to differences in human capital and education. Wages in the industrial sector are higher for men than for women, because men's professions are characterized by severe and unhealthy working conditions. In addition, employers prefer male managers, but if they take woman managers, they give them salary 3 times less.

Relationship between Leisure Time and Time Pressure: Gender Differences in the Moderating Effect of Gender Role Attitudes (여가시간과 시간압박감의 관계 : 성별에 따른 성역할 태도의 조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Jang, Youn-Ju;Lee, Ki-Young;Choe, Hyuncha
    • Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.195-211
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leisure time and time pressure based on time availability perspective and gender perspective. For this purpose, this study examined the use of leisure time and the level of time pressure according to gender and gender role attitudes and investigated the relationship between leisure time and time pressure focusing on gender differences in the moderating effect of gender role attitudes. The sample for the study was drawn from the Time Use Survey data collected by Korean National Statistical Office in 2009. Two cases were gathered from each of the samples who are married, aged over 20, presently working and raising preschoolers, which makes 3,150 cases in the total. The major findings are as follows. First, the differences of leisure time between groups according to gender role attitude are not significant, but gender differences are significant. Men's leisure time is more than women's leisure time. Secondly, people with progressive gender role attitudes have higher time pressure than people with conservative gender role attitudes. By the gender groups, women's time pressure is higher than men's time pressure. Thirdly, men's time pressure is decreasing as leisure time increases, but effect of leisure time on women's time pressure is not significant. Women with progressive gender role attitudes have higher time pressure than women with conservative gender role attitudes. On the other hand, influence of gender role attitudes on men's time pressure is not significant. Fourthly, only male group has a significant moderating effect of gender role attitudes in the relationship between leisure time and time pressure. In other words, time pressure of men with conservative gender role attitudes is decreasing more sharply than men with progressive gender role attitudes as leisure time increases. In contrast, increased leisure time does not relieve women's time pressure even though they have conservative gender role attitudes. These results show that men's time pressure can be interpreted in the time availability perspective, while women's time pressure can be described in gender perspective.

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A Study on Children's Gender-Role Flexibility (아동의 성역할 개념의 유연성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Jung-Min
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.23 no.4 s.76
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    • pp.91-100
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trends in children's gender-role flexibility across different areas of gender-role concept(appearance, activities, occupations, personality trails). Participants included 74 children(1st, 3rd, 5th graders). They were interviewed on a series of 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Analyses revealed that (a) flexibility reached its peak at around age 8, which then remained the same except in appearance, (b) girls showed higher flexibility than boys except in occupations, (c) children showed the lowest flexibility in appearance and the highest in occupations, (d) children showed the lowest flexibility toward a male target child with cross-gender characteristic, and (e) children's justifications for flexibility were varied according to the situations. The results suggest that children's gender-role flexibility is influenced by age, sex, areas of gender-role concept, and target persons.

A Review on Gender and Health for Gender-Sensitive Health Policy (젠더와 건강 : 성인지적 보건정책을 위한 시론)

  • Chun, Hee-Ran;Chung, Jin-Joo
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.130-156
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    • 2008
  • This review paper is to provide theoretical background and empirical evidence for gender sensitive health policy in Korea. We explore how sex and gender are implicated in health disparities. After reviewing major concepts regarding sex, gender, and health, the study moves on to describe the ways in which gender interacts with other social determinants (socioeconomic position, workplace, stress, social support, and violation) to show disparate health outcomes. Next, suggested health models considering gender and social process are introduced. The article concludes by suggesting the necessity of gender sensitive policy consorted with social programs in tackling health equity.

An Analysis of the Policy Effect on Institutionalization of Gender Responsive Budgeting - Focusing on World Bank 73 Countries - (성인지 예산 제도화의 정책적 효과 분석 - World Bank 73개 국가를 중심으로 -)

  • Hong, Heejeong;Hong, Sunghyun
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.29-66
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of the study was to point out the limitation of the conceptual discussions in which researches on gender responsive budgeting have remained so far and to empirically analyze the effect of institutionalization of gender responsive budgeting on the gender equality by using macro data. The units of the analysis were 73 countries which implements gender responsive budgeting among the 229 countries registered in the World Bank. Panel data were established on the materials of 7-year period from 2006 to 2012, which were analyzed by Fixed Effect Model. Gender Equality (Gender Gap Index) which is the ultimate goal of gender budgeting was established as the dependent variable while Institutionalization of Gender Responsive Budgeting (formal and qualitative classification) was established as the independent variable. In addition, social and economic factors, political factors and geographical factors which were judged to affect dependent variables were established as control variables. As a result of analysis, the institutionalization of gender responsive budgeting has positive effect on gender equality. Thus, the study confirmed that gender responsive budgeting has positive effect on gender equality in countries with legal, procedural and formal foundations rather than in countries with simple rhetoric in catchwords and documents. Moreover, the higher the level of institutionalization of gender responsive budgeting is, the more positive effect it has on the gender equality. Therefore, the study found out that efforts need to be accompanied to enhance the level of institutionalization in order to increase the effectiveness of institutionalization of gender responsive budgeting.